Abalimi banamuhla bakhula izitshalo eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezithakazelisayo ezimangalisayo ezikwazi kahle ukuhlala ezindaweni zethu. Enye yalezi zinhle ezishisayo yiGuzmania - isitshalo esimangalisayo esinamaqabunga amhlophe, aqoqwe kwi-rosette, ene-splorescence efana ne-spike phakathi nendawo. Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Hummania, ukuze zonke izimbali zikhethe izinto ezithandayo kakhulu.
Uyazi? Emahlathini ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, eziqhingini naseLwandle lwaseCaribbean, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-130 zeGuzmania, eziphakathi kwazo zonke izihlahla ezihlala emhlabeni.Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali ziye zathatha ngempumelelo izimpande ezigumbini, futhi ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokusebenza okukhethiwe, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zakhiwe nge-inflorescences of orange, obomvu, pink, yellow, violet, purple-obomvu nezihlanzekile ezimhlophe izimbali.
UGuymania uDonnell-Smith
Uma uzokutshala lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele ekhaya lakho, cishe uzofuna ukwazi konke ngembali ye-gusmania, kodwa okokuqala udinga ukunquma ngezinhlobo ezikhulile. Isibonelo, i-guzmania kaDonella Smith endaweni yayo yemvelo ihlala emahlathini ashisayo eNtaba zaseCosta Rican futhi iyisibonelo esihle sokutshala izitshalo eziye zakwazi ukugxila ezindaweni ezintsha lapho indawo yabo yomhlaba isongelwa khona. Lezi zinhlobo zilula ngokwanele ukuba zikhule, futhi ama-bracts akhethekile nama-sepals ombala ophuzi ophuzi uyojabulisa amehlo akho inyanga. 
I-gusmania kaDonella Smith ine-rosette evulekile eyakhiwe amaqabunga aluhlaza ahlanganiswe nezikali ezinemibala embala. Amaqabunga afakwe emgqeni obomvu obomvu agubungele ukugqama kwe-peduncle kanye nengxenye engezansi ye-short, dense pyramidal paniculate inflorescence. Ubude bamacwecwe amashidi ngu-60 cm nobubanzi buka-3 cm. I-Guzmania yalezi zinhlobo ziqala ukujabulela izimbali zayo ngo-Ephreli - Meyi.
Uyazi? U-Donella Smith's guzmania watholakala maduzane, kanti imbewu yesitshalo isakazwa yi-International Society of Bromeliad Lovers. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvota impova akudingekile ukuthola inani elikhulu lembewu, ngoba izitshalo zalezi zinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuzitholela impova.Imbewu kaDonella Smith ye-guzmania ifakwe nge-tuft (okukhumbuza i-dandelion), okubangela ekusakazeni kwabo esimweni sezulu esiphezulu. Ngosizo lomoya, imbewu yezinto zembewu isakazeka emabangeni amade.
I-Guzman igazi elibomvu
Njengoba igama lisho ukuthi, i-guzmania ebomvu yegazi ihlukaniswa nombala ogcwele amaqabunga awo, okwenza i-rosette efana ne-goblet, lapho kutholakala khona umswakama kanye nezinhlayiya eziphilayo ezimele ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo (ezisetshenziselwa ukondla isitshalo). Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukunakwa komuntu akukhanga kakhulu yi-corymbose inflorescences (ehlanganisa izimbali ezincane ezingu-7-12), njengamahlamvu esitshalo ngokwawo. I-Peduncle ayitholakali, kodwa izimbali zitholakala kuma-pedicels. Ama-bracts amancane futhi ayedlula ama-sepals, aphakathi kuka-1.7 cm ubude. Ubude bamagundane ama-oval obubanzi buyi-7.5 cm, futhi bakhula ndawonye babe tube elincane, mahhala ngenhla. 
Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni, wonke amaqabunga e-red guzman, ngaphandle kweqile kakhulu, agcwele-aphuzi. Amapuleti amashidi, kufaka phakathi izicucu ezingu-15-18, yakha isikhwama esenziwe nge-goblet enesisindo esingama-30 cm. Sinobubanzi obubanzi, obuhlangene, obuphezulu, obunamathele phezulu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-guzmania ebomvu egazi:
- i-var. I-Sanguinea ("igazi") - elibhekiswe ngamabhaktshi ajikelezayo aphelile, izimpondo zezimbali eziphuzi ezinombala noma ezimhlophe. Amaqabunga ubude afinyelela ku-40 cm ububanzi buka-5.5 cm. Ama-bracts ahlangene, aphethwe ngokuphela okubukhali. Izimbali zenzeka ngo-Ephreli no-Agasti;
- i-var. I-Brevipedicellata ("i-short-legged") - ehlukaniswe yi-bracts enesigqoko esenziwe nge-helmet. Ubude bamaqabunga bufinyelela ku-20 cm ububanzi buka 2.5 cm. Izibhakabhaka ziyi-helmet, ezikhomba, 2.2 cm ubude.
Kubalulekile! Isiqukathi esifanele kunazo zonke ekwakheni igumbi lika-guzman yi-pot ephansi e-ceramic ene-15 cm.
