Ukuthi inyanga ihamba ngendlela ethile ithinta impilo yonke emhlabeni. Okufanayo kuchaza ukuthandwa kwamakhalenda enyanga wabalimi nabalimi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela yokuhlwanyela kahle i-pepper ezitshalweni ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
Izimo ze-pepper ezikhulayo
Ukuhlela ukubaluleka kokushisa okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni izithombo ze-pepper endaweni yokuhlala akulula njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni.
Kumele wazi okungenani ukuthi izinga lokushisa endaweni yokulala liyizinga eliphakeme lika-1-2 degrees kunezinga eliphansi, futhi ngaphezu kwezinga eliphansi lizinga eliphansi lika-2-3. Indawo ekhanyayo egumbini yi-sill window, ivela, futhi ibanda kakhulu, kodwa izithombo zidinga ukushisa.
Kodwa ungakwazi ukuhlela izithombo ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, eduze kwemvelo, endaweni efudumele yefulethini. Njengoba usukushisa ngo-26-28 ºC, i-pepper izohluma kakade ngosuku lweshumi nesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye. Ekushiseni kwama-20-26 ºC kuzokhuphuka phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-13 kuya kwezingu-17. Ngama-18-20 ºC - ezinsukwini ezingu-18-20. Ngama-14-15 ºC amahlumela azovela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-30.
Njengoba imbewu iqala ukuhluma, kuzodingeka idluliselwe eduze kokukhanya. Ukushisa kuyodingeka ukuthi kuhliswe ku-15 ºC izinsuku ezingu-7. Emva kwalokho uphakamise ku-23 ºC emini kanye no-20 ºC ebusuku.
Kubalulekile! Ventilate ekamelweni nge izithombo njalo, kodwa kwenze ngokucophelela. Izithombo ziyesaba umoya obandayo kanye nemidwebo eyengeziwe.
Indlela yokukhetha isikhathi sokutshala i-pepper ukuze izithombo zisebenzise ikhalenda yenyanga
Ukusebenzisa ikhalenda yokuhlwanyela, uzothola isikhathi esihle uma kungcono ukutshala izithombo ze-pepper. Uzofunda izinguquko zesigaba zenyanga, lapho ikhwalithi nobungako besitshalo kuxhomeke khona. Akufanele neze utshale izitshalo ngenyanga egcwele nenyanga.
Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nalezi zikhathi zonke ama-juice okunomsoco wezithombo aqoqwe noma engxenyeni engenhla noma egxile ohlelweni lwempande. Le nkambo yezenzakalo ivimbela isitshalo ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele.
Kodwa uma utshala pepper ngesikhathi sokunyuka kwenyanga, umsebenzi wokukhula kwawo uyoba ophakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokunciphisa.
Izinsuku ezithandekayo zokutshala i-pepper zezithombo ngoJanuwari zimi kanje: 5, 6, 7, 8, 30. Izinombolo ze-11 no-28 kuphela azikhuthazwa ukuthatha leli bhizinisi.
Izithombo ze pepper in Febhuwari iphephile kulezi zinamba - 14,16, 23. Kunezinsuku ezimbili ezingenakuhle - 11 no-26.
Ukutshala i-Pepper ku Mashi 4, 14, 20, 31 iyadingeka, futhi 12, 28 ayifuni.
Izinsuku ezithandekayo April - 9, 18, 27, 28, futhi engavumelekile - 11, 26.
Izinsuku ezithandekayo zokutshala upelepele zezithombo May okulandelayo - 8, 14, 24. Angathandeki - 11 no-25.
Ngaphakathi Juni umkhuba okungcono 2, 11, 20 futhi ukhohlwa 9, 24.
Izinsuku ezithandekayo Julayi - 3, 4, 26, 30, futhi engalungile - 9, 23.
Agasti uthanda 2, 22, 24, 28, futhi uqaphele 7 no-21.
Izinsuku ezithandekayo Septemba - 5, 23, 26, 27, engalungile - 6, 20.
Ngaphakathi Okthoba sihlwanyela i-pepper ezitsheni - 3, 4, 22, 30, asihlwanyeli - 5, 19.
