I-ugqumugqumu ivame cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ikhula ezindaweni ezizintaba, emahlathini nasemaphandleni. Ugqumugqumu - isivakashi esivame njalo emasimini, njengoba isakazwa kalula, kuhle futhi kutholakala kahle, kunomusa omuhle kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo.
I-cuttings cuttings
Ukusabalalisa nge-cuttings kungenye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu nezindlela ezilula zokugcina nokwandisa inani lezilimo engadini. Indlela yokutshala i-gooseberries nge-chencer, yiziphi izindlela ezintathu ongakhetha kuzo, cabanga ngalesi sihloko.
Ukukhiqiza ukuhlunga okuhlaza
Inqubo yokuqoqa amahlumela aluhlaza okwenziwa ngotshani okwenziwa ngohlobo lweMeyi. Okufanele kakhulu kunazo zonke izimo ezilandelayo ku-greenhouse: umoya we-humidity u-90%, ukushisa kwe-air kuyinto +25 ° С, nokushisa kwenhlabathi yi-+18 ° С. Ama-cuttings ahlaza (ngaphezulu kwamahlumela amancane) athathwa esiqhingini angakadluli eminyakeni emine.
Ukulungiselela izihlahla zokupheka ugqumugqumu zokuzalanisa nge-cuttings eluhlaza: 
- Wonke amaqabunga aphansi, ngaphandle kwamashidi amathathu aphezulu, kufanele ahlolwe.
- Emanqamuzaneni amanje, ukuchotshozwa kwe-longitudinal kwenziwa ngommese; engxenyeni engezansi yehlumela, ukucutshungulwa kuka-2-3 kwenziwa nge-stem.
- Ukusikwa ngosuku olufakwa esitsheni ngamanzi, khona-ke ungakwazi ukugoqa isitshalo esikhukhuleni sokukhula bese ushiya amahora ayisithupha.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa akufanele kuphakame ngaphezu kwama-25 ° C, ukuze lokhu kungenzeki futhi ama-cuttings ayengathathwa, i-greenhouse kumele ihlale ivuliwe.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings e-lignified
Le ndlela yokukhiqiza i-cuttings ye-jamisi eyenziwa ekwindla. Izivuno zokuvuna ezinamaqabunga asundu, kuze kube ngu-25 cm ubude, ziqoqe emcimbini bese zihlwanyela emgodini ojulile we-15 cm. I-cuttings itshalwe phansi phezulu, ngoba entwasahlobo isendlalelo esingenhla yomhlabathi siyashisa ngokushesha, ngokulandelana, izimpande eziphansi, ezazingaphezulu, nazo zafudumala kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinso zilibazisekile ekuthuthukiseni, futhi uhlelo lwempande luyaqhubeka futhi luqinisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenhla kokutshala kuhlanganiswe nenhlabathi yensimu evundile, i-mulch futhi igubungele ngefilimu encane.
Entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezikhulile zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi amahlumela amabili asele ngaphezu kwendawo yokutshala i-fossa. I-cuttings itshalwe ekhoneni lika-10 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezicucu ezihlangene
Cabangela indlela yokusakaza ugqumugqumu cuttings entwasahlobo noma ihlobo, ukuhlanganisa izithombo. Indlela ehlanganisiwe ilula ngoba ungakwazi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukwandisa izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukene. I-cuttings ehlaza kanye ne-lignified itshalwe emgodini owodwa, yenza isitrobhethi esincane. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu siyoba ngenyanga kaJulayi, kodwa kungenzeka ukutshala yonke inkathi yasehlobo nehlobo.
I-cuttings ehlaza entwasahlobo izonikeza izithelo, ama-lignified aqinise futhi athuthukise isikhathi eside. Kodwa ekufinyeleleni ukuphakama kwama-50 cm, bahlukaniswa futhi batshala ngokwehlukana. Ngakho-ke, ubulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa, uthola kokubili izitshalo kanye nesihlahla se-fruiting.
Indlela yokusakazwa ukulayishwa kwamagqumugqumu
Njengoba bezama kanye le berry elihlwabusayo, abalimi bafuna ukulondoloza nokwandisa izihlahla eziwusizo. Ukupheka ugqumugqumu akuyona inkinga, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezindlela zokuzalanisa.
Uyazi? U-Tsar Ivan III wayala ukuba aphule izivande ze-jigsaw, okwakuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi i-bersen ', eMoscow. Kunombono wokuthi i-Bersenevskaya Embankment ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa ye-ugqumugqumu.
Indlela yokukhulisa ukulayishwa okusha kwe-ugqumugqumu okuzungezile
Ukukhiqizwa izendlalelo ezingezansi, umgodi ongama-7 cm ejulile ulungisiwe, isiqu esikhethiwe sigoba phansi (ngokucophelela ukuze singaphuli) futhi sifinyelele emgodini. Ukuze igatsha lingakhulumi, liboshwe ngezibopho (izingcezu zocingo). Kusenhla kwezingxenye zihlanganiswa nenhlabathi evundile. Lapho ufinyelela amahlumela 10-12 cm, ufafaze igatsha ngenye ingqimba yenhlabathi exutshwe nama-humus. I-podsypanie yesibili ikhiqizwa ekufinyeleleni ku-15 cm, okwesithathu - ezinsukwini ezingu-20. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ihlumela lihlukaniswe nesihlahla somnikelo futhi lifakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusabalalisa ugqumugqumu ngamathembo aqondile
Izindla kusukela ezihlahleni ezindala kuneminyaka emine zifanele indlela eqondile, kanti lesi sitshalo sivuselelwa. Inqubo yenziwa ngoJuni. Wonke amagatsha amadala adutshulwa empandeni, kanti intsha ibe yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu. Ngemuva kokuthela izihlahla, i-shrub ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi evundile, lapho amahlumela amasha efinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama, isihlahla sithatha kuze kube yingxenye. Khona-ke, njalo ngamasentimitha angu-15, i-hilling iphindwe.
