I-boric acid iyadingeka kuzo zonke izilimo zezithelo, zemifino, berry kanye nezokuhlobisa. Akugcini nje ukuwavikela ezincane ze-pathogenic, kodwa futhi kwandisa isivuno, kunomthelela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe ushukela. Umphumela umnandi, izithelo eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezithintekayo azikho ngaphansi kokubola, izithelo zazo aziqhamuki emanzini amaningi. I-Boron ayiyona into engafanele kunoma imuphi umanyolo, kodwa iyisici esibalulekile sezitshalo. I-boric acid ithinta kanjani izitshalo ensimini nasensimini nokuthi yiziphi izilinganiso zokusebenzisa - safunda ngalokhu kusuka kubalimi abanolwazi.
Uyazi? Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-300 edlule, isazi semvelo saseFrance nodokotela uWilhelm Gomberg bathola i-boric acid yamahhala ngokushisa ingxube ye-borax ne-sulfuric acid. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwafakwa emithi ebizwa ngokuthi "salsedavitum".
I-boric acid: incazelo
Endalweni yemvelo, i-asidi engabonakali e-boric itholakala kwezinye izindawo ezintaba-mlilo zaseToscany, i-Loparian Islands ne-Nevada. Ingatholakala nakumaminerali amaningi, njenge-borax, i-boracite, i-colemanite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici satholakala ngisho nasemanzini olwandle nakuzo zonke izitshalo.
I-boric (i-orthoboric, i-orthoborate, i-borate) i-asidi iyinhlangano e-asidi engenamandla. Lezi amakristalu ezimhlophe, ezingencibilika kalula emanzini abandayo. Uma zifudumala, zilahlekelwa umswakama, zakha imetaboric yokuqala, bese i-tetraboric acid futhi, ekugcineni, i-boric oxide. Uma izinhlanganisela ezibalwe ngenhla zibhapathiziwe emanzini, i-boric acid iphinda yenziwe kubo. 
Isixazululo se-Boric acid sisetshenziselwa kakhulu emithini yezokwelapha njenge-antiseptic, kwezolimo, ukulima, ngisho nasezimbonini zenuzi.
Iyini i-boric acid ewusizo yezitshalo
Izithelo nokuhlobisa, izitshalo zezimbali, i-boric acid iyimanyolo ebaluleke kunawo wonke phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo. Uma ucubungula iziqu, i-component iyasiza ukuhlinzeka izimpande nge-oksijeni, ikhulise ukungena kwe-calcium kuzo zonke izitshalo zezitshalo, ikhulise inani le-chlorophyll ku-biomass eluhlaza, futhi ithuthukise izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Lapho uhlunga imbewu nge-asidi, ukuhluma kwazo kuvuselelwa. Esikhathini sokuqala sokucubungula izitshalo, ukukhula kwezimvuno zezitshalo kuthuthukisiwe, iphesenti ye-ovariyali eyakhiwe yanda, ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ze-nitrogen kuyinto evamile. Ukudla ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-boric acid kwenza kube lula ukukhula nokuqinisa isiko. Ama-agrochemists athi: uma inhlabathi igcwele ngokwanele nge-boron, izithelo ezithwalayo, isivuno sesitshalo kanye nokuphikiswa kwesitshalo kwezimo ezimbi, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane, izifo, ukwanda.
Uyazi? I-boric acid isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izindiza nezintuthwane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-boric acid engadini nasensimini: imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa
I-boric acid ekulimala isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zemifino nokuhluma okuhle kwezinhlamvu. Ukwenza lokhu, kunconywa ukubeka imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala esikhwameni se-gauze bese uyigcoba kwisisombululo se-boric acid ngesilinganiso esingu-0.2 g ngehora elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo izinsuku ezimbili. Ungalungisa ingxube yomlotha kusuka ku-5 g we-baking soda, i-1 g ye-potassium permanganate, i-0.2 g ye-boric acid ne-1 l yamanzi afudumele.
Ngokuphindwe kabili phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, abalimi balimaza amasiko ngamalungiselelo e-boron. I-boric acid njengomanyolo ingasetshenziswa kathathu engadini. Ukwelashwa kokugcina kwenziwa ukuze ukwandise ushukela esitshalweni, okuzokwenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwabo. Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso se-10 g wezinto ngalinye ngamanzi angu-10 l. Kuxhomeke ekugxilweni kwamasiko kungashintsha. Inqubo iphakanyiswa ukuba iqhube ukuhlwa ukugwema ukushisa emaqabunga.
