Ezindaweni zezakhamuzi zasehlobo zanamuhla, kulula ukubona izitshalo ezingavamile futhi ezingavamile nje kuphela ezenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa, kodwa nazo zingaletha isivuno esiwusizo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomunye walawa zitshalo, owaziwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamagama "amagama" amaningana: izinsuku zezingfus, unabi kanye ne-Chinese.
I-Jujube: Incazelo Engaphandle
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, i-unabi inezinhlobonhlobo zayo zokulima nokukhathalela, noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokucubungula, kufanele wazi kangcono izinsuku zakwaShayina.
IJujube iyisitshalo sezithelo ezisezindaweni ezishisayo ezilokhu zanda kakhulu eChina iminyaka engaphezu kuka-6000. Kuleyo ndawo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zikhula endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200, okungaphezu kwensimu ethathwe yizo zonke izilimo zezitshalo e-Ukraine.
Uyazi? Izithelo eziwusizo kakhulu ze-unabi zifanelekile lezo ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezizintaba, lapho inhlabathi ingapheli khona.
I-India, i-Pakistan, i-Afghanistan, i-Algeria, i-Israel, i-Egypt namazwe aseCaucasus ingaziqhenya ngamasimu amakhulu kakhulu ezinsukwini ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maduze baye babonisa isithakazelo kubo e-USA, Italy, eSpain, eFrance, eRussia nase-Ukraine.Jujube emelelwe umuthi omncane (noma isihlahla esiphezulu) ngokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu. Umqhele ububanzi, usakazeka futhi unomumo okhangayo kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amahlumela abomvu obomvu anomumo oguqulwe ngamadolo, futhi ama-spikes amancane atholakala kuma-curves kuze kufike ku-3 cm ubude.
Izithelo ze-Unabi ziyi-oblong, i-spherical noma i-pear-shaped, 1.5 cm ubude futhi isilinganiselwa ku-50 g. Umbala wabo ungahluka kakhulu: kusuka obala obomvu kuze kube mnyama. I-pulp ye-drupe (okungukuthi, i-drupe yisithelo se-zizifus) kunomsoco futhi kunomusa omuhle noma omnandi. Ngokuvamile, kokubili ukunambitheka nombala, izithelo ze-exotus zifana ne-apple eyomile, nakuba ixabiswa ngobuningi bezinto eziwusizo ezakhayo (ikakhulukazi i-potassium ne-magnesium kufanele ihlukaniswe).
Zingasetshenziswa zombili zenziwe futhi zenziwe kusuka kuzifus: inqubo yamazambane ahlambulukile, ama-marmalades, ama-compotes noma izithelo ezifakiwe. Zibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi embonini ye-confectionery. Ngomumo omisiwe wesithelo kungaba ngaphezu konyaka, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa zonke izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukwandise le nqubo, udinga ukwazi kahle indlela yokugcina kahle izithelo ze-zizifusa. Isibonelo, ifomu elivame kakhulu lokugcina isitshalo esinikeziwe yisithelo esomisiwe noma esomisiwe esabekwe emgodini wezingilazi ovalwe ngokuqinile, eshiyiwe egumbini elinendawo yokushisa ejwayelekile (kuze kube ngu-+25 ° C). Basha, bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokuthula ngehoraji efrijini yonke inyanga. 
Kubalulekile! Njengoba izithelo ze-unabi zingenawo ama-wax, kulula ukuma elangeni ngaphandle kokulungiselela okwengeziwe. Ngale fomu, iqukethe ama-5% ama-acids e-organic, ama-15-25% we-ushukela, ama-1.5-3% amaprotheni, kuze kube ngu-2% we-isitashi, ama-3-4.5% wamafutha kuze kube ngu-1.1% we-pectin.Izithelo ezomile nezitshalo zikaJjjube zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekwelashweni kwemikhuhlane, izinkinga nezinso, isibindi, isisu nenhliziyo.
Ukuhleleka kwesikhathi nokukhetha indawo yokufika
Uma usuhlole ukuthi yiziphi i-ziziphus, futhi unquma ngokuqinile ukukhula lesi sitshalo endaweni yakho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini engcono yokwenza ukufika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla kunomthelela omkhulu wokungabikho kwe-unabi lapho kuqala ama-frosts asekuqaleni.