Maphakathi no-Agasti, isihlahla kumele sondliwe nge-urea, ungakhohlwa ngokuphuza kanye ngesonto. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, gxuma inhlabathi ehlanganiswe lapho iqhuma futhi ihlukanisa wonke amahlumela asanda kuhlanganiswa kanye nezimpande. Isihlahla esisha sizohlala endaweni engapheli ensimini.
Ukusabalalisa ngokususa amahlumela (ukubeka)
Ukusabalalisa i-ugqumugqumu ngezingqimba ze-arcuate kufana nendlela egciniwe. Umehluko yilokho Ihlumela liqiniswa yi-arc, futhi alifihli ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokulala phansi inhlabathi, i-superphosphate isetshenziswa futhi iphuziswa. Bese uqala ukulala ubuthongo ukuze i-arc ingaphezu kwendawo. Ngokuphindwe kabili ngesikhathi sehlobo, ihlumela londliwa ngezindaba eziphilayo (ukumnika kwamanzi amaningi noma ama-droppings yenkukhu). Naphezu kokuthi amahlumela aphansi, aqina kakhulu futhi aqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambili.
Indlela yokwandisa isisu ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Le ndlela ilungele ukuzalisa izinhlobo eziwusizo. Ukuze uphumelele ngokwengeziwe futhi ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, unyaka ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa okuhlongozwayo, iziqu ezindala zikhishwa emmpandeni.
Entwasahlobo, ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso, ekwindla - kuze kufike amaqhwa ebusuku. Izihlahla zokupheka ugqumugqumu zimba futhi zihlukanise amahlumela amasha kusuka kwabandala. Sika izinkuni ngomlotha ukuvimbela izifo. Qinisekisa ukuthi isithombo sinezimpande ezihluthukile futhi okungenani amahlumela amathathu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi igcwele umfutho we-superphosphate, i-potash usawoti kanye nama-humus. Ungatshala ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Kungenzeka yini ukusabalalisa imbewu ye-ugqumugqumu
Imbewu ithathwe amajikijolo avuthiwe, ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi futhi ishiywe emabhokisini kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, amabhokisi angcwatshwa ekujuleni kwamamitha amahlanu futhi ahlanganiswe nengqimba yenhlabathi engama-20 cm ngenhla, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ihlanganise nengqimba encane ye-peat. Lapho amaqabunga amabili evela ezinhlangothini, izithombo zenziwa emibhedeni. Ehlobo, zihluma ukhula, zanisela futhi zithukulule inhlabathi ezungezile. Ngekuwa, amahlumela amakhulu atshalwa ensimini.
Ngaphambi kokwandisa i-gooseberries evela ezihlwini, qaphela ukuthi le ndlela inhle yokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha. Izici ze-varietal zezihlahla zomama ngalokhu kuzaliswa akulondoloziwe.
Kuyathakazelisa I-Gooseberries yatshala ezindaweni zazo ezigciniwe ngabanikazi bomhlaba kanye nabahlonishwayo. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zalo eziluhlaza okwenziwe iwayini eliphakeme le-viscous. Ijubane elihlaza elimnandi elimnandi elibizayo lalibizwa ngokuthi i-emerald eluhlaza ukuze kube nomthunzi omnandi, othungayo.
Amagqabhagqabha wokuzalisa amabhande okuhlala njalo
Ukuqhuba izihlahla eziguga ukuguga, ungalahleli amagatsha aqunyiwe - uwasebenzise ukutshala. Yenza i-groove bese ungcwaba igatsha ukuze kuphela phezulu kwekhanda kuphezulu. Fafaza igatsha ngenhlabathi evundile. Umhlabathi udinga ukugcoba, futhi uma uphahla amahlumela aluhlaza, amaqabunga e-lateral azovusa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amahlumela kudingeka adliwe nge-Nitrophosphate (20 mg / m²). Ekubeni, amahlumela angu-20-cm-eside ahlanganiswa, ahlukaniswe ngamagatsha ahlukene anezimpande, futhi atshalwe endaweni engapheli.
Qaphela! Uma amahlumela engathuthukiswa kakhulu, ungawabeka ekushiseni okushisa ukuze ukhule.
Lesi sihloko sichaza Izindlela ezilula kakhulu zokuzalanisa isihlahla esiwusizo: indlela yokusakazwa ngayo imbewu, ukuhlukaniswa, ukusika kanye nendlela yokukhulisa i-gooseberries evela e-sprig. Ukusebenzisa ezinye zazo, ungandisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ozithandayo futhi uphinde uphume entsha.
