Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-coloni zihlukaniswa ngokukhangisa nokukhethekile kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezinjalo ziletha ukuvunwa okucebile, futhi njengoba izihlahla ezihlukahlukene ze-apula zikhulu kakhulu, ziyokwenza kalula izakhamuzi zasehlobo kungekuhle kuphela (ukunambitheka kungahle kube okuhlukile kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene), kodwa futhi kunezithelo ezinhle ezinemibala eminingi. Zonke izihlahla ze-apulasari (akunandaba ukuthi ukhethe izithombo kumbuthano ophakathi noma eSiberia) unesiqu esisodwa esiqondile, esingazungezwa yizithelo zesekwindla, ezigcwele izithelo ezinemibala. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinhlobonhlobo ze-apple-tree columnar ezihloselwe ukulima eSiberia, ngoba isimo sezulu kule ndawo sihluke kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, okusho ukuthi izitshalo lapha zikhula ngendlela engavamile.
Kolonovidnye apple: izinhlobo zeSiberia
Zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apulale zine-levelar zinezinga eliphakeme lokuqagela phambili. Ezinye zazo zingaqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala (isibonelo, uMaluha, Iksha, Barguzin, njll).
Kubalulekile! Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, akulungile ukushiya isivuno, ngoba uma umuthi unikeza wonke amandla ukwakha izithelo manje, ngonyaka ozayo ngeke ulindele isivuno. Ukuhluma okusebenzayo kwama-apple we-columnar akudluli iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi iningi lezinhlobonhlobo yizinhlobonhlobo zamasiko eziphakathi, eziqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela ngonyaka we-3-4 emva kokuya endaweni engapheli yokukhula. Ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwasekupheleni, izithelo zenziwa kuphela ngonyaka wesi-6 emva kokutshala.
Ngokuqondene nezihlahla ze-apulasite ezikhulile eSiberia, inani lezinhlobo zazo landa njalo ngonyaka. Ukuphila okujwayelekile kwezitshalo ezineziqhumane ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile akudluli iminyaka engu-12, futhi kuya ezinhlobonhlobo ezingcono kakhulu ngamazinga aphezulu obunzima bebusika kufanele afaka phakathi okunjalo: "I-Senator", "Ostankino", "Vasyugan", "uMongameli", "Ukunqotshwa", "I-Arbat", "Imali", "I-Dialogue", "i-Medoc", "i-Gene", "i-Chervonets", "i-Sparkling", " Renet Mazherova, Iksha, Elite nabanye. Izinga elikhuphuka lobunzima bebusika kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezibalwe lihlukaniswe yi "Iksha" (kufika ku -40 ° C), "Vasyugan", "uMengameli".Okuyingxenye yokutshala kwezihlahla ze-apulale e-Siberia
Kusukela isimo sezulu ezindaweni ezinzima kangaka kunzima ukubiza ngokuthi zijwayele ezindaweni eziningi zezwe, kanti ukukhula kwezihlahla zezithelo eSiberia kuyindaba ebalulekile futhi kudinga ukuthobela imithetho ethile yokutshala nokunakekelwa.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo zokutshala
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekutshalweni okuphumelelayo kwezihlahla ze-apple eSiberia ukukhethwa kwezithombo ezinhle, ezinamandla (okungcono kunonyaka owodwa ubudala).
Kuyoba ngcono uma uya esikhungweni segadini noma i-nursery yezinto zokutshala, njengokungathi ukuthenga izithombo emakethe noma kwezinye izindawo kunomthelela omkhulu wokuthenga izinhlobo zehlobo esikhundleni sekwindla.
Futhi, ungathengisa ikhophi yekhwalithi ephansi noma isiko elihlukile.