I-Gusmania kaMose
Loluhlobo lweGuzman, njengalokhu oludlule, luyisitshalo se-epiphytic. Amaqabunga awo afinyelela ku-70 cm ubude, no-7-8 cm ububanzi. Amaqabunga ama-15-20 adala i-rosette esakazekayo. Ziyi-lingual, zihlangene phezulu futhi ziphenduka ngokugcwele zibe ziphelele futhi zikhomba. I-Peduncle inomumo oqondile futhi mfushane kunamaqabunga e-rosette. Amaqabunga ama-pink akhanyayo ku-peduncle ayese-elliptic ebanzi, ngokuphela okuphelile, ukuvuvukala. I-inflorescence embukisweni we-guzmania, ongabizwa kalula ngokuxuba imibala ehlukene yembala, ilula kakhulu, ayiyona inwele futhi iqukethe izimbali ezingu-12-15. Ama-leathery, ama-obovate bracts abhekene nesimo esibanzi, umbala ogqamile obomvu nesayizi elifushane kunama-sepals. Izimbali - i-sessile, i-sepals - ihlangene futhi ingenangqondo. 
Endle, lezi zinhlobo zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivela eGuatemala kuya eColombia naseNyakatho Ningizimu yeBrazil, lapho izitshalo zikhula khona endaweni ephakeme kuze kube ngu-1000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukuqhakaza komfanekiso we-Guzman kungabonakala kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kuphele ngoJulayi, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zingase ziqhakaze ngo-Agasti (isibonelo, var Flammea, amaqabunga awo afinyelela ku-24-34 cm, ububanzi buka-1-1.7 cm).
Ngokuvamile, incazelo ye-Husmania yama-mosaic ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nencazelo yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibomvu zegazi, kuphela indawo ephansi yamaqabunga kulokhu kunomthunzi omnyama ophuzi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zobuciko be-Guzmania kuyi-var. i-musaica (ezindaweni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhona imigqa emincane), var. i-zebrina (enezingxube ezinkulu) kanye ne-var. i-concolor - eneqabunga le-monochrome.
Guzman eyodwa-amasondo
I-Guzman ene-one-striked ihluke emaqabunga amaningi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza i-rosette enamandla. Ngezansi, i-paler futhi inezilinganiso ezicacile ezinhle, eziwa ngokushesha. I-inflorescence iboniswa yi-spike ehlangene emigqa eminingi ekhonjiwe phezulu. Izimbali zimhlophe. I-peduncle eyimfihlo isifushane kunamaqabunga futhi ikhonjisiwe, amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe: aphansi ayenemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ngaphezulu kunemivimbo ebomvu. Izibhakabhaka zezimbali ezivundile ziphaphathekile, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, nezinhlangothi ezibomvu zesikhathi eside ezibomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izicabha ezinyumba zingaziqhayisa ngokubomvu okugqamile, okungajwayelekile ukuthi bracts ezimhlophe. Esikhundleni se-fetus ibhokisi le-cylindrical ene-white tuft. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke ze-guzmania ebhekene nodwa:
- i-var. i-monostachia - inamaqabunga ombala owodwa kanye nama-bracts aphukile nemivimbo emnyama emide longitudinal. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi;
- i-var. variegata - amaqabunga ahlukene ahlaza anemibala emhlophe;
- i-var. i-alba - ineziqabunga ze-monochrome ezinama-bracts aphansi aphansi namhlophe aphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukuphuza i-guzmaniya udinga ukuthululela amanzi ngokuqondile emagqabeni amaqabunga, okuyinto engcono kakhulu yokuphuza lesi sitshalo.
I-Guzmania Nicaragua
Esinye isitshalo se-epiphytic. Kulezi zilwane, amaqabunga afinyelela ku-6 cm ubude no-2.5 cm ububanzi, futhi aqoqe izingcezu ezingu-10-5, adala i-dense encane ye-golett ene-inflorescence efakwe kuso. Amaqabunga anama-lingual shape, anciphise phezulu ahlanganiswe nezilinganiso ezincane ezinemibala ephuzi elivela emanzini angaphansi (ngenkathi zibaleka, kodwa zinemibala emincane ebomvu ebonakalayo).
Ku-peduncle ayikho i-pubescence, kodwa kukhona amaqabunga aqondile acindezelwe kuwo: aphansi alula kancane, aphezulu angama-elliptical ngokubanzi, enephuzu elicacile ekugcineni. Kungaba yibomvu elibomvu noma elibomvu. I-inflorescence iyingcosana-ithambile, ilula futhi ichazwe ngendlela engenabala, efinyelela ubude buka-7-10 cm. Ukuma kwe-bracts kufana nokuma kwamaqabunga aphezulu e-peduncle. Ziyifilimu encane, ekhomba noma ephazamisekile, engapheli kahle, ifinyelela ubude buka-5 cm. Izimbali zimi, zifakwa emilenzeni emifushane. Ama-Sepals anesimo se-elliptical, esingafani kakhulu, sasihlanganiswa phansi futhi siba ngu-2.5 cm ubude. Amapulanka aphuzi ahlanjululwa amelelwe ngepayipi elincane le-cylindrical, futhi ama-stamens ahamba kancane ngaphezu kwe-corolla. 
