Ekuzalweni kwezilwane, izinhlobo ezintsha zithuthukiswa izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo, ezidalwe ngobuciko ngokunqamula abameleli abavele bekhona bezinhlobo ezifanayo. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenziwa ukwandisa umkhiqizo noma ezinye izimfanelo ezibalulekile.
Uma kuzaliswa izinhlobo ezintsha zezinkukhu, indima ebaluleke kakhulu idlala yizici zabo ze-egg-laying neyamazi, okuyizona ndlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha inyoni ukuze iqhubekele phambili.
Uma unesithakazelo emifuleni enhle yezinkukhu, siphakamisa ukuhlangana nabamele abakwaPoltava, abaye babetha abalimi bezinkukhu iminyaka eminingi ngokungafani kwabo nokungahloniphi.
Incazelo eningiliziwe ye-Poltava izinkukhu kanye nezici zabo eziyinhloko
Izinkukhu, okuyizona ezazingaphambi kwalolu hlobo, okuzoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko, zaziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Bese baboniswa kuwo wonke umbukiso odumile futhi babhekwa njengabagcini bemibhalo ngokukhiqizwa kweqanda - inkukhu eyodwa ingaba namapayipi angaba ngu-100 ngonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, ukwenza izinkukhu ezinjalo ngenkuthalo ezikhungweni zezimboni, abalimi bezinkukhu babulala ngokuphelele lolu hlobo.
Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ochwepheshe abathi, ngenxa yeziphambano ezihlose, babekwazi ukugcina izici eziyinhloko zohlobo lwendawo yakudala futhi bathuthukise okusha, ngcono I-Poltava.
Namuhla lolu hlobo luyingxenye engcono kakhulu ekuqondeni komkhiqizo, okuchaza ukusabalala kwalo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula lokho Kukhona ama-subspecies amathathu alakhukhukhu, okuhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye uhlobo lobuthakathaka:
Izinkukhu ze-Black Poltava. Abamele abakhiqizi abakhiqizi bezitshalo, abahlala kuyo babekelwe esinye sezifunda esifundeni sasePoltava. Kuze kube manje, inani labo lilinganiselwe kwabaningi, kodwa abalimi nabaphilayo bezilwane bazama ukulondoloza nokusabalalisa.
I-Zozulistye (i-cuckoo) i-Poltava izinkukhu. Abamele la ma-subspecies bakhangisa uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwamapulangwe, kodwa futhi basesimweni sokuqothulwa. Ngokombala, banokufana kakhulu nama-Plymouthrocks emigqa, kuphela e-Poltava, nge-alternation of stripes ekhanyayo namnyama, umbala wokuqala (ukukhanya) ukhululekile.
I-Poltava inkukhu umbala wobumba. Namuhla kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa ukuzalisa emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu futhi ngosizo lwabantu abanikezwa izinkukhu ezinhle namaqanda. Okhokho balezi subspecies bacatshangwa ukuthi bangabokuqala ukubhema, bawela nge-Orpington enemibala engenisiwe evela eYurophu, iViandoths kanye nabamele abaseNew Hampshire.
Ngesikhathi sezikhathi zaseSoviet, lo mfuyo wawuvelele kakhulu emafolini ezinkukhu zama-republic amaningi, kodwa namuhla inani labameleli balo liyehla njalo. Namuhla, izinkuni ze-Poltava zibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni njengezinhlobo zokukhiqiza inyama.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokugcina nokuzalana kwezinkukhu zasePoltava?
Isizathu sokuqala lapho bonke abalimi bezinkukhu abaye babhekana nePoltava izinkuni banakekelwa ukuthula. Awuzilimazi ngokuphelele, aziphendule kakhulu ngomusa womnikazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, zingagcinwa kalula ngezinkukhu zezinye izinhlobo kanye nezinye izilwane.
Enye inzuzo yokuzalisa yalolu hlobo amakhono afanelekayo. Ukuthutha noma ukudluliselwa akubonakali ngesisindo noma ukuziphatha kwabo.
Lokhu kufanelana kukuvumela ukuba ukhule kalula kokubili ezinkukhuleni ezinkulu ezinkukhu ezinkukhu, nasezinkukhu zezinkukhu, ngisho nasezindaweni zezinkukhu. Ngisho nezimo ezinzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhamba ngezinkukhu zePoltava zikhombisa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu futhi zikhula kahle futhi zithole isisindo.
