Isifo se-lawn

Utshani botshwala buqala ukulimala uma bunakekelwa ngokungafanele. Ukungavikeleki kwakhe kungahle kube buthaka ngenxa yezimo zesimo sezulu ezingalungile kanye nokulimala kwemishini. Amaphutha enziwa lapho kukhethwa ingxube yotshani futhi kuzophazamisa ukubukeka kotshani obuluhlaza.

Ukubona isici esenze umfutho ekwandeni kwalesi sifo, kufanele kubonakale ama-nuances alandelayo:

• utshani obunotshani bukhuthazelela izifo ezifanayo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene;
• Phakathi kwamagciwane athelelekayo, isikhunta siyahola. Zingakwazi ukuhlakulela endaweni enomkhawulo noma zisakazeke ngokushesha, zandise indawo ethintekile.

Anthracnose

Izitshalo ezinjenge-bluegrass yonyaka kanye notshani bensimu zitholakala kakhulu kulokhu kugula. Lesi sifo siqala ukuthuthuka ngemuva kwanoma isiphi isici sokucindezela, isibonelo, ukucindezela ngokweqile otshanini, ukushisa, ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye noketshezi olunganele.

Engxenyeni eyisisekelo yesiqu namaqabunga amaqabunga kuvela amabala obomvu, ophuzi kanye ne-bronze.

Kamuva, le ndawo ethintekile ifinyelela ezimpandeni ezisencane nasendaweni yokulima. Izindawo ezithintekile utshani zishintsha ngokuphelele umbala.

Isikhunta ubusika ezitshalweni ezinesifo. Ukwenza kusebenze kwabo kwenzeka ngomswakama ophezulu. Ukuntuleka kokuvimbela kungayonakalisa izitshalo ezinempilo. Kuyadingeka ukusika ukhaphethi oluhlaza okotshani, ukugqoka okungaphezulu, ukulawula ukuthambisa.

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwenzeka, i-lawn iphathwa ngezidakamizwa ezibandakanya izinto ezinjenge-pyraclostrobin, ipropiconazole, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin.

I-Fusarium

Lesi sifo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isikhunta seqhwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaqabunga ezitshalweni ezithintekile ambozwe ngamabala e-orange kanye ansundu ahlanganiswe yi-mycelium enemibala ekhanyayo. Utshani botshani buba manzi nge-mucus.

I-Fusariosis ithathwa njengesinye sezifo ezinolaka kakhulu. Izinga lomonakalo lincike ngqo ezimfanelweni ezihlukile zesiko elikhethiwe kanye nokunakekelwa okuyilo kwalo. Lesi sifo singabangelwa ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-nitrogen, izimo ze-alkali.

Uhlu lwezindlela zokuthintela ezisebenzayo luningi kakhulu, phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• uhlelo lwamadonsa olwenzelwe kahle;
• aeration ngesikhathi;
• ukuvuna ukusika utshani notshani bazizwa;
• ukwenqaba ukukhawulelwa kokufakwa komquba kanye nomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen;
• sanding yenhlabathi eminyene.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhunta.

I-Rhizoctonia

I-Rhizoctonia ngokuhlukile kwezinye izifo iyivelakancane. Ukhunta luhlasela amahlumela amancane, okungaholela ekufeni kwalo lonke utshani. Umenzeli we-causative usesimweni esisebenzayo kuyo yonke inkathi yezitshalo. Kuyingozi kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinjengeFestuca neAgrostis.

Isikhunta singena ekhaya kanye nembewu ethelelekile.

Ukukhula ngokushesha kwesikhunta kunomthelela ekuntuleni kwe-magnesium ne-potassium ekuqoqweni okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-nitrogen.

Ukuvikela izitshalo ezinempilo ekuthelelekeni nge-rhizoctonia, imbewu kumele iphathwe ngaphambi kokutshala. I-Rhizoctonia, ukubonwa kweDollar

Ukubuka amadola

Izimpawu ezikhomba ukuvela kwalesi sifo zingabonakala ezifundeni ezithile, nasezindlini zokunakekelwa okunamandla. Engcupheni kukhula kancane okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, okufana nefashoni. Le lesion ifana neFusarium, kepha isici esiyingqayizivele sokubona amadola yizindawo eziyindilinga, ububanzi bawo abudluli kuma-50 mm.

Lapho lesi sifo siqhubeka, utshani ngaphakathi kwabo buqala ukoma, ngenxa yalokho buthola i-hue yotshani. Ukubona indawo ngedollar kuvame ukuhambisana nefilimu ebomvu. Uhlu lwezindlela zokuthintela ezisebenzayo zifaka:

• ukuphahlazeka okufika ngesikhathi, ukusizwa kwendiza, ukushushuluza;
• umsoco wezitshalo olinganiselayo. Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen esemhlabathini.

Ama-fungicides alwa nalesi sifo.

