Endle, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600 ze-willows. Ziza ngesimo sezihlahla nezihlahla, ezide futhi ezide, ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yamaqabunga nombala wamagxolo. Esimweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Futhi bonke bangasongelwa yizibalo eziningi zezifo nezinambuzane. Mayelana neyingozi kakhulu kubo uzofunda kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Uyazi? Izinduku zensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekubhakeni kwebhasikidi, ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha, amabhasikidi, ngokuvamile atshalwe hhayi ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa kuphela, kodwa nangezinhloso zomnotho.
Indlela yokubhekana nezifo ze-willow
Njengoba ngokuyisisekelo zonke izinambuzane nezifo eziphilayo zihlala enhlabathini, umqhele futhi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla eziwile, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle isihlahla somuthi. ngokuvula nokujulile ukumba ekwindla, amaqabunga ahlanzekile ahlanzekile, landela izincomo zokunisela.
Ukuze ungaphuthelwa ukuqala kwesifo, izihlahla kufanele zihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ekuseni, ekuqaleni kweqabunga liwa, i-willow kufanele ifakwe nge-3% ye-Bordeaux liquid. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi ukwandiswa kwezinso, izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha zenziwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulphate zethusi ngezikhathi ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphalaza i-willow kufanele kwenziwe enomeni omile, ozolile ngokugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha komuntu siqu: amehlo kufanele avikelwe ngezibuko, izandla ngeglavu, impumulo nomlomo nge-mask.
I-whitewoodwood ivutha
I-agent ye-causative yamathuluzi omzimba omhlophe asebenza ngamasongo ahlinzeka ngamanga amanga amakhowe. Lokhu kubangela ukubola, okokuqala kuthuthuka ngendlela evulekile. Khona-ke emagodini ungabona imigodi ebolile.
Izindlela zokulawula. Izindlela zokubhekana nokubola zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: ukusika okwesikhashana kwama-shrunken, amagatsha agulayo kanye nokucubungulwa kwezigaba; ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda; ukugcwalisa imigodi, ukuqeda izidumbu zezithelo zamakhowe.
Indawo yamaqabunga ama Brown
I-Willow ithintekile ezindaweni eziningana: insundu, emnyama, emnyama, emnyama. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kunomthelela omkhulu kumswakama. Ukuqothulwa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga avela phakathi kwehlobo - izindawo ezinombala obomvu zemilo engavamile zakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamaqabunga.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma izimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala zivela, i-willow kufanele iphathwe nge-fungicides evunyelwe izitshalo zesihlahla. Kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.
Indawo yesikhumba esimnyama
Indawo ye-green leaf ingathuthuka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-willow. Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo, esivame ukuvela ngoJulayi, izindawo ezikhanyayo kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm zivela kumashidi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-black spores avela phezulu. Ama-spores avuthwe entwasahlobo, bese eqala ukuthelela amaqabunga amancane.
Izindlela zokulawula. Amagatsha atshisiwe kumele asheshe abhujiswe ngokushisa. Okulandelayo, umuthi kumele ube izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ukucubungula amakhemikhali.
I-Gaul enomqhele
Izigqoko zemikhonto zikhula ezigodini nasezimpandeni ze-willow, ezivela njengokuthi isihlahla sithinta kanjani ukucasuka okubangelwa izinambuzane noma isikhunta. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sizama ukuvikela umzimba wakho ekutheleleni. Ukuncintisana kuyinto enkulu kakhulu, eqoshiwe in brown. Usongo lwe-willow ludala, uma kukhona ibhande le-trunk lonke. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sizobuthakathaka kakhulu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuhlolwa ngezihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Uyazi? I-Willow iyisihlahla esinamandla nesimelana nayo. Iyakwazi ukululama ngisho noma i-trunk yayo iphukile cishe emhlabathini.
Idonsa likaMealy
Umama we-Mealy unesibonakaliso sokwempawu - ukuqhakaza kwe-mealy okumhlophe emaqabunga. Kuboniswa, njengomthetho, ngoJulayi. Ijabule ngamakhowe. Kamuva, ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, njengoba lesi sifo siphuthuka, amaqabunga amancane aphuzi, abomvu, namnyama amamaqabunga, aqukethe ama-pathogen spores. Bangabusika emaqabunga awile, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bangakwazi ukuthelela amaqabunga amancane ngosizo lomoya nezinambuzane. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhumba se-powdery kule-willow yisimo sezulu esifudumele nokukhanya okuhle.
Izindlela zokulawula. Hlola njalo isitshalo, ukuze ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zesifo ekuqaleni kwesigaba. Uma kutholakala izimpawu, i-willow ihlanzwa kanye noma kabili ngekhefu lamasonto amabili nge-fungicides. Ukwehliswa kwe-autumn nokwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo kuzokusiza ukuvikela lesi sihlahla kusuka e-powdery isikhutha.
