I-Septoria

Indlela yokuvikela i-sunflower ezifweni

Izifo zika-sunflower, kanye nezinambuzane, zibangela umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni. Ngenxa yezifo ze-sunflower, isivuno sinciphisa izikhathi eziningana noma ukuhlwanyela konke kungashona. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oluzosiza ukuhlukanisa izifo eziyinhloko ze-sunflower futhi wazi ukuthi izinyathelo zokulwa nazo zibalulekile uma ukhula imbewu ye-sunflower.

Kubalulekile! Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezilimazayo zika-sunflower ziyi-powdery mildew (ikakhulukazi izithombo), i-broomrape, i-fomoz.

Indlela yokuphulukisa i-sunflower kusuka ekuboleni kwegrey

I-gray stem stem - yilapho isiqu se-sunflower sisuka ngokuphelele ukusuka phansi kuze kube phezulu. Lesi sifo singenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa - kusukela ekuhlumeni kancane ukuze kubhekiswe i-sunflower. Ubuningi bubangelwa ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, njengoba lesi sifo sibheka, futhi cishe zonke izifungi (kodwa kukhona okuhlukile) zithanda umswakama. Ngokubola kwegrey, isiqu sigcwele ukuqhakaza okuphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, okugcina ekugcineni kube mnyama, bese kuthi-ke ama-sclerotia (izindawo ezinomdanso) wombala omnyama avela phezulu. Kulesi simo, amaqabunga aphansi angomile esitsheni, kanti abaphezulu baqala ukufuna.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-mycosis esigabeni sokuvuna kudlulela ku-cap futhi kubonakala ngokucwiliswa kwamafutha kanye nokufiphala okumnyama ebhasikisini, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-8-12 i-sclerotia itholakala kule mbewu. Ukulawula izinyathelo ngokumelene nokubola: ukulondoloza ukujikeleza kwezitshalo nokuvimbela ukulimala ngokugqoka ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, isibonelo, nge-TMTD ekugxilweni kuka-80%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic kwezitshalo emva kokuhluma nangaphambi kokuvuthwa kwenziwa ngezinhlanganisela ezilandelayo: i-Vesuvius, i-Glyphos super, i-Dominator, i-Clinic Duo, iStoptopol, njll.

Ukwelashwa okubomvu okubomvu ku-sunflower

I-sunflower igula kuso kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula. Lesi sifo sibonakala ekwakheni i-plaque emhlophe efana nekotini efana nekotini noma ehlanjululwayo engxenyeni engezansi ye-stem kanye nezimpande, izindawo ezithintekile zibe yibala elibomvu.

Isiqu esisempandeni siyancipha, siphume, amahlamvu aphela, i-sunflower ifa. Kodwa kungathinta kuphela isiqu ngaphandle kwezimpande - kulesi simo, ukubola okubomvu kuphawulwe engxenyeni ephakathi kwesiqu, esivela phakathi. Ifomu elivame kakhulu lokubola omhlophe ngukuthi lesi sifo siqala esigabeni sokuvuthwa se-sunflower. Khona-ke ama-brown patches akhiwa ebhasikidi, ehlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okwe-cotton-like bloom nokubunjwa kwe-sclerotia. Futhi esikhathini esilandelayo, imbewu iphuma futhi esikhundleni sebhasikidi kunezinhlobo ze-putrid ngendlela yezintambo.

Ukwelashwa akukwenziwa, izitshalo ezithintekile zibhujiswa. Futhi isilinganiso esiphumelele kakhulu sokulwa nokubola okumhlophe - ukuvimbela kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical zokutshala i-sunflower, imbewu yokugqoka ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokupunika njengoba izitshalo zikhula nezinhlamvu ezifanayo njengokubola kwegrey kuyabonakala.

Izindlela zokwelapha i-broomrape ku-sunflower

Ukusabalala kwe-sunflower (phezulu) kuyisisindo sokukhula kokhula kwezitshalo, ngenxa yalokho ama-parasite-ukhula lubhubhisa ubhekilanga, lukhipha izakhi kanye nomswakama kuwo.

Lesi sifo se-sunflower, njenge-broomrape, sibonakala ngokuhluma kwezitshalo ezikhulayo ezimpandeni ze-sunflower kanye nokubonakala kwe-haustoria - izinqubo ngendlela yezintambo ezithatha esitshalweni bese zidla esikhundleni sezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo ezihloselwe yona. Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-broomrape - ukutshala izitshalo eduze kwe-sunflower ezingenandaba nokutshala utshani - ummbila, ubhontshisi, i-flax nokuhlwanyela izinhlobo ze-sunflower eziphikisana nokhula oluthile. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema izifo ezimpandeni zika-sunflower.