Ngokuvamile, i-Guzman yaseNicaragua ingatholakala eMelika Ephakathi noma eMexico endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-635-1800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ikhetha amahlathi lapho izimbali zalo zingabonwa ngoMashi - Meyi.
I-Guzmania Tempo
I-guzmania ye-Tempo ijwayelekile ngokufana nezinhlobo ezidlule: inamaqabunga ama-green-green (fometha i-rosette ebonakalayo) ne-bracts ekhanyayo. Nokho, ngokwezokunakekela, kusekhona ukungezwani. Isibonelo, ngenkathi inhlobo yezitshalo eziningi zithanda ukuchelela okulinganiselayo, le ntwazana ithanda umswakama.
Uyazi? I-Guzmania yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1802 futhi yathola igama layo ngokuhlonipha isitshalo sezitshalo saseSpain u-A. Gusman.
I-Guzmania Zana (Zana)
Uma ukhula u-guzmaniya, endlini kukhona eziningi ze-shades ezikhazimulayo eziheha iso. I-Zuzn (Zahn) i-guzmania, enezinhlamvu ezingama-70 cm ububanzi futhi ububanzi buka-2.5 kuya ku-3 ububanzi, bubukeka buhle kakhulu ekubukeni. Ezimweni eziningi, zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa zitholakala ukuthi zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi. izikhumba ze-oblong. Amaqabunga esitshalo anemibala ebomvu. Ubude be-inflorescence buyi-18-25 cm. Izimbali nama-bracts zihlukaniswa nombala wegolide ophuzi. Ukuhluka okungaziwa kwe-guzmania kaZahn "kuguquguquka" - isitshalo esinomhlophe omude emaqabunga awo. Izitshalo zasekhaya - Colombia. 
Umhlanga waseGuzman
Cishe usuvele uqonde ukuthi uhlobo luni lwe-guzmania flower, futhi wazibonela ukuthi ukungajwayelekile kwezinhlobo zayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi sikhumbule umhlanga we-gazmania - isitshalo esiphambanwe se-epiphytic esinesimiso esiyimpumelelo esakhiwe kahle. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo zineziqabunga eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezinezicabha zamagqabi ezimagqabhagqabha. Umhlanga waseGuzman une-rosette enesisindo esakhiwe ngamaqabunga amaningi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahambisana nezilinganiso ezincane. I-rosette ye-Leaf yinde kakhulu kangangokuthi ithola umumo wendebe lapho kuqoqwa umswakama. Njengoba kudingeka, amanzi aqoqwe asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa isitshalo.
Ngaphansi kwe-peduncle encane yama-orange noma amaqabunga aphezulu abomvu (ama-stipules) afakwa, okuyi-kind of wrapper ezungeze i-inflorescence ehlukahlukene. Izimbali zitholakala emilenzeni emifushane emincane futhi zinezikhala ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Izimbali zalezi zinhlobo ze-gusmania ziyaqhakaza kancane kancane, kodwa zihlala isikhathi eside, zihlobisa isitshalo amaviki angu-15-17. Ukuphuma kwesitshalo somama uyafa, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi amahlumela ("izingane") azovela, okungukuthi, entsha, iGuzmania encane. 
Echaza incazelo yeGuzmania, kuvame ukuphawula ukuthi unezimbali ezingavamile, kanti lesi sitshalo siphume ngaphandle nje ngokubomvu okugqamile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuqinisekile, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuvumelana ngokugcwele nalesi sitatimende, ngoba isibindi esivuliwe ngokugcwele sinombala obomvu okhangayo nezimbali eziphuzi zesimo esingavamile kakhulu. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziningana zenhlanga ye-guzmania ziyaziwa:
- i-var. i-lingulata isitshalo esikhulu kakhulu esinamaqabunga e-monochromatic, ububanzi buka-2.5 cm. I-inflorescence ye-gusmania enjalo yenziwa ngamaqabunga asemakhaleni noma abomvu, anezigqoko ezigqoke isigqoko esibucayi nezimbali eziningi. Izitshalo zezimbali zenzeka ngo-Mashi, Agasti noDisemba;
- i-var. i-сrdinalis - inamaqabunga amakhulu (3-4 cm), amaqabunga e-piniflora athambile wombala obomvu obomvu. Ama-Inflorescence - amanothi-helmets amaningi-athambile, amabhakethi. Izimbali zitshalo ngoMashi noSeptemba;
- i-var. Incane iyincwajana eqondile ye-gusmania yamhlanga. Ububanzi bamaqabunga e-monochrome abukho ngaphezu kwama-2.5 cm. Ama-Prisotsvetnye amaqabunga - eqondile, obomvu, anezimbali eziningi ezise-inflorescences. Imifino var. ukuwa okuncane ngoFebhuwari - Julayi;
- i-var. ama-flamea - amaqabunga afinyelela ubude obungama-24-34 cm ububanzi buka-1-1.7 cm. I-inflorescence iyingcosana-ifakwe, ene-bracts enesigqoko esincane. Izitshalo zezimbali ngoJulayi, ku-Agasti.