Isikali esilula
I-sclow scab - isifo se-fungal, umonakalo okhethekile uletha izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokulila, nakuba zingaphazamisa cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ikhula ngokujulile ngenkathi isimo sezulu esimanzi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo sekude. Izimpawu zokuqala zivela entwasahlobo, amasonto amabili emva kokuqala kokutshala kwamahlamvu amancane. Isibonakaliso sesici salesi sifo sibumnyama kwamacembe kanye namahlumela e-willow. Ngemva kwalokho, izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo ziyafa. Uma umuthi we-willow usulelekile nge-scab iminyaka eminingana elandelanayo, uba buthakathaka, futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kuyancipha.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze uvikele ngokumelene nesibhamu, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda amaqabunga, ukupompela nge-fungicides kuyadingeka. Ukuqhubeka kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10.
Ukugqwala
Ukugqwala yisifo sefungal of leaf willow. Kuboniswe ehlobo engxenyeni engezansi yepuleti leshidi njengamabala okushisa namabala. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, leli qabunga lingagcwele ngokuphelele indawo ebomvu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amachashazi amaningi aphuzi abomvu avela phezulu kwekhasi leqabunga. Ama-spores asakazwa umoya, ubusika emaqabunga awile. Isici esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwembuthiso yisimo esifudumele, sezulu esimanzi.
Uyazi? Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhunta, ama-causative agents of rust adinga izitshalo eziningana zokusingatha. I-Willow iyinhlangano eyinhloko yazo zonke izifo eziphilayo zalesi sifo. Abakwa-Intermediate hosts kukhona i-currants ne-larch.Izindlela zokulawula. Kudingekile ukuvikela nokwelapha izinkuni ezigqwala besebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabala. Ukuze kuvikelwe, amaqabunga owomile namagatsha abathintekayo kufanele ashiswe.
I-Necrosis ye-cortex
I-Necrosis ye-bark isici sezitshalo ezibuthakathaka nezincane. Ukuthuthukisa ekugcineni, kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Ukutheleleka kuthathwa ngamagatsha anegciwane, kusukela emthini kuya esihlahleni. Ngenxa yokugula okude, ama-willow amahlumela aphelile.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze ungabambe i-necrosis ye-cortex, i-willow kumele ibe nephilile. Ama-causative agents of the sifo angena kuphela ebhungeni elimele. Kuphilile, ngaphandle kwemifantu, abakwazi ukuthola. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuvimbela ukulimala komshini ku-trunk namagatsha. Uma zitholakala, ukwelashwa nokuphulukiswa kuyodingeka.
I-necrosis edidayo yama-trunks namagatsha
I-necrosis edidayo yama-trunks namagatsha ngokuvamile kuthinta ama-willows okukhala. Ijabule yi-fungus, izinhlamvu zazo ezisakazeka ngezulu, umoya kanye nezinambuzane. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo se-willow zivela ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Ngalesi sigaba, amagxolo phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha anemibala eluhlaza, bese efa bese eba blue-grey. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, i-willow ingafa eminyakeni embalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo, ezibuthakathaka yi-necrosis, ziba yisilwane esilula ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane ezibulala lesi sihlahla.
Izindlela zokulawula. Okufana ne-necrosis.
I-necrosis yesifo esinamagatsha
Amakhowe, izifo ze-tubercular necrosis zithinta amagatsha ezitshalo ezibuthakathaka, ezigulayo noma ezinesifo esibulalayo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngendlela yobuncane obubomvu, obunamapayipi obuhlaza obunzima obukhulu begxolo. Amagxolo aqhekeka emuva kwesikhathi, futhi izidumbu ze-sporulation ziphuma.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuvimbela ukwehliswa kwesitshalo, ukulimala ezinye izifo nezinambuzane. Amagciwane agulayo futhi ashonayo, njengemithombo eyinhloko yokudlulisela, kufanele abhujiswe ngokushesha, amasayithi okuhlanza kufanele ahlungwe nge-disinfected futhi ahlanganiswe nezindlela ezikhethekile. Kumele uqale ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngefungus noma ukutheleleka.