Ukuze ungaphutha ngokukhetha kwakho futhi uthenge izithombo eziphezulu kakhulu ze-apple ikholomu, sincoma ukuthi ulandele imithetho elandelayo:
- Thenga kuphela izinto zokutshala ngetekisi ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezibekiwe nezinhlobo zezitshalo (ungafaka ngokungeziwe ukuthi umthengisi isiqiniseko esibhaliwe sokuklanywa kwesithombo, isikhathi saso sokubuthwa, ubunzima bebusika, ukuphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane, njll).
- Naka uhlobo lwenqubo yezimpande (evulekile noma evaliwe). Uma uthenga izithombo ngqo ku-nursery, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo kwisistimu yezimpande ezivaliwe. Izinto zokutshala ezinjalo zikhona impilo engaphezulu kwelanga ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini, kanye nephesenti eliphezulu lokusinda lapho lifakwa endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula. Futhi unake isitsha ngokwalo: udinga ukunquma ukuthi isitsha sokuthi sivunwe sakhula kuso kusukela ekuqaleni noma sasungiswa singene esitsheni ngaphambi kokudayiswa. Esikhathini esilandelayo, i-apula izosuswa kalula kulesi sitsha, futhi ngekhono eliphezulu ngeke likwazi ukugxila endaweni entsha.
Uma ufika ekamelweni lokuhlalisa isitshalo, cela ukuba bakuthele isitshalo esikhethiwe nawe, ngokuyihlola ngokucophelela. Ukupakishwa kwe-apple ye-columnar akufanele kube nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini emmpandeni noma ugobe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukutshala nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kwalesi sitshalo ngeke kube nomphumela olindelekile, futhi akunandaba ukuthi useSiberia noma esifundeni eseningizimu.- Uma lesi sitshalo sihlanganisiwe, sihlole ngokucophelela (i-fragility ye-rootstock kanye ne-scion ingabangela umonakalo kumbuthano). Isitoreji sifanele ukunakwa okukhethekile.
- Uma ngokubonakala kwe-sapling kubonakala ukuthi bekulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukudayiswa, ke qiniseka ukuthi uhlola uhlelo lwempande. Izimpande ezinhle zokutshala kumele zibe namandla, ziphephe amandla futhi zingabi namagundane. Lapho ususa amagxolo emmpandeni, indwangu ngaphansi kwayo kufanele ibe yinto enhle futhi emhlophe. Akufanele kube khona uphawu lokumisa emagqabeni asitshalo.
- Kuzo izithombo zonyaka, okumele zikhethwe, azikho amagatsha angaphandle. Isiqu sabo ngokuvamile siyi-6-7 cm ubude, futhi kukhona okungenani ama-5-6 efihlekile kuwo.
Uma ufika ekamelweni lokuhlalisa isitshalo, cela ukuba bakuthele isitshalo esikhethiwe nawe, ngokuyihlola ngokucophelela. Ukupakishwa kwe-apple ye-columnar akufanele kube nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini emmpandeni noma ugobe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukutshala nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kwalesi sitshalo ngeke kube nomphumela olindelekile, futhi akunandaba ukuthi useSiberia noma esifundeni eseningizimu.Kubalulekile! Uma uthutha impahla yokutshala endaweni yesayithi nokufika kuze kufike ukutshala, izimpande zesitshalo kumele zihlale zimanzi njalo. Ukwenza lokhu, bahlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzini nefilimu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, unciphise izithombo nge-rhizome ebhakedini nge-stimulator yezimpande, okushiya ebusuku.
Ukukhetha indawo ensimini yaseSiberia
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ze-apula e-columnar eSiberia nakwezinye izindawo zezwe zidinga ukudala izimo ezithile zokukhula kwazo. 
Nokho, okokuqala, kufanele ukhethe indawo efanele yokutshala izithombo. Njengoba bonke abamele umuthi we-apula walolu hlobo banesimiso sezintambo ezibuthakathaka, kunengqondo lokho izizathu ezivundile ezinomthamo omkhulu wokumswakama kanye nezinga elihle lamanzi kanye nomoya wokuphelela kuzoba kuhle ukutshala.
