Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi abalimi balithanda ukutshala ama-dahlias emakhazeni, ngoba lezi zimbali zinenani elingenakulinganiswa lezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dahlias ziyahlukahluka kumingcele eminingi: ukuphakama kwesitshalo, ubukhulu nokuma kwe-efihlekile, ilungiselelo lamagundane, izimo zokukhula nokunakekela, nombala webala.
Okuncane mayelana nemibala ekwindla
Igama lesibili lembali nguDahlia, kokubili amagama anikezwa ngamagama ama-botanists: I. UGeorgi no-A. Dahl. UDahlias angomndeni wakwa-Astrov, amazwe aseNingizimu Melika abhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yezimbali.
Uyazi? Izizwe zamaMeya ngaphambi kwemasiko abo angcwele zazihlobisa amathempeli abo ngama dahlias. Izizwe zama-aztec zakhula ama-dahlias njengezitshalo zokwelapha futhi zisetshenziswe ekudleni. AmaNdiya ayebheka lezi zimbali njengezithunywa zawonkulunkulu, izipho zelanga futhi azikhulekela.
Akunakwenzeka ukutshela ngazo zonke izinhlobo - kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kweziyishumi kubo, kepha amagama ambalwa angashiwo ngokujwayelekile. I-inflorescences yama-dahlias ingaba enkulu noma encane.
Izikhala zazo zinemibala ehlukene kakhulu nemibala. Emaceleni e-cactus dahlias afana nezinaliti ezinzima, njengezintambo zibe yitayipi.
I-dahlias eyindilinga ihlukaniswa yi-infryrescence ye-terry enezikhala ezinamapulangwe ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga azinzile. I-Pompon dahlias ifana nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, kodwa isayizi encane.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-dahlias ezihlabayo, futhi umbala wombala ugcwala ubugovu - amathoni amaningi kanye nemibala yale mibala yasebukhosini yangempela.
Indlela yokutshala ama-dahlias
Zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi zifanele izitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuzala, ukuphelelwa amandla nokuqina komswakama. Akunconywa ukuba uwatshale eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - ama-dahlias awawamukeli umswakama owedlulele.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala eduze kwezitshalo ngesimiso esinamandla, njengoba zidonsa zonke izakhi ezisemhlabathini. Umhlabathi we-dahlias ulungiselelwe, ukubuka izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe: i-humus spade, i-pinch bone bone, i-lime encane eboshiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi we-30x30 cm usayizi ugcwaliswa kuze kube yingxenye ngenhlanganisela.
Imigomo yokufika endaweni evulekile
Eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMeyi, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamehlo zitshalwe. Izithombo ezikhulayo - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho amaqhwa engabikho.
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi nokulungiselelwa kwenhlabathi
Indawo evulekile, evulekile neyelanga - Le ndawo lapho ungatshala khona ama-dahlias. Asikho isidingo sokutshala eduze kwezingcingo eziphakeme kanye nezindonga, eduze kwezihlahla noma ezihlahleni ezikhulayo: isithunzi ngeke sivumele amadahlias ukuba athuthuke ngokugcwele futhi aqhakaze.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izimbali, umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi ufafazwe ngethambo lesidlo. Ukuze kuvikelwe izidumbu ezilimaza izimpande, ungenza ama-insecticide granulated emhlabathini. Uma izitshalo ezigulayo zikhula ngaphambi kwama-dahlias, ziphathe umhlabathi nge-formalin noma i-sulfate yethusi.
Ukulungiselela izilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala
I-tuber engasenyakatho ihlelwe ngaphansi kwe-fossa, ene-peephole phezulu. Balala ngenhlabathi, bayayinisela, futhi njengoba ikhula bayayifaza umhlaba ukuze bayigubungele ngokuphelele. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezihluma ngaphambi kokutshala ziphuziswa kahle, ukuze inhlabathi ezimpandeni zayo zivezwe, khona-ke itshalwe ndawonye nenhlabathi emgodini.