Ukubuka kweqabunga

Ukubuka amaqabunga (i-heterosporosis) kungakhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Umbala, ukwakheka nosayizi wezindawo kungahluka. Imvamisa, amabala ansomi, onsomi, aluhlaza omnqumo aluhlaza namnyama avela kumakhasi amaqabunga. Uhlobo lotshani nezinhlobonhlobo zotshani obudalwayo akubalulekanga kangako. Lesi sifo singazibonakalisa sobabili emadwaleni nakuma- “carpet” abaluleke kakhulu. Ukugwema lezi zinkinga, umlimi kufanele ahlanze ngokushesha utshani obudaluliwe, asuse izitshalo ezifile, aqaphe izinga lomswakama. IHeterosporosis, Izindandatho Zabathakathi

Abathakathi bayakhala

Izindandatho zomthakathi zingakhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Izimpawu ezikhombisawa ngalesi sifo zivele esimweni sezulu esomile nesifudumele. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokugula. Ekuqaleni, ukubhujiswa kotshani kwenzeka endaweni enkulu.

Indawo ye-bald phakathi kwamasongo womabili oyindilinga. Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yezitshalo zotshani ziwele ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hydrophobic. Ngaphansi kwendandatho, umlimi uyakwazi ukubona i-mycelium emhlophe, okuvela kuyo iphunga lokubumba. Phakathi kwezinto ezingavusa ukubukeka kwesifo, ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kuyahlukaniswa.

Izindandatho zomthakathi zohlobo lwesibili zivame ukuvela kuma-greens kanye ne-lawns yokuhlobisa. Kuvela isidingo esikhulu sokwelashwa uma ebusweni bamaqabunga aluhlaza, izindandatho nemidweshu yombala oluhlaza okotshani kubonakala. Uhlu lwezimpawu lubandakanya ukungabikho komonakalo omkhulu, ubukhona bamakholoni we-basidiomycetes uqobo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sifo senziwa ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lokugula luvame kakhulu kunolunye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukhunta ukhula unyaka wonke, izindandatho ziqashelwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sekwindla. Utshani endaweni elimele upendiwe emthunzini omnyama oluhlaza. I-mycelium ibonakala kahle kuso. Kulesi simo, lesi sifo ngeke sibangele ukulimala kakhulu kuotshani.

Ukugqwala

Ingabonakala otshanini ehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lesi sifo sikhonjwa, sigxile emaphashini wombala okhanyayo. Zingahle zingalingani. Okusengozini yizilimo ezitshisa utshani ezivela emndenini wakwaCereal. Amathuba wokutheleleka kokugqwala kuphezulu impela uma:

• utshani bukhule kakhulu;
• Isimo sezulu sinomswakama futhi sifudumele;
• imbewu, engamelana nezifo ezithathelanayo;

Uma kwenzeka wehlulwa:

• sika le ndawo yonakele njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ize ivuselelwe;
• uma kwenzeka kuba nesomiso, chitha kahle.

Intambo ebomvu

I-ejenti ye-causative icushiwe ngesikhathi esifudumele. Lesi sifo sivezwa izindawo ezibomvu nezibomvana. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-pink mosaic. Babonakala ngokungabi bikho komngcele ocacile. Ububanzi bokufakwa buhlukahluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-350 mm. Izindawo ezithintwe yilesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ziphinde zibuyiselwe ngokuphelele, ngoba ukuhlobisa utshani kulahlekile.

Ukulimala kungavusa ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele.

Ukuvimbela ukuqala kwalesi sifo, udinga ukufaka njalo umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen.

I-Powdery hlobo

Kulesi sifo, izitshalo ezise mthunzini zivame ukuhlupheka. Izici ezikhulisa amathuba wokutheleleka zifaka ukubumbana kwenhlabathi, ukugunda izinwele okuphezulu, ukubeka amanzi kanye nokushisa. I-Bluegrass imvamisa ihlupheka.

Kumaqabunga athintekile yi-Powdery hlobo, amafomu enhlanganisela ye-cobwebbed (kuqala imhlophe bese ibe mnyama).

Izindlela zokuvimbela zifaka i-aeration kanye ne-verticalization enomhlabathi.

Izindlela zokulawula - ukwelashwa kokubulala ukhunta. Uma lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi, utshani bungafa ngokuphelele.

I-necrosis yomsuka wempande

Lesi sifo sibanga ingozi enkulu otshanini obunotshani. I-fungus icushiwe ebusika nasekwindla, uhlelo lwezimpande lusendaweni ethintekile. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo ziyafa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuboniswa ngokuvela kwezindawo eziyindilinga kusuka ngotshani obufile. Ukuphakama kwezinwele okwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika kufanele kube kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-3,5 cm.

Smut

I-smut yisifo fungal lapho izindawo ezithintekile zoma khona. Kuvela umucu omnyama ebusweni botshani obuluhlaza. Izimpawu zokuphila kwalesi sifo zibandakanya ukuba khona kwezigqoko ezinsundu nokufafazwa kwam soot. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga, umlimi kufanele ahambisane nazo zonke izidingo zezolimo.

Imbangela yangaphambili yokugula ihlonzwa, umonakalo ongaba khona. Umlimi kufanele angazinaki izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi anganaki ukutholwa. Isifo ngasinye sinokwelashwa kwaso. Azikho izixazululo zomhlaba wonke zokubuyiselwa kwengca.