Emhlabathini owomile wobumba emgodini wokugibela kudinga isendlalelo esihle samanzi. Ukwakha insimu yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apulale, kungcono ukhethe izindawo ezinamazinga aphakeme angaphansi komhlaba (okungenani amamitha amabili ukusuka emhlabathini).
Izihlahla ze-apula ezinemiqhele angeke zikhule futhi zithuthuke kahle emthunzini futhi ziqhume umoya oqinile, okusho ukuthi indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ilangeni futhi ivikelwe emikhawulweni yemimoya ekhona.
Indlela yokutshala i-apple ikholomu eSiberia: uhlelo lwezobuchwepheshe nokutshala
Lapho uhlwanyela izihlahla ze-apula eSiberia, inqubo yokutshala ngokwayo nokunakekelwa okulandelayo ihluke kakhulu ezinyathelweni ezifanayo ezindaweni ezifudumayo zezulu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zihlahla zama-apula kunoma yikuphi okwenzekayo azithathi isikhala esikhulu, futhi zatshalwe kude no-40 cm, zigcina okungenani imitha yesikhala samahhala phakathi kwemigqa. 
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, kungcono ukufika ngokufika kwentwasahlobo., ngoba ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla kwe-sapling kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke nje asinde ebusika obunzima. Ngokuqondene nomgodi wokutshala uqobo, ulungiselelwe kusukela ekuwa, ukhetha usayizi, ngokususelwa ngobukhulu be-rhizome yezithombo (zonke izimpande kufanele zifakwe ngokukhululekile kuwo, ngaphandle kwamakhanki nokuchoboza).
Ngaphansi komgodi kubalulekile ukufaka umanyolo ngesimo samandla amaningana ama humus noma umquba. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi imithombo yamaminerali okwamanje, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwe-apula lubuthakathaka kangangokuthi alukwazi ukubhekana nalo, futhi imbewu izofa.
Ekulungiseleleni ekwindla komgodi, ungasebenzisa umquba we-phosphorus-potassium, kuphela kulokhu umthamo kufanele ube ngaphansi kwezingu-10. Inani elilinganayo lomanyolo lingatholakala kumilayezo yephakheji. Ngokwesilinganiso, esinye isihlahla esincane sinamapayipi amabili okubunjwa. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngezinzuzo ze-peat ezifakwe emgodini wokutshala noma ama-humus uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-apple yakho ye-columnar idingeke ikhule emhlabathini owomile kakhulu.
Ngokushesha nje lapho isiteji sokulungiselela siqediwe ngempumelelo, futhi sithola ukufudumala emgwaqweni, ungaqhubeka nokutshala ngqo komuthi we-apula othela imbewu emhlabathini. Izitshalo ze-agrotechnology zilula, nakuba kusekhona amanye amaphuzu angafanele akhohlwe.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula, qiniseka ukuthi izimpande zezithombo azomisiwe. Uma kungenjalo, i-rhizome kufanele ifakwe emanzini amahora angu-10. Le nqubo ibuye yenzeke lapho kwenzeka ukuthi amagxolo e-seedling aphikisiwe. Uma konke kuvamile, khona-ke isithombo sifakwa emgodini olungiselelwe, izimpande ziqondiswe futhi ziboshwe emgodleni oqhutshwa phakathi, ngemuva kwalokho ungaqala ukugcwalisa umgodi.