I-Cytospor necrosis (i-cytosporosis) yamathangi namagatsha
Ukwelashwa nge-cytosporosis, njengombuso, kwenzeka ngoMeyi-June. Ukutheleleka kuthinta izitshalo ngokusebenzisa umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini. Lesi sifo siholela ekufeni kwegxolo le-willow. Izindawo ezifile ziba nsundu ngombala, futhi kamuva zihlanganiswe nemizimba ye-sporulation, ama-bumps amnyama. Ngentwasahlobo, izinhlamvu zivela lapho futhi zakha amaconsi, izinqwaba, iminyango yombala ophuzi, obomvu, we-orange phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zithwala imvula, umoya, nezinambuzane. I-cytosporosis iyakwazi ukuvusa ukufa kwezitshalo ezincane.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze uvimbele i-cytospore necrosis yamagatsha namagatsha, izindlela ezifanayo zokuvimbela nokulawula zisetshenziswa njengamanye ama-necrosis.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane ze-willow
I-Willows ilimaza cishe izinambuzane ezingu-37 eziyingozi. Kulesi sihloko sizokwazi kuphela amaqabunga nezinhlamvu eziyingozi kakhulu, okuletha umonakalo omkhulu.
Birch Heartfly
I-Birch core fly ihlukumeza izintambo ngokuphendula. Njengoba induku ikhula, imivimbo iqinisa, kodwa izindawo eziphuzi zihlala endaweni yazo, esigabeni esiphambene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo induku iba brittle.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ngenxa yokuthi i-biology yale nkathazo ayiqondakali kahle, izindlela zokubhekana nayo zinzima.
Willow Wolfberry
I-willow volnyanka iyinvemvane emhlophe enamaphiko ama-45-55 mm. Iyabonakala ngamapayipi amnyama anezindandatho ezimhlophe kuzo. Izibungu ze-willowworm ziqala imisebenzi yazo eyingozi entwasahlobo. Phakathi nenyanga bayadla amaqabunga. Bafunda ngoJuni - ngoJulayi. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izimvemvane ziphuma, ezenza iqanda-elibekwe emagodini, amagatsha, amaqabunga. Lezi zimbongolo nazo ziyi-skeletonize amahlamvu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kubalulekile ukuheha izitshalo ze-oillow ukulawula izinambuzane zezinyoni eziphazamisayo. Uma kwenzeka ukubhujiswa okukhulu, okungukuthi lapho izibungu zilimaza ngaphezu kwama-10% amaqabunga, kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake ama-insecticide.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela uma ku-1 square. Izitshalo zitshengisa izinambuzane ezimbili noma ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
Alder weevil
Iqiniso lokuthi i-willow yahlaselwa yi-weldil ye-alder ifakazwa ngamaqabunga omisiwe ehlathini kanye namavesi amaningi eziqubeni. I-Larvae ivela ngoJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Bahlupheka kakhulu kusuka ezitshalweni ezincane, lapho bebamba khona. I-overwinter emifantwini yamagxolo, emaqenjini esiqu, emaqabunga owomile. Ngonyaka olandelayo, baqala imisebenzi yabo eyingozi entwasahlobo: ama-weevils aphuma ngoMeyi ukubeka amaqanda bese efa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Izinduku ezithintekile kumele zibhujiswe ekwindla emva kokubeka amaqanda noma kuze kube maphakathi no-May.
I-beetle yamaqabunga e-Willow
Isiyingozi kakhulu willow ingesizukulwane sesibili samabhungane we-willow-leaf, avela ngo-Agasti. I-Larva iyakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele amahlamvu omuthi. I-oviposition yenziwa entwasahlobo engaphansi kwemaqabunga. I-Larvae ivela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-14, qala ukuphakela epulazini eliphansi lamaqabunga. Esikhathini esithile kamuva, ukufundiswa kwenzeka, futhi ngo-Agasti isizukulwane sesibili sesitshalo sesibhakabhaka sibonakala, esenza skeletonizes zombili amapuleti angaphezulu naphansi. Bahlala phansi ngaphansi kwegxolo, amahlamvu kanye nomhlabathi.
Uyazi? Ukholo lwe-willow luyisivinini esikhulu somoya. Ngisho ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, kunganciphisa isivinini somoya ngo-60%.Izindlela zokulawula. Ngemuva kokusika amahlumela ekwindla, umhlabathi phakathi kwezihlahla ugcwele utshani futhi uvutha kanye namahlamvu endala. Lokhu kuzobhubhisa izinyosi eziya enhlabathini ebusika. Futhi phakathi nenkathi yokufunda, umhlabathi ozungeza i-willow ugcwele amanzi. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, amaqabunga amaqabunga abanjwa izicupho ezikhethekile ezigxotshiwe ngeglue elandelwe. Uma kwenzeka izilonda zamathambo, izinambuzane zezinambuzane zisetshenziswa.