Kubalulekile! Isici sesici sosuku lwamaShayina ukukhula okusheshayo ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokutshala, ngakho-ke, ukwakheka komqhele kungabalwa ngaphambi konyaka owodwa.UZizifus uthanda ukukhanya kakhulu futhi ukhula kabi ezindaweni ezingezansi, futhi izimbali zihlala ziba izimbali ezingenalutho. Yingakho izithombo ze-unabi zingakusiza ukukhetha indawo efihliwe emabhulokheni, kodwa kufinyelela kalula emisebeni yelanga.
Ukuze uthole ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwezinsuku zesiShayina, izingxenye ezingenhla nezingezansi zomthambeko oseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanye nezindawo eziphambene nezindawo ezivikelekile zilungile. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka 2-3 m.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Naphezu kokuthi i-unabi iyisitshalo esiyingqayizivele kithi, ukukhula ngeke kube nzima futhi kuyinakekele kulula. I-Unabi ayithobeki kahle ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, kepha isabela kumanyolo owengeziwe ngokuvuna okukhulu. 
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo, kubalulekile ukulungisa izimbobo ngobukhulu bamamitha kuya emitha kusengaphambili bese usungula umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nomquba wezinkomo ezihlanjululwayo (ungahlanganiswa nomhlabathi).
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-zizifus, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umqhele we-unabi uqala ukukhula ngesikhathi sokukhula, okusho ukuthi kungcono ukunamathela kuhlelo lokutshala lesi-3x4.
Ukutshala izithombo zejjube kusayithi
Uma ukhetha izinhlobo zeShayina, zithande izinhlobo ezincane zama-frost ezitshalwe kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi noma kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba. Izitshalo ezincane zingcwatshwa emgodini zingabi ngaphezu kuka-10 cm, futhi emva kokutshala zimanzi ngobuningi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuze kusinde isikhathi esingcono seShayina, i-zizyphus agrotechnology ihlanganisa ukuxubha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezincane, ezithathwa esikhundleni sokumba. Uma wenza i-mulching, udaba lwezinto eziphilayo lufakwa ngezikhathi ezithile emhlabathini.
Ngemuva kokubeka umquba emgodini ovundisiwe, ugcwalise ngokuqinile ngomhlabathi bese uhlunga. Emva kwalokho, zonke izihlahla ezincane kumele ziphuze ngokucophelela.
Ungasebenzisa ngisho nesithombo esakhula ngokuzimela kusuka etsheni, kuphela kuleli cala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lolu khetho lokuzalanisa luyinkimbinkimbi futhi luyinkimbinkimbi.
I-Zizyphus Pollination
I-Zizifus isitshalo esiphambanwe yi-cross-pollinated esingakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno, kubalulekile ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana ze-unabi ngesikhathi esisodwa kulesi sakhiwo sakho. Lapho besondelene kakhulu (Yebo, ukucabangela zonke izidingo), kuzoba lula ukudlulisa impova.
Ukunakekelwa kweJujube
Ukutshala okulungile kungxenye yesigamu sempumelelo, kodwa kusadingeka unikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele nge zizifus. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona into enzima kakhulu, kodwa into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa isitshalo ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, umanyolo kanye nokususwa kokhula.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokungajwayelekile futhi ngobuncane, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho mvula isikhathi eside. Ukutshala inhlabathi kuyingozi ku-unabi futhi kungaholela ekuvuneni okuncane kakhulu.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sesimiso sawo, ama-ziziphus awunalo kuphela izinga eliphezulu lokumelana nesithwathwa, kodwa futhi kalula abhekane nesomiso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile kulimaza isitshalo, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kukhishwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoJuni, lapho izithelo ziqala ukukhula, izitshalo zidinga ukoma, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kukhanselwe ngokuphelele. 
Lapho kuqala inkathi yokuqala yokukhula, ungaqala ukondla zizifus. Yenziwa kabili ngomnyaka ngamunye futhi ngokuvamile isebenzisa i- "Crystal", ifakwe emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-15-20 g ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Lapho kuqala u-fruiting ogcwele, inani lokugqoka liyakhula, lenezela umquba omuncu owenziwe ngomumo.
Ukuzalisa i-Zizyphus kunzima kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile imbewu isetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izitshalo ezweni labo, elihluma futhi likhule kabi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza ukukhiqizwa kokuzijabulisa kanye nosizo lokuhluma, kepha kuyinselele ngempela. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi baye basebenzisa ukuthengwa kwezithombo ezilungisiwe kusuka ochwepheshe abafakazelwe.