I-Boric acid izimpande-zokugqoka ziyinqaba kakhulu, ngoba ikhambi lingalimaza kakhulu imicu. Ngokuyinhloko, uma uchelela, amakristalu angezwa ukuze izithelo zizuze amathoni ahlanzekile, acebile. Yenza le nqubo isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 eminyakeni emithathu. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukuba bathuthukise umhlabathi kahle ngaphambi kokwenza lezi microfertilizers.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-asidi ku-apula nama-pears
I-Boron ayiyona into evelele ekudluleleni amahlamvu emahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sokukhula okusebenzayo kwezithelo izitshalo zokudla eziwusizo zibaluleke kakhulu. Nge-apula kanye namapheya, ukungabi nalutho kwalesi sibonakaliso kubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo ezitshaliwe. Ezimweni ezingenakiwe, izihlahla ziqala ukuphelela ngokushesha. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, a-tilt bend, petioles ezinwebile. I-veins ebusweni bayo iba yimbi futhi icacile. Emaphethelweni amahlumela, amaqabunga amancane enza uhlobo lwe-rosette, olungavamile ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kwezihlahla ze-apula kanye ne-pear. Uma kungenziwa lutho ezinyathelweni zokuqala, lesi sifo sizoqhubeka: i-inflorescences izobuna, futhi i-ovary ephumela kuyoba nezithelo ezipholile. Inyama yama-apula anesifo kanye namapheya ahlanganiswe namaqabunga amakhulu, ahlanzekile aphendulela nsundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kubalulekile! I-boric acid isoluble kuphela emanzini ashisayo. Ukuze uthole isisombululo sokusebenza, okokuqala amakristalu ahanjiswa ngesikhumba esincane esishisayo, bese ehlanjululwa ngamakhaza ukuze athole ivolumu edingekayo.I-Boric acid inconywa izitshalo ezigulayo futhi eziphilile ngokuphelele izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ukukhipha imiqhele kunconywa ngezinjongo ze-prophylactic ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, kulandelwa ukuphindaphinda ngesonto. Ikhambi lezokwelapha lilungiswe ngesilinganiso sama-20 g we-powder ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Uma ukondla okunjalo kufakwe ezitshalweni ezilimazayo, ukuwa kwe-ovari kuyokwehla ngokuphawulekayo. Kodwa kungcono ukungavumeli ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesithelo futhi kwenziwe ukucubungula kusengaphambili.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-boric acid ye-strawberries
Ukwamukela amajikijolo amnandi ama-strawberry engadini kanye nesitrobheli zasendle kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukucubungula okuhleliwe kwezitshalo. Uma kungenjalo, ukulahlekelwa kwe-boron kuzothinta i-necrosis kanye ne-deformation foliage. Ukupakisha kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuvula amafihlekile, kanye nesikhathi se-fruiting, lapho amajikijolo afinyelela ubukhulu obujwayelekile. Abanye abalimi bayeluleka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuba bathulule i-boric acid ngokulandela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo ezweni. Ungangezela amaconsi ambalwa we-potassium permanganate kwisixazululo. Amalitha ayisishiyagalombili oketshezi ayokwanela izitshalo ezingaba ngu 40-50. Kamuva, lapho ama-peduncles akha, kuhle ukupakisha amahlumela ngenhlanganisela ka-5 g we-boron powder nama-10 amalitha amanzi. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, kunconywa ukuba wengeze umanyolo owengeziwe kusuka ku-boric acid, umlotha we-manganese ne-1 inkomishi yamanzi ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1.
I-boric acid yamatamatisi
Ngo utamatisi, isidingo esidingekayo se-boron. Ukuntuleka kwayo kubonakala ngokumnyama futhi kufinyelela kude neziqu, i-fragility yamahlumela amancane nendawo emnyama esithelweni. Ukuvimbela i-fibers ku-utamatisi ekufeni, kubalulekile ukuphatha imbewu nge amakristalu aqhekekile ngaphambi kokutshala. I-boric acid yamatamatisi iyadingeka esikhathini sokufakelwa kabusha. Ungakwazi ukutshala inhlabathi ngemithi e-acid noma e-boron eneziqu. Ukuze ungashisi uhlelo lwempande, uthele ngokucophelela imithombo elungiselelwe ngamanzi alula. Inqubo enjalo ibaluleke kakhulu emazweni atshalwa okokuqala.
I-Boric acid yokuphalaza utamatisi kubalulekile lapho ama-stalks asebumbene asele asetshiwe, futhi amafihleji ayikaze avulwe. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokwesiko elijwayelekile: 10 g ngalinye ngo-10 l.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ze-Apple, amapheya, i-Brussels ne-cauliflower, i-swede ne-beet inesidingo esiphakeme kakhulu se-boron. Ubhontshisi, amazambane, i-peas kanye ne-strawberries ayancike kakhulu kule nxenye. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ukwehluleka kwayo kuyathinta kakhulu isimo sezitshalo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-boric acid kumagilebhisi
Uma amagilebhisi akhona i-boron, izinhlobo ze-elite zizoletha amabhulashi amancane. Isibonakaliso sokuntuleka kwayo kuyoba amabala e-chloride emaqabunga. Ochwepheshe bathi izinqubo ezinjalo "ipea". Ukwelapha kanye ne-prophylaxis Kunconywa nge-boric acid, ngoba ukwelashwa owodwa kukwanele ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo.
