Inhloso yokuhlwanyela utamatisi yiqiniso, izithelo zawo, yiziphi abalimi abanaka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ekuvuneni okuhle, okokuqala, kufanelekile ukukhula izithombo ezinhle kakhulu, ezidinga umanyolo ovame futhi ofanele. Ukubuyisela okunye kwalesi sitshalo kuyadingeka njalo njalo, ngakho-ke, ngezansi sicabangela ukuthi hlobo luni lomanyolo oludingayo ukondla utamatisi.
Izimpawu zokungondleki: nini udinga ukondla izithombo?
Udaba olucindezela kakhulu kuma-agroforums "Ungayondla kanjani izithombo zamatamatisi ukuze zibe neziqu ezincane?", Njengoba izithombo ezincane zivame ukukwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle futhi ziyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi izitshalo zidinga ukudla okunye. 
Ngokuvamile, izithombo zihlwanyelwa endaweni ekhethekile, egcwele zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zokukhula kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke, kuza ekugqokeni okuphezulu kuphela emva kokutshala kabusha ukuvula umhlaba.
Kubalulekile! Kudingeka ukupheka imibhede yamatamatisi ekwindla, lapho abalimi bevame ukugcwala umhlaba ngamanyolo noma ama-humus (ubani onakho). Uma sikhuluma ngomhlabathi webumba noma kuqhuma, ke ekutheni kubalulekile ukwenza i-peat encane kanye ne-sawdust kulo, okwakunesikhathi sokuthi u-perepret. Uma inhlabathi ibonakala nge-asidi ephakeme, ngeke iphazamise ufulawa omncane noma ufulawa wama dolomite. Qaphela ukuthi entwasahlobo ungenza umquba obolile kuphela emhlabathini.
Emva kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo azikhulumi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha isimo sakhe sizokutshela lokho okufunwa utamatisi:
- lapho izithombo zamatamatisi eziluhlaza zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhula kwazo emva kokufakelwa, kanye nohlaza olucebile amaqabunga aphendukileumhlaba ngokuvamile uvame kusuka kokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen;
- lapho izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhona ngokweqile kwamafutha, kufanelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini (njengokuthi "ukugcwala" amahlathi okuzayo esikhathini esizayo kungaholela esivumelwaneni esingahlanganiswa nezihlahla);
- amaqabunga amahlumela ama-utamatisi asitholile umthunzi obomvuemva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo kuvame ukufaka ubufakazi ukungabi ne-phosphorus emhlabathini, futhi uma kukhona i-phosphorus kakhulu, amaqabunga kanye ne-ovary bazophenduka futhi bawa;
- uma isithombo se-utamatisi, emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, saqala ukuphela, kusho ukuthi asikho i-nitrogen, yize noma kunezinto eziningi kakhulu emhlabathini, amaqabunga esihlahla azohlanganiswa nezindawo ezibucayi ezingaqondakali;
- lapho ushiya ama-curl emhlabathini ulandela engeza i-nitrogen ne-potassium, kodwa inani le-phosphate, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele lizame ukunciphisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezithelo zotamatisi, izithombo kumele zondliwe nge-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ikhwalithi yezithelo ezinjalo izoba ngcono nakakhulu.Qinisekisa ukwenza izindleko zemanyolo futhi kulawo maqiniso lapho uhlwanyela izithombo zakho zamatamatisi endaweni esemhlabathini. Yiqiniso, ungenza ngaphandle kwalendlela, kodwa kuphela uma ingadi yakho icebile enhlabathini emnyama.
Uma usebenzisa ukuphakelayo, zama ukungawudluli umthamo, njengoba izitshalo zingcono "ukuphefumula" (izakhi zamaminerali ezidlulayo zenza izitamatisi ngendlela engathí sina ngaphezu kokuntuleka kwazo).
I-Scheme yokudla izithombo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlobo luni lomanyolo ozolisebenzisa ukuze ukondle utamatisi wakho, kubalulekile ukulandela umthamo kanye nomanyolo womanyolo ngesifuba ngasinye. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokutshala izithombo utamatisi kanje:
- Cishe ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu emva kokuhlwanyela izithombo, ezinkomishini noma emabhokisini, izitshalo ziqala ukuhluma, kubalulekile ukutshala umhlaba: ku 1 litre amanzi, nciphisa nge isipuni se nitrophoska kanye nomanyolo obunzima ohloswe ukuba utamatisi agqoke. Ukwakhiwa okukhiphayo kuthululwa kuzo zonke izihlahla.
- Ngosuku lwama-25 emva kokuhlwanyela izithombo, engeza isisombululo se-nitrophoska ne-potassium permanganate emhlabathini (isisombululo kufanele sibe buthakathaka, ngakho-ke uthele i-litre lamanzi angaphansi kuka 1 isipuni ngasinye). Ku-1 litre lesixazululo akuyona into engafanele ukwengeza amathisipuni angu-0.5 womanyolo obunzima. Ukuphindaphinda lokhu ukugqoka izithombo zika utamatisi kufaneleka zonke izinsuku ezingu-10.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-15, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqoqa utamatisi abancane, engeza i-potassium sulphate ne-superphosphate emhlabathini (faka izipuni ezingu-10 zomuthi ngamunye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Abalimi bezandla batusa ukungeza kulo manyolo kanye nezipuni ezimbili ze-Kemira.
- Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kusukela ngosuku lokufakelwa kabusha, ithululelwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-25 kusukela ngosuku lokutshala, izithombo zithululwa ngesisombululo se-saltpeter, esandulelekile emanzini (kuphela ama-gramu angu-10 kuya ku-20 kuya ku-10).
- Umsoco we-Foliar ubuye ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kubonga kubo izithelo utamatisi ziyovuthwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungondla izitshalo kanye ngesonto noma kanye ngezinsuku eziyisithupha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amalitha angu-10 amanzi kumele ahlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 e-urea, ama-gramu angu-10 we-superphosphate kanye no-10-15 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
- Lapho izimbali zokuqala zivela ku-utamatisi ezihlabayo, kufanele zengezwe ngesisombululo se-mullein ne-azofoska (ama-gram angu-25 wezinto ngasinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
- Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma izihlahla zizodinga ukudla okubili noma ezintathu, okuyinto enconywa ukuba yenziwe ngekhefu lamasonto amabili. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi okumele uwasebenzise cishe amagremu angu-15 we-mullein (ngokuvamile abalimi bawuthathe indawo yezinyoni ze-droppings) nama-gramu angama-20 we-potassium sulfate. Uma kungekho mullein, ungathatha u-saltpeter, kodwa-ke kuphela isilinganiso sezinto ezisesixazululweni sizoba ngamagremu angu-25 we-saltpeter nama-30 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
Kubalulekile! Uma utamatisi atshalwa enhlabathini empofu, kanti ihlobo livula kakhulu, inani lokugqoka kufanele liphindwe kabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulinganisa kwazo zonke lezi zifaka umanyolo nge 1/3 ukuze utamatisi "ungashintshi".
Izinhlobo zama-Tomato Umanyolo
Uma ungazi ukuthi ungagcizelela kanjani utamatisi ngokukhula, singakutshela ngamanyolo amaningi ahlukene asetshenziselwa le njongo. Lezi zikhetho ziphelele kulabo bendawo abangasebenzisa izinto eziningi eziphilayo, kanye nabantu basezindaweni zasemadolobheni abathola kulula ukuphendukela ezondweni zezitshalo zamaminerali.
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, i-saltpeter ne-superphosphate ingafakwa emithonjeni lapho kuzotshalwa khona izithombo. Noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukusebenzisa isipuni esingaphezu kwe-1 somanyolo ngomthombo owodwa.
Ukudla nge-mullein
I-Korovyak, kaningi, isetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo wezitholela utamatisi. Uma usanda, kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe kuphela uma ulungiselela imibhede ekwindla.
Uma sikhuluma ngokudla izithombo, ke I-Mullein iqoqwa ibhakede, igcwele amanzi futhi ishiya izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwelanga elivulekile. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwalesi sinkinga, kuhlanjululwa kakhulu ngamanzi futhi kusetshenzwa imibhede. Umanyolo onjalo uyoba usizo kulo lonke izinga.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi ukwesaba kakhulu ama-mullein amaningi, angasula amahlathi abo.
Sebenzisa umlotha
Uma uhlwanyela izithombo emithonjeni, ungabuye wengeze ngamaspuni amabili omlotha, okuzohlinzeka ngesihlahla nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Kungathathwa ngokuqondile esitofu, noma ungakwazi ukusika amagatsha anqunyiwe namaqabunga awa phansi ngqo embhedeni wensimu ozayo namatamatisi.
I-Ash ikulungele utamatisi ngoba iqukethe ama-potassium amaningi, kanye ne-phosphorus ne-calcium eyanele. Yiqiniso, ngisho lapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayidluli - kungcono ukufaka inhlabathi yayo ekwindla; ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sempahla akufanele sisetshenziswe ngamamitha ayi-1 square. Ukwehla okukhulu komlotha kunconywa kuphela ngodaka kanye nenhlabathi e-acidic.
Indlela ukondla utamatisi izithombo ngemvubelo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi imvubelo inganikeza umphumela omuhle kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumatamatisi. Indlela ukondla utamatisi izithombo ngemvubelo? Kulokhu udinga ukusebenzisa isisombululo esilula - 10 amalitha amanzi, engeza imigremu eyi-10 yemvubelo ephilayo.