Kuze kube manje, lolu hlobo luqhubeka nokuthuthukisa, okusivumela ukuba sikhule umugqa okhulu kakhulu wezakhi zofuzo (14-3). Inzuzo yayo ikhona yokuthi liphikisana kakhulu nezifo ezifana neoplasm ne-salmonellosis. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokusinda kwezinyoni liyakhula kakhulu, okwenza ukuba ukukhiqiza kwabo kuzuzise kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli bezakhi zofuzo ezifanayo bangaziqhenya ngamazinga akhiqiza amaqanda aphakeme kakhulu namasayizi amakhulu amaqanda.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi ukuzalana kwezilwane kunika ukuphela kwayo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunabamemezeli abambalwa kakhulu bama-black and zozulist hens, bazalwa emhlambini weqoqo, okuvumela ukuba balondoloze i-genetic gene pool yabo.
Izinkukhu ezincane zasePoltava zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili nokuthola isisindo. Ngenkathi enezinyanga eziyisithupha, ama-cockerels ngokuvamile anezinsimbi eziyi-1.5 kilogram, noma ngaphezulu.. Noma kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, inyama yalezi zinkukhu imangalisa kakhulu ukunambitheka kwayo. Kuyinto enomusa futhi enamanzi kangangokuthi ibaluleke kakhulu kunempilo yeLeggorn ethandwa kakhulu.
Izinkinga zohlobo: yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ungalethi ukulahlekelwa yizibhangqwana?
Akumangalisi, kodwa ngisho nezinhlobo ezinjalo zezinkukhu ezinjengePoltava, kunomphumela owodwa - ukuthambekela kokukhuluphala. Yiqiniso, ayizibonakali kaningi kakhulu, kodwa ingaletha abanye ekhaya lakho. ukulahlekelwa kwezimali:
ubude bokuphila kwama-obese ama-obese nezinyosi kunciphisa izikhathi eziningana;- I-egg-laying iyancipha noma iyanqamuka ngokuphelele;
- ezinkukhu ezinjalo isisindo se-hen sishubile.
ubude bokuphila kwama-obese ama-obese nezinyosi kunciphisa izikhathi eziningana;Ukuvimbela lokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza izinyoni ukudla okulinganiselayo kuphela, okugcwala ukudla nokuningi kwamaprotheni. Futhi, kunconywa ukuthi ubondle njalo ngesikhathi esifanayo.. Ungakhohlwa ngokuhamba okuvamile, okuzokwenza izinkukhu zichithe amandla awo, zivutha ngisho nalezo zicubu ezinamafutha asebevele ziqoqiwe.
Uma ubatshala ebhetri lamaselula futhi ungenalo ithuba lokuyeka ukuhamba, qiniseka ukuthi ufake amatshe ekudleni kwawo. Bazosusa i-chyme futhi bavuse izinqubo zokugaya ukudla.
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni izici zohlobo lwezinyoni kusho incazelo yangaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphandle okungenani umphumela owodwa, izinkukhu zingabhekwa njengokungabonakali futhi zinqatshiwe.
Ngimiphi imikhakha yemvelo ingabonakala izinkukhu ze-Poltava?
Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhiqiza izinkukhu ePoltava ekhaya uzothenga abantu abadala, qiniseka ukuthi unakekele lokho izici:
ikhanda lingama-medium medium, ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bomzimba wezinkukhu nama-roosters, kungase kubonakale kubonakala kuncane kakhulu;- i-crest yikhulu kakhulu emahlahleni, futhi ayibonakali ngokuphelele ezinkukhu; inokuma okufana ne-rose, kodwa ukuhluka okwenziwe ngamagatsha kuvunyelwe; umbala wekhamera ubomvu;
- indlebe ye-lobes iphinde ibambe ukunakwa ebomvu futhi ibe nobude obude;
- Ubuso bezinyoni bungaba bomvu noma obomvu, obuhlanganiswe nge-setae emfushane phezulu;
- umlomo ufushane kakhulu, cishe uqondile, kuphela kulelo phuzu cishe ngokungaqondakali kwehla kusuka phansi, okuqoshiwe okuphuzi;
- intamo ifushane futhi kunzima kakhulu, eyakha umqondo wokuthi iyingxenye yesifuba, futhi ngemuva kudlula ngokushelela ekhanda ngokusebenzisa ijika eligobile;
- isifuba sikhulu kakhulu, sihlukaniswa nesimo esinqunyiwe, futhi siya phambili;
- Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bezinyoni, umhlane wabo ubude kakhulu futhi ububanzi, unendawo enezingqimba, nakuba amahlumela amnandi anika umqondo we-arc egobile;
- Kuwo wonke umzimba, umzimba we-Poltava izinkukhu awujulile futhi uphazamisekile; uma ubuka izinyoni ezivela eceleni, ukuma kwawo kunikeza umbono we-boomerang;
- Amaphiko amancane kakhulu, aqinile kakhulu emzimbeni;
- imilenze yabameleli bohlobo ihlukaniswe kakhulu, ayikho inqwaba, inemibala ephuzi; ube nobude obude;
- umsila wezinkukhu uphuthukisiwe ophakathi futhi uqukethe amaphiko ahamba phambili ombala we-shades ehlukene, cishe akukho amabhande; kanye nomzimba, umsila udala i-angle obtuse;
- Izinkukhu zombumba zasePoltava zibonakala ngamehlo aphuzi obomvu.