Izinsuku ezihamba phambili Novemba - 2, 3, 19, 20, 30, kanye no - 4, 18.
Disemba okuhle 2, 20, 25, 29 futhi okungavumelekile kuphela 3 no-18 kuphela.
Uyazi? Izikhombisi zokuqala ezibhalwe kupelepele zitholakala eNdiya. Zibhalwe eSanskrit engaphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka angama-30 edlule. I-India ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-pepper, ngisho noma ikhula kwamanye amazwe asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Imigomo yokutshala izithombo ze-pepper, izincomo zokukhiqiza
Ukuze ukhule pepper, ukutshala ezitsheni okumelwe kwenzeke ngokwendlela yokubaluleka okubalulekile, akwanele ukusebenzisa ikhalenda yenyanga kuphela. 
Ukuze ukhule ngo-2017, kunamaphuzu amabili abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele:
- Izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezehlukene.
- Ingabe kuhlelwe ukwenza ukukhethwa? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuzoba izinsuku ezingaba ngu-10.
Indima ebalulekile idlala yizimo zezulu zendawo. Njengoba usuqalile usuku oluthile lokupeleta endaweni ehlala njalo, susa kule namba kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-85. Ngakho, usuku oluhle lokuhlwanyela pepper for izithombo.
Emva kwalokho, hlola futhi ngekhalenda yenyanga ye-2017. Ngakho ubala okuhle ukutshala ezinsukwini zasekhaya futhi esikhathini esizayo uzothola isivuno esihle.
Uyazi? Kanye pepper angakhokha izimpahla futhi abuyisele imali.
Izici zezithombo ezikhulayo zikapele: ukukhetha kokutshala izinto nokunakekela izithombo
Ungakhetha amapropele amnandi futhi ashisayo ngokusho kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene, okuyingxenye enkulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuzikhethela ukuthembela ezinkambisweni eziyisisekelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezisemqoka nezinhlamvu zempepha kumele zikhethwe ngokuqondene nezimo zezulu zendawo lapho zizokhula khona.
Eningizimu, abalimi abalinganiselwe ngokukhetha, ngoba lapho ungakwazi ukukhula izinhlobo ezilindelekile zezitshalo zemifino ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Enyakatho, unike isivuno esihle ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, ukuvuthwa kwamaviki angu-14-17.
Khumbula ukuthi kudingeka ukhethe kahle imbewu efanelekayo izithombo ezikhulayo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini engavimbelwe ngumsebenzi ongabongi, njengoba i-pepper ayikwazi ukukhiqiza isitshalo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Uma unezimo ezinganele zokuhluma izithombo ekhaya lakho, ungakhathazeki ukuthenga imbewu. Kungcono ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezikhungweni, ezitolo ezikhethekile noma emiphakathini yasensimu.
Phela, kukhona lapho ithuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthenga ngokuqondile lezo zinhlobonhlobo zepelepele oyifunayo, futhi uthole iseluleko sochwepheshe mayelana nezithombo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthenga imbewu noma izithombo ezindaweni ezinjalo, ngakho-ke kusale ukuhamba emakethe.
Uma uthenga izithombo, qaphela ukuthi amaqabunga ezitshalo ahlonywe ngokwanele, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akekho ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kanye namabala. Ngokuvamile, izithombo kufanele zibukeke ziqinile futhi zihlangene phezulu.
Uma ebuthakathaka futhi ehlupha, ungathathi ngisho nangemva kokuqinisekiswa kwabathengisi ukuthi emva kokufika kwakhe uzoduduzeka. Kuyinto engavamile ukuthi izitshalo zidayiswe emakethe ngesikhathi sokuqala zihle futhi ziphilile, futhi ngenxa yalokho umkhiqizo awukho.
Kungadlulela nge-nitrogen fertilizer, ukugqugquzela ukukhula noma inhibitors, ngokuphambene, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa. Lezi zimbali ezincane zikhula kahle, zithuthukile kahle futhi zinikeza isivuno esibi.