Ukuze kusebenze inqubo yokuvutshelwa, amanzi kufanele athathwe afudumele, futhi kuyasiza ukuhlanza ushukela othile kuwo. Lesi sombululo bese uthele utamatisi ezihlabayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngekhambi le-iodine
Ngenxa ye-iodine, izithelo utamatisi zikhula kakhulu, kanti ukuvuthwa kwazo kungenzeka kakhulu kakhulu. Ukuphuza utamatisi, uma ngesonto ukwenza isisombululo sama-10 amalitha amanzi, lapho kuphela amaconsi angu-4-5 we-iodine ayokwanela.
Umquba womanyolo
Umquba omusha we utamatisi, kanye ne-mullein, akunconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi uma kungenjalo oketshezi, kodwa kuxubene netshani. Uma lilethwa emhlabathini ekwindla, khona-ke entwasahlobo izobopha zonke futhi zenze umquba wemvelo emhlabathini. Utamatisi ungcono kakhulu umquba wamahhashi noma umquba wezinkukhu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea kokondla utamatisi
Urea kuhle kakhulu umthombo we-nitrogen. Kodwa ukuthi ungondla kanjani utamatisi we-urea, okwamanje kusezingeni lesithombo?
Ukugqoka okubalulekile kubalulekile ukufeza emva kokutshala izitshalo zotamatisi emibhedeni, ukuwaphuza ngesisombululo se-urea ngendlela engagcini ngaphezu kwezigremu ezingama-20 zalesi sitshalo semaminerali ngemitha eyodwa yesikwele. Abalimi abaningi batusa ukusebenzisa i-urea kuphela yokwelapha foliar.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo okudla utamatisi
Phakathi kwamalungiselelo awatamatisi, kuhle ukusebenzisa superphosphate ngoba lokhu kulungiselelwa kuyakwazi ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi ngokushesha nge nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulfure ngisho ne-phosphorus. Isixazululo se-superphosphate esihlabayo singasiphuliswa. Kumanyolo obunzima okunconywa ukuba uwasebenzise emibhedeni ngamatamatisi, nawo asebenza i-nitroammofosk.
Indlela yokondla ama-foliar?
Ukwelashwa kwe-Foliar kuhilela ukufafaza izihlahla kanye nesisombululo samanzi nomanyolo. Ngokuvamile, inqubo enjalo ayimpoqo, noma kunjalo, uma utamatisi itshalwa enhlabathini enamandla kakhulu, ukubukeka kwamahlathi abo kubonisa ukungabi ne-calcium ne-phosphorus, noma izimbali zizovela maduze ezihlahleni, ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu.
Indlela yokutshala isithombo utamatisi foliar indlela? Into engcono kakhulu kule nhloso i-boron, ehlinzeka ngezici ezilandelayo zezihlahla nezihlahla zazo:
- lapho kucubungula amagatsha ezimbali, kuvuselela ukwakhiwa kwama-ovaries kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo;
- Utamatisi ophathwa nge-boron iba mnandi;
- Ukugqoka okunjalo okuvimbela ukulimaza amahlumela kanye nosamatisi ngama-parasites nezifo.
Ukutshala amahlumela okushisa amahlumela kufanele kube yisisombululo esilungisiwe kulezi zilinganiso ezilandelayo: 1 litre lamanzi ashisayo (hhayi amanzi abilayo), udinga ukufaka u-1 gram we-boric acid kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki amaqabunga namaqanda kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithelo, uma sezivele zakhiwe. Isihlahla ngasinye sizodinga cishe 10 ml yalomanyolo.
Ungawondla kanjani utamatisi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza?
Sesivele sithole umbuzo othi "Ungadla kanjani izithombo ezincane zezamatamatisi?" Nokho, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukwesekwa okungeziwe phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, ikakhulu uma kuziwa ekutshalweni kokushisa okushisa. Ngokuqondile kule nkathi, kunconywa ukuthi izihlahla nezimbali zazo zondliwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile - i-nitroammophoska, i-kemira ne-diammophos.
Amatamatisi amaningi athakazelisayo adinga i-boron ne-phosphorus, owokuqala okungcono ukufaka isandla ngendlela ecacile. Ama-Organic azokusiza futhi, into esemqoka ukukwenza kube yinto evamile futhi ngezimvamisa ebekiwe ngenhla.
Uyazi? Utamatisi awuthandi uma ephuziswa kaningi, ngakho-ke uma ihlobo livula ngokwanele, khona-ke awukwazi ukukhathazeka okuningi ngokuswakama. Futhi, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, utamatisi obusika kufanele utshalwe kude ku-45 cm kusuka komunye nomunye futhi njalo ensimini ye-sunlit.
Uma sikhuluma ngabakhileyo abamba ukushisa, ke kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise kuphela umquba wamaminerali kubo, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo indaba ephilayo ingaveza imiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele kunaphandle.
Uma ulandela zonke izincomo eziphathelene nomanyolo wezotamatisi ezihlabayo, kusukela ekuqaleni kokutshala, ungakwazi ukujabulela ngokushesha izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezithandekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuna kuyoba nocebile kakhulu, futhi inhlabathi izokwazi ukuhlala ikhola ukutshala ezinye izitshalo.