Ukuphalaza kuhlelwe kahle ngenkathi kwakhiwa ama-inflorescences. Kulesi simo, ngeke kuqhume, okuzokwandisa isivuno. Lapho ulungiselela isisombululo (5 g we-powder ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi), abalimi abanolwazi bafaka 5 g we-zinc. Phinda ukucubungula kuyathandeka, njengokunye kwezitshalo zezithelo, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
I-boric acid yamakhukhamba
Yondla i-boric acid yamakhukhamba kanye no-utamatisi, kubalulekile ngoba inomthelela ekuchichizeni izimbali nokubunjwa kwe-ovary. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu kwakuyi-application foliar ye-micronutrients ngaphambi kokuvula ifihlekile. Esikhathini sesisombululo se-5 g we-asidi namalitha angu-10 wamanzi, abanye balimi bayelulekwa ukuba bafake ushukela omncane noma uju. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuheha izidakamizwa zezinambuzane. Ukupompa okuphindaphindiwe kwamakhukhamba nge-boric acid kwenziwa uma kukhishwa i-ovary. Esikhundleni soshukela, amaconsi ambalwa we-potassium permanganate ayengezwa kwisixazululo sendabuko ukuvimbela isikhutha samapulyr on the amahlumela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-boric acid yezinyosi
Nakuba i-beetroot ibhekwa njengento encane kuncike kokuqukethwe kwe-boron, kodwa ukuntuleka kwayo ngokushesha kwenza yonke imifino ingasebenzi. Ngokuqondene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fomoz ebangelwa i-fungi, umgogodla we-beet uqala ukubola, amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngamachashazi ahlaza. Ama-beet anjalo angeke adliwe, anephunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka, izinto ezinobuthi ezakhiwe emafabeni amnyama.
Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno futhi uvimbele ukubukeka kwesifungi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Futhi lapho izithombo zinika amaqabunga angu-4-5, kwanele ukufeza okukodwa okukhipha isisombululo esijwayelekile.
Kubalulekile! Kubantu, i-boric acid ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kwangaphandle ayilimazi ngokuphelele: ayibangeli ukusabela okweqile nokucasula esikhumbeni. Uma uphonywe, i-boron ihlushwa kancane kancane emzimbeni. 20 g yezinto eziphilayo - umthamo obulalayo. Ngezinto eziningi boron cishe kungalimaza izitshalo kunalokho kuzosiza ekuthuthukisweni. Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, ubuchopho bawo bufakazela ngokungeziwe. Uma amasiko anjalo edla izinkomo, maduzane uzoba nezifo ezingelapheki zomuthi wamathumbu.
I-boric acid namazambane
Ngephutha lesiteleka se-boron. Amahlumela athuthuka kancane, amahlamvu aphenduka ophuzi, iziqu ziba yizinkukhu. Ama-agrochemists akhombisa indlela: ukuxhomeka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ku-boron kunquma ukwakheka kwe-substrate. Isidingo sisanda kuma-sod-podzolic, ehlathini, emanzini, emazweni acacile. Futhi nasezindaweni ezinokwanda okwandisiwe kwe-carbonates, i-potassium, i-nitrogen, i-lime. Phosphorus umquba, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunciphisa isidingo samanyolo e-boron-aqukethe.
Ekuboniseni kokuqala kwesikhumba, kubalulekile ukuphatha umbhede ngesisombululo se-boric acid ngesilinganiso se-6 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l. Ingxube elungiselelwe yanele amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye. m. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukulimafa kokutshala impahla noma amahlumela okuqala amazambane azosiza.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-boron ezitshalweni zensimu nezensimu
I-boric acid yokusetshenziswa engadini ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sici kuboniswa izibonakaliso eziningi ezingathandeki:
- amahlamvu phezulu kwesitshalo aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphuzi;
- amaqabunga amasha akhule aphule, aphume, aphephe ngokushesha;
- i-lateral efihlekile, i-apical ayikho ngokuphelele;
- i-necrosis iyabonakala ngeziqu nezithelo;
- phezulu kwamahlumela uyafa;
- Ama-inflorescences ahlanganiswe kahle;
- i-ovary yanciphisa kabi;
- izimpande izitshalo zimboze isikhumba se-fungal;
- i-cauliflower ithinteka ngokubola okubomvu.
Amalungiselelo e-Boric Acid
Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathola ama-fertilizer ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-boron. Ukuze uphefa i-boric acid ku-utamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane nezinye izitshalo zemifino, i-Mag-Bor iphakanyisiwe ngokwayo (iphakethe lama-20 g lihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, isixazululo sidliwa ngo-3 sq. M.).
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezimbali ezihlobisa izimbali zasendlini ziphumelele "i-Pokon" (liquid boron ebhodleleni elihlaza). Kungenzeka ukulungisa isisombululo sokusebenza kusuka esikhwameni esise-10-gram izikhwama ze-boric acid noma umanyolo we-bormonium, equkethe i-13% boric acid ne-14% i-magnesium oxide. Amakhemikhali wezolimo batusa ukusebenzisa i-boric superphosphate ne-borax (sodium boric acid) njenge-feed main.
Manje ukuthi uyazi ngezinzuzo ze-boric acid, lapho sicabanga ukuthi yini edingekayo engadini nasensimini, sithemba ukuthi izitshalo zakho zizokujabulela izitshalo eziningi.