ikhanda lingama-medium medium, ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bomzimba wezinkukhu nama-roosters, kungase kubonakale kubonakala kuncane kakhulu;Izinkukhu ze-Clay Poltava zinemibala yazo ekhethekile yempaphe: kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi omnyama. Kuphela amathiphu ezindiza zezindiza nezinsila ezihlukanisiwe zihlukaniswa umbala omnyama. Ukubala phansi kwezinkukhu zobulili zombili ngosuku oludala kunomthunzi omnyama obomvu.
Kukhona nokunye umehluko phakathi kwama-roosters nezinkukhu zalolu hlobo. Ngakho-ke, ama-cocks aziphatha ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ekuhambeni kwezinto ezibushelelezi, nakuba zizimisele kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni zobumba, izimpaphe ezinamaphiko zinombala omnyama ophuzi, nasentanyeni - igolide. Zibuye zihlukaniswe nesinkwa esikhulu, esakhiwa amazinyo amahlanu ajwayelekile. Umsila wezinyosi unomnyama ngokuphelele, kuphela amabhande angaba ne-greenish tint.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu zasePoltava: izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinombolweni
Izinkukhu ze-Diluting Poltava zizuzisa kakhulu ngoba zibhekwa kahle kakhulu. Izinkukhu zingathwala iqanda lokuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-140-150. Ngalokho, uma kubamele abomunye izinhlobo ezinjengamaqanda okuqala amaqanda ayifuni kakhulu, ngakho-ke lezi zinkukhu zijwayelekile kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda jikelele qaphela izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- inani laminyaka yonke lala maqanda lapho inkukhu eyodwa lingayithwala ingahluka kusuka ku 160 ukuya ku-217;
- amarekhodi aphakanyisiwe amarekhodi aphakanyisiwe emapulazini akhethekile, amakwe izinkomba zamaqanda angu-290 ngonyaka;
- amaqanda wommeleli wePoltava zikhulu kakhulu, isisindo sawo sisukela ku-55 kuya ku-58 amagremu;
- Izinkukhu ze-Poltava zinesisindo esiyingqayizivele segolide, esaboniswa hhayi kuphela embala wezinpaphe, kodwa futhi nombala we-eggshell, ovame ukuba nombala obomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagobolondo abo aminyene kakhulu, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njenge-feed kanye nomthombo we-calcium;
- amaqanda ahluke kakhulu ngamaprotheni amaningi;
- ukuzala kwamaqanda kuphakeme kakhulu, okunikeza izinga eliphakeme lokungahlonishwa kwezinkukhu zikaPoltava - 80-83%.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu zezinkukhu zohlobo oluchazwe kuyamjabulisa. Ngakho-ke, ama-roosters ekufinyeleleni ukukhula okuvuthiwe athola isisindo samakhilogremu angu-3-3.5, kanti izinkukhu zilinganisa kakhulu - kuphela 2.2-2.5 kilogram. Ngaphandle kwesisindo esiphezulu senyoni, inyama yokukhiqiza ayikho ngaphansi kuka-52%, namathambo - cishe ngo-11%. I-juiciness nokunambitheka kahle inyama yezinkukhu ze-Poltava kuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinhlama ezinamafutha kakhulu, ezitholakala phakathi kwemisipha yezinyoni.
Ukubaluleka kwezimboni nakho ukuhamba kwezi zinyoni. I-Opereny iningi kakhulu, evumela ukuthola okuningi kulo mkhiqizo. Ukusuka kuwo ungenza imithwalo emihle namaphethini.