Ngeshwa, ukukhohlisa okunjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqaphela endaweni yokuthenga. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha imbewu ephaketheni kumkhiqizi othembekile futhi ukhule ngendlela ejwayelekile yezithombo ekhaya.
Kubalulekile! Thenga imbewu yezithombo zepelepele kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile. Futhi njalo ucele isitifiketi sekhwalithi yembewu ekhethiwe.
Yinquma ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwepilisi ofuna ukukhula: okubabayo noma okumnandi, ngoba izici zokulima kwazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Bala kusengaphambili kanye nenani yezithelo ezihlukahlukene ofuna ukuzophuma ekuphumeni.Buza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlamvu ezivimbela kakhulu izimo ezimbi, izifo nezinambuzane. Okokuqala khetha inhlanzi yezinhlobonhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu. Uma eminyakeni elandelayo ufisa ukuvuna kuphela imbewu yakho, kungcono ukuthenga pepper ehlukahlukene.
Kusuka kubo, ungakwazi ukuqoqa imbewu, okuyinto ngonyaka ozayo ngeke kudingeke ukuthenga futhi. Kuvela ukuthi uzozikhethela izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi uzozikhula iminyaka eminingana. Ungakhetha futhi i-pepper ngezimpawu zangaphandle. Izithelo ze-pepper enhle zinemibala emangalisayo yemibala nezinhlobo.
Uyazi? Igama pepper i-chili nakuba libizwa ngegama lesiRussia, elihambisana nesimo saseChile, livela egameni elithi "chilli" ezilimini zesi-Aztec iziNahuatl, okusho ukuthi "obomvu".
Ukuxuba inhlabathi ngezinhlamvu ze-pepper
Ukuhlwanyela i-pepper ezitshalweni kuhle kakhulu kwenziwe enhlabathini evulekile, enomsoco, oyinyumba nengathathi hlangothi, mhlawumbe i-acidic encane, enezinga le-pH lika-6-6.5. Ungathenga ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi okulungiselelwe ezitolo zekhethelo noma uzipheke ekhaya.
Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningana zokulungiselela inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-pepper.
Thatha umhlabathi umhlabathi, isanti kanye ne-top peat ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1. Ungalungisa izinga le-asidi yenhlabathi ngama-umquba omanyolo.
Inhlabathi yeSoddy, isihlabathi somfula kanye ne-humus ngokulinganisa 2: 1: 1.
I-Humus, i-peat nesihlabathi esihlanjulwe kahle ku-2: 2: 1. Ngemuva kokuba ingxube ihlule ngesihlungo.
I-Humus, inhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-turf ku-1: 2: 2. Hlanganisa bese ufaka engxenyeni ibhokisi lokufanisa le-potassium sulfate namabhokisi amabili we-superphosphate nge-10 kg yale nhlanganisela.
Noma yimaphi amaxube omhlabathi kufanele avezwe nge-disinfected ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Isixazululo esifanelekayo se-10% sama-manganese, esidinga ukuthulula inhlabathi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yepelepele yokuhlwanyela
Uma uthenge imbewu eboshwe ngaphambili, uma uhlwanyela i-pepper yezithombo, akufanele uzilungiselele. Njengoba zihlanganiswe ngxube yemifuno enezikhukhula zokukhula, ukuwafaka kungalimaza ukuvikelwa.
Imbewu ejwayelekile, ukuze inqamule, kufanele igcinwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ilungiselelwe ngalendlela elandelayo: I-1 g yesidakamizwa kufanele ihlanjululwe ku-100 ml wamanzi bese iphosa imbewu ye-pepper kuyo imizuzu engu-20.
Uma ukuqubuka kokudlulile kudlulile, faka imbewu ekugqugquzeleni ukukhula, okumele ilungiselelwe ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Noma ungawahambisa ngesisombululo samaminerali amaminerali amahora angu-5. Ngemva kwalokho, hlambulula imbewu ngamanzi ahlanzekile afudumele bese uhlwanyela unomanzi.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ukuqhuma kwezinhlamvu, lapho zifakwa khona esikhwameni se-gauze bese zifakwa emanzini, lapho umoya uqhutshwa khona yi-compressor. Ubude bale nqubo kuthatha amahora ama-5.