Kunezinhlayiya eziningana eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe hhayi kuphela lapho zikhetha izithombo ze-apula, kodwa nalapho zihlwanyela nokukhathalela okunye, ikakhulukazi eSiberia. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusika izimpande zesithombo ngaphambi kokukufaka emgodini wokutshala. Le nqubo izosiza isitshalo ukuthi sihlale ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Uma isithombo singekho emgodini bese ulungisa izimpande ngokucophelela, ufafaza i-rhizome ngenhlabathi futhi ulula kancane ukuze kungabikho ama-voids ezungeze isitshalo, bese uthele amanzi amaningi kuso. Okulandelayo, udinga ukulinganisa umhlabathi (gcwalisa umgodi, ushiye intamo yentambo yomuthi we-apula ngenhla) uphinde uhlasele isihlahla somuthi ngotshani, okuzosiza ukugcina umswakama ube ngcono.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokutshala i-apple ikholomu, ukuchelela okuningi kubaluleke kakhulu, okwenziwa kuze kufike ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, uma ukutshala kwesihlahla kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqala sezulu, ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini kufanele kunciphise noma kuqedwe ngokuphelele.Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi uhambelane nephethini ethile yokubekwa kwazo, ngokusho ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwamapulangwe afanele akufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-1 m. Inani lezitshalo eziholelekile kuxhomeke ekunembile kokulandela lo mthetho.
Kubalulekile ukufeza inqubo yokutshala izihlahla ze-apple ezinama-apula ngokucophelela, ukulimala okunye emithonjeni yempande kuyoba nethonya elibi ekusebenzeni komuthi.Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-apple e-Siberia
Sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla zama-apula ezitshala eSiberia nokuthi zingakwenza kanjani ngendlela efanele, isalokhu ukucacisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwabo. Kunezidingo eziningana eziyisisekelo zokunisela, ukupha, ukusika izihlahla, kanye nenqubo yokulawula izinambuzane nezifo zayo.
Indlela yokuphuza izitshalo zezithelo
I-juiciness ye-pulp yesithelo somuthi ikakhulukazi inqunywa izinga lokuchelela, ngakho-ke uma unakekela izihlahla ze-apula (hhayi kuphela eSiberia, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo), kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuthi uthola umswakama okwanele ngesikhathi sokukhula. Uma wenza ukuchelela ngabanye, kungcono ukwakha izinhlangothi eziphansi (ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-2 cm) ezizosiza ukugcina umswakama.
Yonke imithi yamapula kufanele ibe namabhakede amabili amanzi okungenani, emva kokusebenzisa inhlabathi emcimbini womuthi kufanele ihlanganiswe utshani obomile. Isidingo sokwenza ukuchelela esilandelayo sinqunywa ngokujula komhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, uma inhlabathi inesikhathi sokuma 4-5 cm ejulile, kusho ukuthi isitshalo sidinga enye ingxenye yomswakama.
Uma uhlelo lokunisela lusetshenziselwa ukuchelela, inqubo yenziwa phakathi kwemigqa. Esikhathini esomile, ama-apula okhompiyutha aphendule kahle ekunisela, okwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Emhlabathini olula, ukuchelela kwenziwa cishe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Apple
Ukudla kokuqala Izihlahla ze-apulazi ze-Colonoid zenziwa lapho zihlwanyela imbewu, lapho umanyolo ohlanganiswe nomhlabathi abekwe phansi emgodini. Lapho kufika ihlobo, cishe inyanga ngemva kokutshala umuthi omncane, izitshalo zondliwa futhi, besebenzisa isisombululo se-urea (50 g wezinto kufanele zithathwe ibhakede lamanzi), kanti lesi sitshalo sinisela emthonjeni.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abathandeki basebenzisa amalitha angaphezu kwamalitha athuluzi elinjalo kwisitshalo ngasinye, futhi emva kokufaka umquba kubalulekile ukuphuzisa ngokushesha.Ukudla kwesibili sebenzisa amasonto amabili emva kokuqala, kanti okwesithathu, ngokulandelana, amasonto amabili ngemuva kwalokho. Isixazululo esisodwa kuphela se-urea singasetshenziswa njengomanyolo, ngoba lo manyolo uyoba ngaphezu kokwanela okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.
Izici zihlahla izihlahla ze-Apple eSiberia
Izihlahla ze-apula eSiberia yisinye isici esibalulekile ekunakekeleni izitshalo ezinjalo. Ngokucabangela isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele somqhele walezi apula, cishe akudingi ukusika izihlahla, futhi abalimi abaningi bavame ukusika amagatsha okufa nokulimala (abathintekayo izinambuzane noma amaqhwa). Uma umuthi we-apula ugcwele amahlumela amancane, kungcono ukuwasika, usebenzisa izingxenye ezengeziwe zokuhlanganisa amahlumela amasha. 
Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi yikuphi lapho eSiberia kudingekile ukucwenga izihlahla ze-apple (ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo), kodwa uma kuhlalwa izinhlobo zeziloni ezifundeni ezinzima lapho kuhlale khona ingozi yeziqongo ezibandayo zamatshe, azigcini nje ngokunciphisa, kodwa ziyosiza ekuphunyeni okulandelayo okuqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi nje kuphela amahlumela athuthukile kakhulu, i-trunk ye-apula iyoba eyodwa kuphela. Ukuguqula amahlumela kukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha uzoqala ukuthela izithelo kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwesihlahla, lesi sihlahla se-apula siyokhula iminyaka engaba ngu-20, sikujabulele ngokuvuna okucebile, futhi kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula.Naphezu kokuthi uma ukhulile eSiberia, ingxenye enkulu yomqhele izofa ngaso sonke isikhathi, isihlahla sama-apula ngokwawo sikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwayo emva kokusika izihlahla ezifanele.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo ze-apple ye-columnar
Njengezinye izinhlobo zemithi ye-apula, izihlahla ze-columnar azikwazi ukulwa nezilokazane eziwodwa, yingakho abalimi kufanele bafeze umqhele ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ngisho nalapho ukulimala kwezinambuzane kungenamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungayiqapheli ukuthi izinhlobo ze-columnar zinezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nezinambuzane nezifo, ngakho-ke, kulula ukubhekana nazo kunalokho uma kukhula izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezihlahla zezithelo.
Eminyakeni ye-epiphytotic, ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezinambuzane ze-efihlekile, ama-aphid kanye ne-tsvetoedov kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisitshalo. Ukuvikeleka ngalesi sifo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezifanayo njengamasimu okujwayelekile ase-apula: ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile, ukuqoqwa nokushiswa kwamagatsha namagatsha asele ngemuva kwebusika, njll.
Izihlahla ze-aponoid nama-apple plant (isibonelo, i-lemon balm, i-dill, i-marigold noma i-calendula) zivikela kahle, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukutshala kwazo ngeke nje kusize ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa futhi kusize ukuhlobisa insimu.
Indlela yokuvikela i-apula ngesihlahla
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izihlahla ze-apple ezingabanjwanga yini ebandayo eSiberia ozihlanyele esitebeleni sakho, ikakhulukazi ubusika obunamaqabunga, kukhona amathuba okuqhwaza kwehlumela phezulu phezulu kwehlumela eliphakathi.
Ukuze uvimbele le nkathazo, umuthi wesipuli uhlanganiswa phezulu ngezingqimba eziningana zesaka, indwangu yesigunci noma noma yimuphi omunye izinto ezivikelayo.
Lapho kufika ubusika, amagundane namaqanda angase aqale engadini yakho, ejwayele ukugunda imifino yezihlahla. Ungakwazi ukuvikela izihlahla zakho ze-apulasamu ngokuzifaka nje isiqu nge-net-rabbit, u-prikopav emhlabathini ngo-2-3 cm (kuphela ngokucophelela, ukuze ungalimazi impande).
Ngemuva kweqhwa ngalinye, qinisa kahle iqhwa elizungeze isiqu somuthi, okuzosiza nokuvimba indlela yamagundane.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba amagxolo e-apple e-columnar ehluleka kakhulu, ke-ke, ukunyathelisa iqhwa, zama ukuxhomeka phezulu ngobuningi, njengoba ungalimaza izimpande.Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokutshala nokuqhubeka nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-columnar apula ezindaweni ezibukhali zaseSiberia kuyahluka kakhulu ekutshalweni kwazo ezindaweni ezifudumayo zezulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sinakwa futhi sinamathela ngokuqinile kuzo zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical.