Izici zokuzalanisa nokuzalanisa izinkukhu ePoltava ekhaya: iseluleko esiwusizo
Izinkukhu zokuzala kufanele ziqale ngokuthenga izinkukhu noma amaqanda ohlobo oludinga. Le ndlela ishibhile, kodwa kunenkinga eminingi nesikhathi esiningi. Ngakho-ke, ungavele uthole abantu abaningana futhi usebenzise amaqanda abo ukuze uthole inzalo yabo.
Izinkukhu ze-Poltava zizibonakalisa njengezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngeke neze ube nezinkinga nezinkukhu eziqhakazile. Le nqubo ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-20-21, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukutshala inkukhu emaqanda phakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukuze inzalo encane ibe nokufika kokushisa futhi azikho izinkinga ngokukhula kwayo. Amaqanda 13-15 angafakwa ngaphansi kwenkukhu eyodwa.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela inkukhu, ukuze ingashiyi isidleke isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqanda angaphansi kwawo angase ahlasele.
Ungakhohlwa ukupha njalo bese uphuza amanzi.
Yini ongayidla nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinkukhu ukwandisa inzalo nokukhiqiza?
Ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwezinkukhu zikaPoltava kufanele ibe yizinhlamvu zommbila kanye nenkunkuma kusuka ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Ngeke nje kuletha inzuzo enkulu kulezi zinyoni, kodwa zizodliwa ngokushesha. Kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuzalwa kwabo, izinkukhu zondliwa imithi kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi, okuyiwona umthombo omuhle kakhulu wamandla namaprotheni kubo.
Kuze kube neminyaka engama-7, ukudla okunjalo kufanele kube yinto ephoqelekile, ngoba kunganikeza ukwanda komzimba we-muscle futhi ngokujwayelekile umzimba wezinyoni. Futhi, lokhu kuvumela ukubonakaliswa okugcwele kwamandla wezakhi zezinkukhu zasePoltava. Kodwa ngaphandle kokudla, kubalulekile ezinkukhu ezincane ukunikeza ukukhanya okuhle ngaphakathi endlini. Kusukela lapho ivela eqanda, kufanele ibe ngehora, futhi uma uneminyaka engama-9 kufanele ihliswe amahora angu-9.
Ngemuva kokunqoba iminyaka yama-chicks emavikini angu-7, bayondla kakhulu nge-feed ekhethekile, lapho inani lamaprotheni lingeke lidlulele ku-14%. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba kufinyelele ubukhulu obuhle ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi kungene esikhathini sokukhulelwa.
Kamuva ekudleni kwezinyoni ezindala ingafaka:
- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo, nakuba inzuzo namanje ukunikeza ummbila;
- izimpande izitshalo nezithelo zonyaka, kodwa ngobuncane;
- ifolishi eluhlaza, okungahle kuphazamiseke ezinkukhu ezincane;
- amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile, abaphuza okumele bahlale besendlini noma eduze kwawo.
Siye sabona ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lolu hlobo luvame ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ngakho ungavumeli ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba wabo. Ukudla njalo ebusika kufanele kube izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, kanti ehlobo kuzokwanela, ikakhulukazi uma izinyoni zisemsebenzini. Isici esibalulekile kokuqukethwe kwalesi sizwe yisilinganiso samadoda nabesifazane: indlela engcono kakhulu uma kukhona izinkukhu ezingu-8 ngeqhude ngalinye. Ukuze uhlale ukhululekile kulezi zinyoni Lemibandela elandelayo kumele ihlangane:
- uma izinkukhu zigcinwa endlini ngokuqondile phansi, khona-ke kufanele zihlakaze lolo luthi. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kungaba ngotshani, i-sawdust ephuma ngokhuni kanye ne-peat eyomile.
- Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi kufanele ishintshwe njalo ukuze ingabi manzi futhi igcine ukuhlanza endlini;
- Isitsha sokuphuza kufanele sifakwe endaweni ekhanyayo ukuze izinkukhu zikwazi ukukubona. Kungenziwa kufakwe ngqo endlini, kodwa kule nguqulo izinkukhu zizogeza kuwo futhi zithele kuwo wonke amagumbi (ungavimbela lokhu ngokufaka inetha elikhethekile phezu komgogodla, lapho inyoni ingakwazi ukunamathela khona kuphela);
- izinyoni nazo zidinga ukuhlela indawo ngesihlabathi noma umlotha lapho zigeza futhi zihlanza izimpaphe zazo;
- Zama ukunikeza izifuyo zakho ngokuhamba okuvamile, lapho bazokwazi ukuxosha amandla awo, kanye nokwehlukanisa ukudla kwabo ngosizo lwe-fodder eluhlaza nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
