Isitshalo esifana chard, noma isithombo sebhitrudi, Akusakazekile ezindaweni zethu. Okwamanje, kuhlonishwa kakhulu emazweni aseMedithera. Lapho idliwa ngokuhambisana nesipinashi, ngoba izinzuzo zayo emzimbeni womuntu azikho ngaphansi. Kulesi sihloko sikunikeza izincomo zokutshala nokunakekela ama-beet amaqabunga esiqhingini segadi. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala sizoqonda ukuthi yini i-chard nokuthi idliwe ngani, okushoyo.
Uyazi? Mangold isitshalo sasendulo. AmaGreki namaRoma asendulo ayehlanganyela ekutshalweni kwawo. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi siko ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi iklabishi yaseRoma. Kamuva ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Incazelo ye-chard nezinhlobo zayo
Mangold - Uhlobo oluthile lwesithombo sebhitrudi, okuyinto, ngokungafani nesihlobo esivamile, izimpande ezingenakulinganiswa kanye namaqabunga adlekile nama-petioles. Lesi sitshalo semifino ye-biennial singomndeni wokutshala. Ukutshala isaladi se-chard kwenziwa e-USA, eYurophu, eJapane, eNdiya nakwamanye amazwe. Amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga - amanzi, amanoni, ama-30-40 cm ubude. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, banemibala ehlukene - obomvu, obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza-obomvu, obuluhlaza obomvu. Umsuka lesi sitshalo asisho lutho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-chard: i-stem (i-petiolate, i-long-veined) ne-leafy (i-shnitt-chard, i-chard-chisel). Isiqu, kanye namaqabunga, kufanelekile ukudla kanye nama-petioles. Zibanzi futhi zinomzimba, nazo zinemibala ehlukile: eluhlaza, ophuzi, obomvu.
Uyazi? I-chard ngumkhiqizo wokudla oyigugu ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga ayo nama-petioles aqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini (C, B1, B2, A, K), usawoti wensimbi, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, i-calcium. I-Chard - imifino ephansi yekhalori, 100 g kuphela i-kcal 19.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-ulethisi weqabunga, elihlukile embala weziqu, amaqabunga nama-petioles, kanye nokuma kwamaqabunga. Okuvamile phakathi kwabo yi "Emerald", "Scarlet", "Belavinka", "Green", "Lyon", "Isipinashi" nabanye. Lesi sitshalo sibhekiswe nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa nge-petioles yembala ehlukahlukene, amahlamvu angama-curly nama-wavy. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, "izinkuni eziphuzi", "i-Red-stalked", "i-Silver Curly", njll. Ngaphandle kwensimu, bangatshalwa emibhedeni kanye nama mixborders.
Yini i-chard idinga ukukhula okuphumelelayo
I-chard - isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ukulima nokunakekelwa kwayo akusikho ubunzima obuthile futhi bufana kakhulu nokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi esifomvu. Ngezansi uzothola izincomo ekujikelezeni kwezitshalo zalesi sitshalo, ukukhetha indawo, ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi nezindlela zokutshala endaweni evulekile.
Abacwaningi be-Chard
Kungcono ukutshala ama-beet amaqabunga endaweni lapho izitshalo zisetshenziselwa khona ukukhula, lapho sezikhulile, ama-fertilizer eziphilayo, njenge-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, aziswe enhlabathini. Ukuze ugcine imithetho yokushintshanisa kwezitshalo zezinyosi zezinyosi, akudingekile ukuba ukhule endaweni efanayo ngonyaka, kungcono ukubuyisela isivuno ezweni elilodwa emva kweminyaka emithathu. Akunconywa ukuthi uhlwanyele isitshalo ezindaweni lapho isipinashi, iklabishi, kanye ne-beet ngaphambili zakhula khona. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ukuze uvikele ama-beet amaqabunga ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Amaqabunga e-Chard asetshenziselwa ukwenza amasaladi, ama-klabishi imiqulu, i-borscht, izitsha zemifino ezitshiwe. I-Caviar isilungiswa kusuka emahlathini, i-pickled ne-stewed. Ukunambitheka kwalo kukukhumbuza isipinashi kanye ne-sorrel. Ijusi lama-petioles lisetshenziselwa izinkinga zokwelashwa ezifweni zegazi.