Ukunakekela i-unabi kuhlinzekela ukuhlanza okwesikhashana kwesayithi kusuka kumkhula okhulayo, omakhelwane abangathandeki kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Ngaphambi kokufika kwezithombo ezincane ezibandayo zasebusika, izikhwebu zabo zihlanganiswe ngezinto ezingezona eziboshwe. Izitshalo ezindala zitholakala ekufudumeni kuphela kulezo zifunda lapho izinga lokubanda ebusika liwela ngezansi -35 ° C.
Ukunciphisa nokwenza umqhele unabi
Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, usuku lwamaShayina luzodinga ukwakha umqhele, kodwa kungcono ukwenza le nqubo eminyakeni emibili emva kokuvuthwa, okuzosiza ekugwemeni ukulimala okungenalutho. 
Ngokuvamile, umqhele unikezwa umdwebo wekomishi ngosizo lwamagatsha amakhulu angama-4-5, abekwe eduze kwesiqu. Kulesi simo, ihlumela eliyinhloko kumele lifinyelelwe ku-15-20 cm, futhi amanye amagatsha anciphise ngezinga elifanayo nalo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokubunjwa kwe-zizyphus, ukusika izihlahla ezitshala ngaphakathi kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isitshalo esihle kakhulu esakhelwe futhi sihle sizohlobisa noma iyiphi insimu futhi sizokwazi ukukujabulisa ngezimbali zayo isikhathi eside.
Ukuhluma: ukuvuna iJjjube
Isikhathi se-fruiting ezitshalweni ze-unabi siqala eminyakeni engama-4-5 kuphela emva kokuhlwanyela kwembewu, kanti isikhathi sokukhiqiza esitshalweni siqala iminyaka engu-10-15 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kahle, ngisho ne "pectoral berry" ephakanyisiwe evela ethambo iyoqala ukwakha i-ovary ngonyaka ka-2-3, kuyilapho izithombo ezihlukahlukene zihambisana ne-rooting ephezulu, zingaletha amajikijolo ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala endaweni evulekile.
U-Zizifus usuqedile ngasekupheleni, okukuvumela ukuba ugweme izinsalela zentwasahlobo ezishisayo. Kunezimbali eziningi, futhi kuzo zivela iphunga elimnandi kakhulu, elimnandi eliheha inqwaba yezinambuzane. Ubude besikhathi sokuqhakaza luyizinsuku ezingaba ngu-60. Naphezu kokuthi ezinye zezimbali azihlali zingenakusihlwa, lapho i-fruiting, i-unabi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kuze kufike ku-60 kg amajikijolo (kusuka kwesitshalo esisodwa esidala).
Izimbali ezingekho ngesikhathi esisodwa ze-zizifus zithinta ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, okungafani futhi. Eqinisweni, ukuvuna izithelo ezithengiswayo ekwindla kuvame ukuphuza kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba (kuqala ngo-Septhemba).
Uyazi? Isisindo sesithelo se-zizifus singashintsha kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-20 g.Uma kusetshenziselwa ukudla okusha kuyadingeka ukulinda ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo ze zizifus, bese kusetshenziselwa ukucubungula basuswa emagatsheni lapho i-topcoat ebomvu ebonakalayo ivela engxenyeni yesithathu yomhlaba. Ngokuvamile, izithelo ze-unabi azikwazi ukususwa isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ziwashiya zilenga esihlahleni.
Ukuze kususwe kahle, "ikhefu" elikhethekile lisetshenzisiwe, elinamazinyo ngo-1 cm. Ngalesi "ikhefu", izithelo ze-zizifus zikhishwa kwifilimu, ngemva kwalokho zihlukaniswa nezihlumela nezithelo. Kufika ku-30 kg wezithelo eziqoqiwe emthini owodwa. Isitshalo esomile singagcinwa iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. 
Yiqiniso, ukutshala kusayithi udinga ukuthi ube nezitshalo ze-varietal, futhi kungcono ukuthenga i-Zizyphus, phakathi kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko ezibalwe kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala. I-unabi enjalo kuphela ayikhulumi ngempumelelo kuphela esimweni sethu sezulu, kodwa futhi iyakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngaphambi kwekwindla yokuqala yokushisa. Yizihlobo ezinjalo ezihlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ezinkulu ezikhethwe yiMoldavia okuthiwa uMori Jer. Ukunakekelwa okuncane kufanele kuhokhwe ezinhlobonhlobo nge-term average yokuvuthwa kwezithelo okuthiwa u-Vakhsh (isisindo sezithelo zawo sifinyelela ku-14-16 g). Noma kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo ozikhethayo, kufanele uhlale ukhumbule imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izitshalo ezinjalo ezingavamile.