Kodwa ngokuvamile imbewu ihluma. Zifakwe emgodini we-gauze noma i-cloth, zifaka endaweni efudumele futhi zihlale zimanzi, zivimbela indwangu ukuba isuke. Kungcono ukubeka isikhwama sembewu kumasila bese uyifaka ngaphansi kwefilimu yokudla efanelekayo.
Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi ugcwalise imbewu ngamanzi, njengoba nayo idinga umoya-mpilo wokuhluma.
Le ndlela inikeza imiphumela emihle ekushiseni kwama-20-23 ºC. Kodwa imbewu eye yahluma, kunomphumela omkhulu - amahlumela angawaphula uma etshalwe.
Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusebenzisa indlela elula futhi ephephile yokuqala.
Ukuhlwanyela i-pepper yezithombo ekhaya futhi unakekele
Esinye sezici zokuhluma izithombo ze-pepper yisilondolozi eside ngemuva kokuthatha. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu kumabhodwe ngamanye noma izinkomishi ezine-10 cm nobubanzi obuyi-12 cm.
Uma kungenjalo kungenzeka, ungakhathazeki. Lungisa isitsha esikhulu ukuze kamuva kube lula ukutshala izithombo ngebhola elikhulu lobumba emabhodini. Ukujula kwebhokisi kufanele kube ngu-5-7 cm, futhi izinga lomhlabathi akufanele lifinyelele emaphethelweni amamitha amabili.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, qiniseka ukuthi usulalisa i-container kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zepelepele kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe nge-tweezers. Spread imbewu phezu kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngo-2 cm increments bese ucindezela. Hlanganisa nge-strainer bese ufafaza ungqimba lomhlabathi ongu-1 cm. Ukumboza ikhono ngefilimu noma ifilimu yeplastiki.
Ukuphuza izithombo zezitshalo
Izinsuku zokuqala zamahlumela we-pepper akufanele ziphuze. Uma umhlabathi uqala ukoma, bese ufafaza amanzi ngokucophelela kuwo kusuka kumshini wokufafaza. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwamaqabunga e-cotyledon, ukuchelela izithombo kumele kudluliselwe emanzini angamashumi amathathu-degree.
Ngemuva kokuthi izithombo zingaswakanyiswa ngamanzi ayenzileyo noma amanzi okupompi asele ekamelweni lokushisa amahora angu-24. Ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele ezitshalweni, njengoba i-pepper isabela ngokungathandeki esikhathini esomile.
Futhi akuvumelekile futhi umswakama owedlulele ohlelweni lwempande. Gcina u-70% womoya umswakama ekamelweni enezithombo bese ukhumbule ukuthi inhlabathi esitsheni esincane sinciphisa umswakama ngokushesha kunomunye omkhulu.
Ukuqokomisa izithombo ze-pepper
I-Pepper inesikhathi eside sokudla kunezinye izitshalo zemifino, ngakho-ke ngoFebruwari noma ku-March yizinyanga ezifanele kakhulu uma kudingeka ukuhlwanyela pepper.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amahora okukhanya emini aseseyifushane, kepha izithombo zidinga ukukhanyiswa nsuku zonke okungenani amahora angu-14 ngokulandelana.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlomisa imithombo eyengeziwe yokukhanya okufakelwayo. Uma kungenjalo, izithombo ziyokhula futhi zihlangane namaqabunga angavamile.
Ukumboza izithombo kusuka ngoFebruwari kuya ku-Mashi, kuthatha u-20,000 lux, lapho imvelo ingxenye yesine kuphela - i-lux engu-5,000 kuphela.
Ukuze uhlelo lwe-photosynthesis lwenzeke, imilayezo edingekayo yemisebe ekhanyayo iyadingeka: izenzo ezibomvu njenge-stimulator of germination germination and seedling blooming; usizo olubomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwakha amaseli; Imibala ephuzi nohlaza ayinamthelela ekwakheni izitshalo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-bulb e-incandescent ajwayelekile ayenangqondo ukuwasebenzisa ekuthuthukiseni izithombo ze-pepper. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, baphinde bakhiphe i-gamut ye-infrared, ephoqa izithombo bese iwadonsa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhanyisa okufakelwayo izibani zezibani noma izibani ze-LED, ezidalwe ngokuqondile kule njongo. Amandla okukhanyisa kufanele abe yi-200 W ngehora elilodwa lemikhiqizo yezitshalo.
Esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, i-backlight kufanele ifakwe endaweni ephakeme ye-20 cm ukusuka phezulu kwe-pepper, isikhathi kufanele sikhuliswe. Lapho kuqala isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwamacembe e-cotyledon, ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwezithombo, izithombo kufanele zime ngaphansi kwezibani amahora angu-72.
Uma nje amaqabunga okuqala wepelepele ekhula, unciphise ubude bosuku lokukhanya ngamahora angu-14. Uma ukuhlwanyela kwepelepele kwawela ngoFebhuwari, bese ukhanyisa izithombo kusukela ekuseni kuze kube yi-8 kusihlwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngo-Ephreli, ukukhanya kufanele kunikezwe kusukela ngo-6 ekuseni kuze kuhlwe futhi kusukela emahoreni angu-16 kuya ku-19.
Uyazi? Abanqobi abawunqobe ngisho naseMelika yaseMelika, bahlangana nabomdabu babomvu babomvu obomvu. Balwa "ubuso obukhanyayo" bawafafaza nge-ember ngenkathi umoya uqhuma ekuqondeni kwabahlaseli.
Ukudla izithombo zezitshalo
Ukuze uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo ze-pepper lukhule ngokushesha, kufanele ludliwe nge-potassium humate ngendlela engama-5 ml ngamabili amalitha amanzi.
Kuze kubekwe ukuhlelwa kwembali, izithombo ze-pepper zikhula kancane. Ngemuva kokukhula okuqhubekayo futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izithombo kufanele zifakwe umanyolo, zicebile ezakhiweni zokulandelela. I-recipe yayo ilula: ku-1 ilitha lamanzi achithe 1 g we-manganese sulphate no-1 g we-sulphate enefremu, u-0.2 g we-zinc sulphate no-0.2 g we-sulphate yethusi, i-1.7 g ye-boric acid.
Ukunamathisela izithombo ze-pepper
Kudingekile ukugcoba izithombo zasekhaya ze-pepper - susa amaphuzu okukhula okusanhlamvu. Le nqubo kufanele iqhutshwe ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande kanye nokukhula kwezinyathelo ezifundweni ze-internodes zokuhluma okumile kulezi zithombo, ngoba kuhlanganiswa ama-inflorescence engeziwe kuwo.
Ukunambitheka kwenziwa esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa okujulile kwepelepele. Susa ngezikali ingxenye yesitshalo esitholakala ngaphezu kwama-internodes angu-4-6. Lapho izingane zokutholwa ziqala ukukhula, zishintshe umthwalo wesihlahla, ushiye ama-5 ezinyathelweni ezincane kakhulu, futhi ususe konke okunye. Ungathinti i-stepon kuma-internodes aphansi.
Izithombo ze-Pepper zikhethwe
Uma i-pepper ikhula esitsheni esikhulu, bese isiteji sokubonakala kwamaqabunga amabili, izithombo kufanele zihanjiswe. Hlanganisa kahle umhlabathi bese uvumela amanzi angaphezu kwamanzi ukuba asuse. Dive izithombo zibe yiziqukathi ezihlukene eziyi-150 ml.
Ukudlulisa ngokucophelela izithombo kanye nebhola lomhlaba emigodini elungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kumele kube ngosayizi olunjalo ukuthi izitshalo zikwazi ukubekwa kalula kanye nesistimu yezimpande. Faka izimpande ngokukhululekile, ugweme ukugoba, ufafaze umgodi ngenhlabathi bese ucindezela kalula.
Ungajulisi i-collar yezimpande ze-seedling ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwesigamu centimitha. Emva kokufakelwa kabusha, khipha izithombo. Ekuqaleni, uyivikele ilanga eliqondile futhi uligcine elisezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-15 ºC. Kakade ukukhula kuka 13 ºC kwezitshalo.
