Umndeni omdala unezinhlobo ezingamashumi amane. Esizindeni sethu, umdala omnyama uvame ukutshala.
Kubhekwa njengezihlukahlukene ezihlobisa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwe-elderberry nombala osetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha.
Ukutshala kahle elderberry
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lo mdala wayengafuni ukunakwa, watshalwa eduze kwendlu, kwakukholelwa ukuthi umdala uyaziqhenya imimoya emibi. Ukuhlwanyela kahle kanye nezihlahla ezihlotshiswe kahle ekugcineni kuzokukujabulela ngemifino eluhlaza kanye nokuvuna okuhle kwamajikijolo.
Uyazi? Ngaphakathi izikhathi zasendulo, abantu baseBalkan, beqhuba imikhosi ebiza imvula, esetshenziselwa amagatsha abo ase-elderberry. Kanye nezinye izitshalo, bembethe udonsa wesiko, ekupheleni komkhosi amagatsha asuswe futhi agcwala amanzi.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala i-elderberry yisithombo
I-elderberry ayiyona isitshalo esingenasisekelo, kodwa ithanda ukukhanya okuhle. Thola indawo evulekile kahle enyakatho noma empumalanga yesakhiwo. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela umthunzi omncane, kodwa ukuhlala njalo emthunzini kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ze-Elderberry ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza zitshalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo, kungenjalo isitshalo saphela futhi silahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo konke okuhlobisa.
I-elderberry ihlobanisa ngokuphelele nomakhelwane, ngaphandle kwalokho, ekhula eduze kwezithelo noma izimbali ezihlobisa izimbali kanye nezihlahla zizosiza ekuhambiseni impova. Lesi sitshalo sigwema izinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutshala eceleni kwendlu yangasese yomgwaqo noma umgodi womquba.
Ukutshala nini futhi kanjani
Ngokuba ukudala blackberryberry kulungile kakhulu umhlabathi loamy. Uma inhlabathi endaweni yakho iyasebenza, yiyisebenzise nge-lime. Ukutshala i-Elderberry kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla, esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Umgodi ugobe isigamu semitha ejulile futhi ukhulelwe ngamakhomikhali e-organic and phosphorus-potassium. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi engaphansi komgodi kumele ikhululiwe. Ukulinganisa kufakwa emgodini, ngaphandle kokujula intamo. Bese ufafaze inhlabathi ehlanzekile, futhi phezu kokukhulelwa futhi tamped. Izithombo kufanele zidonswe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, emva kokuba inhlabathi ihlelwe ngamanzi, ubophe isithombo esikhwameni. Kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sigxila futhi ihluma, kufanele iphuze njalo. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, isihlahla sizokunikeza umbala.
Ezinye izici zokunakekelwa kwe-blackberryberry emnyama
Ukunakekela i-elderberry akulona kunzima, uma nje kunokukhanya okwanele, umswakama nokunciphisa ngesikhathi. Lesi sitshalo sizohlobisa noma yiliphi ingadi elinemibala yalo, futhi amajikijolo enombala obomvu okhanyayo emagatsheni ombala obomvana ayokwanelisa ngisho ukunambitheka okunamandla kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Okhokho bethu, amaSlav, benza ama-elderberry amakhotsheni emagatsheni futhi bahlobisa izindlu zabo namasango, izicingo nezinye izakhiwo zegceke. Ngobusuku buka-Ivan Kupala, amagatsha amadala avikela abantu nemindeni yabo kubathakathi kanye neminye imimoya emnyama.
Ukunisela umhlabathi
I-Elderberry ibekezelele isomiso kahle, kodwa inenzuzo yokuba ibe inhlabathi emanzi ngaphandle kwamanzi angapheli. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuchelela njalo, futhi abantu abadala badla imvula. Uma ihlobo lingeneli emvula, khona-ke ukuchelela okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Ngokucophelela udinga ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi ngesikhathi sesisu sezithelo. Esikhathini esomile neshisayo, amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla 15 amalitha amanzi kanye ngesonto. Umthetho oyisisekelo wokunisela: inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-shrub akumele ime. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe, ihlanzwe ukhula, ukuze uhlelo lwe-elderberry luphefumula kalula futhi lungavunyelwe izakhi.
Qaphela! Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama emhlabathini ekushiseni okweqile, thambisa umjikelezo osondelene nesitshalo nge-peat noma izinkuni zezinkuni.
Nini nokuthi ungondla kanjani inhlabathi
Enhlabathini ecebile izakhi, elderberry iqala ngaphandle kokufaka umquba. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emva kwe-avitaminosis yasebusika nasezikhathini zasehlobo zezimbali, i-nitrogen fertilizing ngeke ibe yinto engadingekile. Umquba oqinile uhlakazekile esiqwini futhi wangcwatshwa enhlabathini ngokulimaza, futhi ukufakelwa kwamanzi kuyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuchelela.