I-leaflow leafhopper
I-willow tusk ibeka amaqanda phezulu phezulu kwehlumela, ngemva kwalokho iyaphuka, futhi ngonyaka ozayo iqala ukuqala. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, izimpungushe ezondla ijusi lamahlumela zivela. Ngenxa yalokho, amahlumela ayeke ukukhula, abe yizintambo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Amagatsha abathintekayo kumele asuswe ngokushesha. Ukuvuna izibungu ngesandla, ubambe inyoka endala. Ukubamba kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwendwangu, igcozwe ngeglue noma i-tar elandelwe. Ubekwe eceleni kwesihlahla, bese benetha ngenetha bayabhidliza i-tsikadok kusukela emahlumela. Bawa futhi banamathele kwendwangu.
I-Willowworm
Le nkathazo iyi-butterfly enamaphiko ama-44-55 cm. Aphuma ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi. Benza amaqanda abeka phezu kwamagxolo namaqabunga. Ubuciko bufana nekhekhe le-silvery, elitholakala esihlahleni kulo lonke ubusika. Entwasahlobo, amacimbi amnyama anezinhlangothi eziphuzi namabala amhlophe ekhanda ngemuva. Bondla amaqabunga, futhi ebusuku kuphela. Bafaka phezulu phezulu amahlumela, bawafaka emaceleni. Amahlumela anjalo aphinde alahlekelwe izimfanelo zabo zobuchwepheshe.
Izibungu ze-silkworm-moth ziyingozi kakhulu emiphongolweni encane, ngoba ingaholela ekufeni kwabo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Akukho lutho, ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuvimbela nezindlela zokulwa nomlingo wesibungu-mbozi, azange zakhiwe ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi. Ukuze kuvinjelwe isidingo sokuheha emasimini noma emasimini lapho umuthi ukhula khona, izitha zemvelo zalesi sifo - amabulantshi, ondlunkulu, izinambuzane, ama-equestrians. Uma izinambuzane zihlasela izimpungushe namaqanda zivunwa ngesandla. Ama-butterflies nawo ayabanjwa.
Isikhwama se-bag
Uma i-willow ikonakaliswe yi-bagworm encane emthini, kuyoba khona uphawu lwesici - izikhwama eziphuzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinama-cm 5 ezilenga emagatsheni. Amacimbi ale nundu adla amaqabunga namagatsha. Ngenxa yalokho, amahlamvu awela, kanti lesi sitshalo sinciphisa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwelashwa nama-insecticide entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwe-bud, nasehlobo.
Isibungu se-spider
Izinambuzane eziyingozi ikakhulukazi ziyadonsa izinambuzane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, isicabucabu. Ingatholakala engaphansi kweqabunga, lapho lidla khona umuthi wesitshalo. Ngokushesha, amaqabunga aphikisiwe asemahlombe aphelile, aphelile futhi awa. Umkhaza usinda ebusika emagqumeni, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga owomileyo, awela phansi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukulwa nezinambuzane zesicabucabu kunzima kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa ukwelashwa ngamanzi asosi, izinambuzane. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, uzodinga uKarbofos.
Ama-aphid, i-willow evamile
Esinye isisulu esilisayo esithinta i-willow yi-aphid ejwayelekile ye-willow. Entwasahlobo, ithela uketshezi lwamacembe namahlumela. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe futhi aphikisiwe, kanye nokutholakala kwezilinganiso ezimhlophe ngaphansi komuthi - igobolondo elidala le-aphid lizobonisa ukuthi likhona. Kamuva, lapho ama-aphid anephiko ebonakala, awela phezu kwe-dill ne-izaqathe. Lezi zitshalo zikhiqiza izizukulwane eziyi-10, kanti ngo-Agasti zibuyele ku-willow. Bese bebeka amaqanda ebusika ekuqhekekeni kwamagxolo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Njengoba ungakwazi ukuqagela kusukela ekuchazeni umjikelezo wokuphila kwama-aphid, ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa kwawo, kubalulekile ukungatshali i-willow, isanqante, i-dill ne-parsnip eseduze. Ukufafaza nge-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yezitshalo ezinambuzane - u-anyanisi, isinaphi, i-henbane, i-pepper, izithombo zamazambane, njll - isetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda. Ukunciphisa izinkuni nge-soap-kerosene mix and nicotine sulfate nakho kunconywa.
Izidakamizwa
Izingozi ze-willow ziyizinduku ezinjengegundane, ezigaya izimpande nokusika.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ungakwazi ukulwa namagundane ezinamahloni anobuthi.
Sasiqaphele kuphela inani elincane lezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezithinta i-willow. Empeleni, ziningi kakhulu. Uma silandela imithetho ye-agrotechnology, yenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokupunga, izinkinga eziningi zingagwenywa. Ukudala izimo ezizwakalayo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamagilebhisi kuzokwenza ukuthi ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo kanye nezifo.