Uyazi? Izinhlobo ze-Arakar, i-Belgrade, i-Jazi, i-Dniester, i-Emperor, i-Leila, i-Neom, i-Sanay, i-Tristan, i-Fragment, i-Khortytsia inqabile kakhulu ukuxubha.

Futhi isilinganiso esiphuthumayo ngokumelene ne-broomrape yi-flyom of phytomiza, izibungu ezidla imbewu ye-broomrape futhi ekhishwe ngokuqondile esigabeni sokuqhakaza sezinambuzane zokhula.

I-Downy isikhutha

I-sunflower isikhutha, i-agent causative ye-fungus, ayikho ngempela evame ukuthelela isitshalo. Okuvamile kakhulu i-powdery powdery isikhutha se-sunflower, esicashunwa yi-fungi. Lesi sifo senzeke kokubili kokuqala nokuphuthumayo izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-sunflower. Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi yisikhathi samapayipi angu-2-4 ekuthuthukiseni amaqabunga eqiniso esitshalo, kanti lezi zimpawu ziyoba kanje: isiqu sagcwele ubude obuningi ngamagqabi asonakele, ohlangothini olungezansi lapho kutholakala khona umbala omhlophe omhlophe, futhi ohlangothini olungenhla kungase kube ne-scrape eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izitshalo ezincane zifa, noma zakha amabhasikisithi angenayo i-seedless. Esikhathini esiphezulu kunamabala amhlophe emaqabungeni angaphansi futhi enombala obomvu phezulu, isiqu sokungena ngaphakathi si-beige-brownish (esikhundleni semhlophe), kungekho ukuqina okubonakalayo kwesithombo kanye nezilonda zamabhasikidi.

Uyazi? Imvula isimo sezulu, ngokushesha nangokwanda okukhulu kwe-powdery isikhutha, i-agent causative ethanda umswakama futhi ngokushesha idala izingxabano ezintsha. I-sunflower ithinteka ngokushesha ngokushesha uma izinga lokushisa lomoya libuyele ku-16-17 ° C.

Akukho ukwelashwa okunjalo. Uma i-sunflower ingabuyiselwa ngokugcwele, i-agrofungicides - i-Alpha standard, i-Amistar-extra, i-Dezal, i-Derozal, i-Carbezim, i-Ultrasil-duo, i-Efatol, esetshenziselwa isikhumba se-powdery - iyovimba kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mycosis. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela lapho uhlwanyela imbewu (ukwelashwa kwe-fungal) futhi usebenzise izinhlobo ze-sunflower ngokumelana nokunyuka kwe-agent causative of mildy mildew.

Indlela yokwelapha i-sunflower kusuka e-fomoz

I-fomoz ye-sunflower nayo isifo se-mycotic, esibonakala ukubonakala kwezindawo ezibomvu nezinombala ezimnyama ezinezingubo eziphuzi emaqabunga. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka esiteji sama-3-5 amaqabunga amaqabunga eqiniso, kodwa isitshalo singagula kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula.

Ngemva kwalokho, iqabunga lonke liyabathinteka, ligcwele futhi lidlulile, futhi ukunqotshwa kuya e-stem. Ekuqaleni, izingxenye zesitshalo zithintekile ezindaweni lapho amaqabunga ahlanganiswa khona, bese amabala ekhula, ahlangane, futhi sonke isiqu siba nsundu noma sibomvu. Khona-ke lesi sifo sithuthela ebhasikisini, sithinta izicubu zalo kanye nembewu.

Izinyathelo zokulwa ne-fomoz - ukuphalaza nge-fungicides esebenzayo ngenkathi yokukhula (Impact-K, Derozal, njll), ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekushintsheni kwezitshalo kanye nezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical, ngokucabangela izitshalo zangaphambili.

Uyazi? Ihlobo elishisayo linciphisa amathuba okulimala kwe-sunflower nge-fomoz. I-pathogen ilahlekelwa ikhono lokuphindaphinda emazingeni okushisa ngaphezu kuka-31 ° C.

I-fomopsis i-sunflower

I-Sunflower Fomopsis noma i-Gray Spotting - Ukutheleleka kwamafucu amaqabunga, iziqu, amabhasikidi kanye nembewu yezitshalo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngamachashaza ase-brown-silvery e-putrefactive emaqabungeni nama-stalks we-sunflower. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amaqabunga ezitshalo asomile, aphike futhi aphephe, kanye neziqu ezindaweni zokubola. Ngokunqotshwa kwamabhasikethi, imbewu iyinhlamba futhi iyinxenye engenalutho.

Ukulwa ne-fomopsis - ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu ngefungicide ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokusetshenzwa kwe-sunflower emkhakheni wesiteji sesitshalo (amalungiselelo afana nefomose).