Kusukela kumanyolo omquba, umanyolo noma umquba, inyamazane yenkukhu, kanye ne-tincture yomquba kanye ne-litter kuyizintandokazi. Amaminerali amaminerali ayadingeka uma lesi sitshalo sikhule kancane noma sinciphile. Kulesi simo, yenza ingxube yezingxube zamaminerali ngokunisela. Kungenzeka futhi ukuqinisa isitshalo esibuthakathaka nge-urea. Ukwenza lezi zinqubo ezilula, ehlobo uzothola izinkamba ezindala zezimbali ezimnyama, kanti ekutholeni uzobutha isivuno esicebile sezithelo ezinempilo.
Ukudubula okulungile
Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusika iziqu zemigatsha eyonakele noma efriziwe kwenziwa. Kanye neminyaka yonke emihlanu izihlahla ezikhadinikidi ziyenziwa ukuze zivuselele izihlahla zakudala. Sika kancane, ushiye ingxenye yesigamu. Ngakho, amagatsha amasha akhula futhi amagxolo e-trunk avuselela.
Ukunciphisa kancane kwenziwa ukwenza umqhele. Isikhathi eside sokucabanga mayelana nokusika umdala omdala akufanelekile. Ngisho noma ngabe ushaya ngengozi okungaphezu kwalokho ohlele, i-shrub izophinde ilulame ngokushesha. Izinyanga ezimbalwa, umdala uzoqala amahlumela amasha. Ukudubula kudingekile ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-elderberry, ezithela izithelo. Uma uneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, awuyikubopha izithelo.
Izindlela zokuzala
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzala i-blackberry i-blackberry yi-vegetative, ngendlela yembewu, izinhlobo zezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ze-varietal ezingavamile kakhulu.
Imbewu
Kwenyuka kalula imbewu. Lungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili, susa ukhula, uhlume ngomanyolo, ukhulule nge-rake. Ngo-Okthoba, uqoqe imbewu bese uhlwanyela emibhedeni ngamamitha ayisentimitha angama-25 ebangeni elingama-25 cm. Ukuhlwanyela kwe-Moisten. Ekupheleni kwekwindla, izitshalo zizokhula zibe ngu-50 cm.
Ukuze intwasahlobo ihlwanyele imbewu kufanele iqhube inqubo yokucubungula. Gweba imbewu izinsuku ezinhlanu, njalo uguqule amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibaze emgodini ongenamanzi nge-sand sand kanye nesitolo esiqandisini cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhluma kwembewu. Lapho sekuphelelwa yisikhathi, susa kusuka esiqandisini bese ugcina endaweni eyomile. Ukutshala izitshalo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokuwa.
Cuttings
Izimila zitshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-cuttings, inhlabathi e-acidida idinga ukukhawulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (mhlawumbe ngonyaka). I-Cuttings ingena ku-20 cm, nge-internodes ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Ama-cuttings ahlaza atshalwe ezimweni zokushisa, efafaza inhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat. Lapho izithombo zinamandla, zifakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Umgodi wenza 50x50, i-humus, i-potassium sulfate kanye ne-superphosphate kabili kunezelwa phansi. Ukuthungwa okujulile akudingekile. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngamamitha amabili. Emva kokutshala kumele kuphuziswa.
Ama-cuttings angaguquki atshalwa ngokushesha endaweni enomphela, ngendlela efanayo ne-green ones. Ngemuva kokutshala ummbila omdala we-elderberry, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele - ukuchelela njalo nokukhululeka eduze kwesiqu. Uma izicucu ezingenayo zitshalwe ekwindla, kufanele zigcinwe emakhazeni futhi zitshalwe entwasahlobo emhlabathini.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane ezimbi ezindala ezingamnyama
Izifo zomdala omnyama ngaleyo ndlela aziwa. Lesi sitshalo esiqinile asikwazi ukugula, ngezinye izikhathi sihlaselwa yizinambuzane. Ukuvikela ngokumelene nama-aphid, ama-shrub aphethwe ngama-insecticide ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isixazululo sikaVoloton (20 g ngalinye ngamaminithi ayi-10 l) sisiza kusuka e-aphid kanye nemikhaza efanayo. Kusukela ezindleleni zomuntu, ukumnika isikhumba se-anyanisi noma i-pepper ebomvu ebomvu kubhekwa njengokusebenza kahle. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esiqhakazayo, ukumnika okufanayo kufakelwa ku-powdery isikhutha.
Ngonyaka kabili ngonyaka - ngaphambi kokuphuza amaqabunga futhi emva kokulimala - ukuze kuvinjelwe, amahlumela ahlanjululwa ngesisombululo se-2% se-Nitrafen. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu ukuze ubhubhise izinambuzane nezifungi endaweni engenhla enhlabathini noma emagqabeni. Isixazululo se-Copper sulfate sisetshenziselwa i-prophylaxis. Isisombululo se-urea amaphesenti ayisikhombisa akuyona nje i-fungicide ne-insecticide yokuvikela, kodwa futhi umanyolo we-nitrogenous osiza ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwesitshalo.