Indlela yokunakekela ama-dahlias ezweni
Ukunakekela ama-dahlias akufani nokunakekela ezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa: ukunakwa, ukuchelela ngesikhathi nokucwilisa, ukuhlanza ukhula oluphazamisa ukukhula okufanele nokudla okunomsoco.
Ukunisela nokudla umhlabathi
Esikhathini esishisayo, izimbali zidinga ukuphuziswa nsuku zonke, ekupheleni kokunisela kwesizini kuncishisiwe. Kunconywa ukuba uchithe ama-dahlias kusihlwa ngamanzi ahlelekile ekamelweni lokushisa. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo, kunconywa ukuba ubophe ama-dahlias ukuze angawaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo.
Ukuze i-dahlias ikhule kahle futhi iqhakaze ngokumangalisayo, idinga ukondliwa okungenani kathathu phakathi nenkathi yehlobo ne-fertilizer ephilayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi udoti lwenkomo noma ama-droppings ezinyoni zihlanjululwa ngamanzi. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali kabili ngenyanga, izimbali ziqukethe izixazululo ze-potash ne-phosphorus.
Ukukhulula nokukhipha inhlabathi
Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuyigcwalisa nge oksijini. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-dahlia efihlekile, inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande ihlanganiswe nama-humus noma i-peat.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluma kushaywa ngokuqinile futhi kuhluma, kudingeka ususe amahlumela aphansi phakathi nokukhula kwama-dahlias. Yenza inqubo ye-pasynkovaya ngaphambi kokuthi ifihlekile.
Amaqabunga amancane noma athuthukile asusiwe, ashiya eyodwa noma amabili enempilo ephuma ezihlwini ezintathu ku-inflorescence. I-inflorescences ekhulayo nayo isusiwe ukuze ingabambezeli ukuthuthukiswa kweziqu.Ukulimala kuyadingeka - ukususa ukhula kuvimbela izifo kanye nokuntuleka komsoco. Ngenkathi yesomiso, kuyadingeka ukupaka izitshalo, ngakho umswakama uzohlala isikhathi eside.
Ukumba nokugcina izimpande dahlia ebusika
Kufanelekile ukwazi nokuthi ngisiphi isikhathi sokukhipha ama-dahlias wokugcina ubusika. Isikhathi sokumba sigxile kwisimo sezulu endaweni yakho, ngokuvamile ukuqala noma ukuphela kuka-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa amabi.
Kubalulekile ukusika iziqu zesitshalo nge-secateur, ugcine u-15 cm. Hlola ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande. Isibonelo, amafoloko, okwenza ukumba kusuka ezinhlangothini eziningana. Shiya kubo amasonto amabili endaweni epholile, bese ufaka emabhokisini, umboze ngesihlabathi futhi uphinde ugcine emiphongolweni.
Ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi izimpande aziphili yini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zomile. Uma izimpande zoma, ungazifuthoza kancane ngamanzi.
Qaphela! Ngaphambi kokushiya lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zokugcina esitokisini, kuhle ukuwaphatha ngesisombululo se-lime noma umlotha ezifweni.
Izindlela Zokuzalanisa Dahlia
Ukuze uthole izitshalo eziluhlaza, izimbali, kubalulekile ukwazi ukutshala ama-dahlias ngendlela efanele. Umthetho oyinhloko yikhwalithi nempilo yokutshala impahla. Izitshalo ze-tuber kumele zibe namahlumela aqinile, futhi ama-cuttings kumele abe nezimpande ezincane namahlumela.
Ukuhlukanisa izimpande izimpande
Azikho zokupheka eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-dahlias ezikhulayo ezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngentwasahlobo, amehlo avela ezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia, njengamazambane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungahlukanisa izilimo eziyizigaxa, uzifake uhhafu wosuku.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlukanisiwe zitshalwe emabhokisini ezinsimu enhlabathini enomanzi. Shiya intamo ye-tuber evulekile. Ukushisa lokugcina kumele okungenani kube ngu-15°C. Uma ukuphuza, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ungayinqamuli entanyeni. Isikhathi lapho ama-dahlias atshalwa khona entwasahlobo emhlabathini yinyanga kaMeyi.