Bacteriosis wilt

Lesi yisifo se-sunterlabhaktheriya esingakhula nganoma yisiphi isigaba sonyaka okhulayo, futhi kuye ngokuthi isigaba sokukhula, izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zomonakalo zizovela. Ngesiteji sama-3-5 amaqabunga amaqabunga, isitshalo sinyanyiswe kancane, sisontekile futhi sithatha uhlobo olumile lwamavi, futhi amaqabunga aphendulela obomvu, omile futhi aphelile. Isilonda esiqeshini esilandelayo sibonakala ngenhla ebomvu esomile yesigamu - kusukela ebhasikisini kanye no-10-12 cm phansi, futhi impande yayo iyaphuka kancane kancane, njengoba iba yinto engacacile. Umgogodla oyinhloko unemibala enombala onesihlabathi. Ibhasikidi ngokwayo iyancipha, ipholile, kuyilapho amahlamvu ehlala ejwayelekile, eluhlaza futhi engenazo izimpawu zokubilisa.

Izinyathelo zokulwa ne-bacteriosis ziyaqina kanje: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezitshalo kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zezitshalo ezithintekile kuphulwa futhi kushiswa.

Kubalulekile! I-sunflower esithathelwanayo ishaya cishe amamitha angu-4-5 ezungeze izitshalo ezinempilo. Burn ngokushesha - ensimini, ngaphandle kwensimu, sunflower evuswe akuvunyelwe ukuphuma, ngoba bacteriosis kungathinta ezinye izitshalo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-septoria

I-septoria noma i-sunflower enombala obomvu i-mycosis engakhula ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula. Ngokunqotshwa kwalesi sikhunta kubonakala ngephuzi eliphuzile, bese kufaka amabala anombala obomvu emaqabungeni, ejikelezwe ngokuhlunga okuluhlaza-oluhlaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaqabunga abathintekayo ahlanganiswe amachashazi amnyama nezimbobo - izindawo ezomile ziphuma kancane.

Ukulwa no-septoria ukuvimbela lesi sifo, okungukuthi ukuphalaza kwe-sunflower ngesikhathi sokukhula nge-agrofungicides (Acanto plus, njll), ukuvunwa kwekwindla kwezinsalela zezitshalo nokuhlonipha ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.

Amabala amnyama ku-sunflower

Indawo emnyama noma i-embelisia - ukutheleleka kwamafayalini amaqabunga amaqabunga amahlamvu, amaqabunga nezikhathi ezithile. Izitshalo ezincane ngokuvamile zithinteka esigabeni samaqabunga angu-2-5, kodwa ama-sunflowers asevuthiwe kakade nawo ayagula. Lesi sifo sithathelwana, futhi uma sitholakala kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwesinye isikhathi kuqaliswa. Izimpawu ze-embelisia: ama-black and / noma amnyama amabala omnyama noma ama-elliptical ama-stroke amnyama (imivimbo), ehamba kuqala emaphethelweni amaqabunga bese eya phakathi, futhi ukuchohloka kwe-necrotic kufaka esihlahleni ezindaweni.

Ukulwa nokumnyama kuyindlela yokwelapha imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukuhambisana nemikhuba yezolimo nokujikeleza kwezitshalo ze-sunflower.

I-Sunflower altenaria

Isifo se-Fungal of sunflower, esibonakala ukunqotshwa kwamahlamvu, iziqu, amabhasikidi. Kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-sunflower kubonakala sengathi i-brown-graphite enezinhlamvu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usayizi ohlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala kuluhlaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunombala ompunga noma omnyama. Ukulwa no-altenariosis - ukwelashwa nge-agrofungicides esigabeni sokukhula sezitshalo ze-sunflower kanye nenhlonipho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.

Dry basket basket

Lesi sifo sefungal of amabhasikidi we-sunflower. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokubola okomile - okubomvu nokubomvu, ngokulandelanayo, ngombala wesikhunta. Ukubola nokubola okubomvu nokubomvu kwenzeka, njengombuso, ekuqaleni noma phakathi kwe-sunflower yokuvuthwa. Lapho ukubola okubomvu kubhasikidi, izindawo ezinsundu zanciphisa kusuka ngezansi kodwa zivela phezulu zivela phezulu. Imbewu enezinsizakalo ezingakaze zakhiwe, ezinamathele futhi ezinamathele, zingahle ziphume ebhodini. Ngokubola okubomvu, konke kuyafana, kuphela izilonda ziqala emzimbeni ngokwazo futhi zingena ngaphakathi ebhasikisini, futhi umbala wamachashaza uqala ukukhanya bese ubomvana.

Izinyathelo zokulawula ngokubola: ukugcinwa ngokuqinile kwemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukugqoka imbewu, ukufafaza insimu ngamafungicides njengoba izitshalo zikhula.

Ukuvikelwa okungenakunqunywa kwe-sunflower ezifweni kufanele kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kokubili kulula futhi eshibhile kunoma iyiphi ipulazi.