Cuttings
Ukusika kwenziwa phakathi nobusika. Okokuqala, zihlume izilimo eziyizigaxa, bese uzigawula ezikhulile zibe amahlumela angu-7 ngechungechunge lekhola yezimpande. Inhlabathi ithululelwa embizeni ekhethiwe ukusika.
Ungakwazi ukucubungula amathiphu okusika "iKornovin", bese uhlwanyela ebhodweni, uhlale unamanzi nomoya. Lapho izihlahla zikhula, ungazihlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile.
Uyazi? Uma usika i-dahlia ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, amahlumela aphinde avele. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthole impahla yokutshala kuze kube kathathu.
Ukukhula kwama-dahlias kusuka kumbewu
Le ndlela yokuzalanisa isetshenziselwa ama-dahlias waminyaka yonke nengekho kabili, kanye nokuzalisa izinhlobo ezintsha. Ngendlela yembewu, i-dahlias ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zekhwalithi ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile zigula. Uma unquma ukusakaza i-dahlias ngembewu, ingahlwanyelwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasemabhokisini wezithombo ebusika.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-dahlias, ukulwa nazo
I-Dahlias iyakwazi ukuthola izifo eziningi: i-viral, ibhaktheriya ne-fungal. Uma i-viral indawo ephuzi yendandatho amathiphu amaqabunga ahlotshiswe ngamasongo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemigqa.
I-bronze imibuthano ehlukene yokukhanya eluhlaza phakathi kwamaqabunga, kuyilapho amahlamvu efa. Umbukiso we-Virus ibophe amaqabunga. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kabi futhi siyi-blooms, esivela esihlahleni esijwayelekile siba yinto encane. I-mosaic yama-Oak elibhekiswe emaceleni amaqabunga amaqabunga e-oak. Ngeshwa, isitshalo esithatha igciwane sidinga ukuchithwa, futhi amathuluzi owawucubungula kufanele aphethwe ngokuphelele nge-disinfected, njengomhlabathi.
Umdlavuza webhaktheriya kanye nomdlavuza omilayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukukhula kwakhiwe ohlelweni lwempande yesitshalo. Izimpande zibola futhi zingcolise inhlabathi ezungezile, amabhaktheriya abangela isifo ahlale enhlabathini iminyaka emihlanu. Icala lesibili libhekene nokubonakala kwezinqubo ezikhanyayo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kulezi zifo, izitshalo nazo zibhujiswa.
Izifo zokulwa: verticillosis, spotting, blackleg, powdery isikhutha kanye nokubola. Izimpawu zalezi zifo: isiqu esimnyama, esincane (umlenze omnyamayellowness kanye wilt ngokuzumayo (i-verticillosis), ukuphuza nokubola (ukubola okumhlophe) isiqu esimhlophe (i-powdery isikhutha).
Uma unomfutho, isitshalo kufanele siphofwe ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi, bese uphinda inqubo ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Kwezinye izimo, izindawo ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyakunqunywa, kanti ezinye ziphathwa ngezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezingathengwa kunoma iyiphi i-flower shop.
Izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezihlasela ama-dahlias: ama-aphid, thrips, izimbungulu, ama-wireworms, ama-nematodes. Uma zivela, funa lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo se-chlorophos, futhi ukukhipha ukubhema kungasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-aphid.
I-wireworm, ikakhulukazi izimpungushe, kanye nesibungu seklabishi, i-nematodes kanye ne-woodlice kudingeka ivunwe, bese isela isitshalo nge karbofos.
I-Dahlias kusayithi lakho iyodala iphalethi yombala oyingqayizivele. Lezi zitshalo zizinhle futhi zihlangene nezinye izihlahla nezimbali. Konke abakudinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ngesikhathi.