Ukukhanyisa kwe-chard
I-chard ayikhethi ngokukhanya, ingahluma ezindaweni ezivulekile zensimu nakumthunzi okhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nge-shading eqinile neyohlala isikhathi eside i-lettuce leaf beet izokukhula kancane futhi ngeke inikeze amaqabunga amakhulu kangaka njengokukhanya okuhle. Futhi esitshalweni esikhula emthunzini, inani elikhulayo le-nitrate lingabonakala.
Kufanele kube inhlabathi yokutshala ama-beet amaqabunga
Ama-beet amaqabunga angakhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kodwa iyoba yiphunga elimnandi futhi lidla inyama lapho litshalwe enhlabathini enomswakama futhi evundile nge-acidity neutral. Lesi sitshalo asibekezelelisi kahle inhlabathi enamandla. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa ukutshala inhlabathi nge humus noma umquba (3-4 kg / 1 imitha square). Noma kunjalo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziswa cishe kwezinsuku ezingu-12-14 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Uyazi? I-Beetroot itholwe ngenxa yokwenziwa kohlobo lwe-chard nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle.
Ibonisa ukuhamba kwe-chard
Ukutshala umdwebo usebenzisa imbewu noma izithombo. Indlela ye-Rassadniy ayidluli neze. Uma utshala isiliva emhlabathini ovulekile, kuzoxhomeka ukuthi ufuna ukuvuna isikhathi esingakanani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukungahlwanyeli kakhulu kusasa (ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli), ukuze bangangeni emaqabunga entwasahlobo. Nakuba lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukumelana nokushisa - imbewu ingahluma ekushiseni kwe-4-5 ºС futhi ibekezelele amaqhwa amancane, kungcono ukutshala emazingeni aphezulu okushisa. Okuhle kunazo zonke kuzoba yi-18-20 ºС. Uma umgomo wakho ukuvuna kakhulu, ungasebenzisa indlela yokutshala noma uhlwanye ngaphansi kwefilimu. 
Izinhlobo ze-Petiolate zizobe sezikulungele ukudla izinsuku ezingu-90-100 ngemva kokutshala, ezinombala ezinsukwini ezingu-60-70 kamuva. Ukuze ube nemifino emisha etafuleni lakho isikhathi eside nangesikhathi sokuqala, ama-beet amaqabunga anconywa ukuba atshalwe ngezikhathi ezintathu: emavikini okuqala kaMeyi, phakathi kukaJulayi (ukuvuna kuzoba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo) nangaphambi kokubusika. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala okokuqala sizoqala ngoMeyi. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-chard, kubalulekile ukulungiselela imithombo ngayinye imbewu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lingama-25-30 cm ubude, phakathi kwemigqa - 35-40 cm (25 cm yezinhlobo zeqabunga). Imbewu ijula enhlabathini ngo 2-2.5 cm.
Kubalulekile! Ungahlwanyeli ama-beet amaqabunga kakhulu. Ukuhlwanyela okunamandla kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal ezitshalweni.
Amahlumela abasha abasha, atholakala ngenxa yokulima kusuka kumbewu, kufanele avele ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-20. Imbewu eyodwa inikeza amahlumela amaningana, ukuze izithombo zidingeke zibe mncane, zishiye izikhala phakathi kwa-40 cm ngezinhlobo ze-petiolate no-10 cm zamaqabunga. Ukuze uqhubeke ukwandisa isaladi lakho leqabunga, ungakwazi ukuqoqa imbewu ngokwayo. Izivivinyo ezivuthiwe ziyakunqunywa futhi zimiswe okwesikhashana ukuvuthwa. Imbewu ye-chard ifana ne-beet evamile. Kumele zigcinwe emasakeni esikhwameni. Ukuhluma bahlala iminyaka emithathu.
Njengoba ukuphindaphinda kwelethisi leqabunga ngosizo lwezithombo akuyona into evamile, sizokhuluma ngokufushane ukuthi singatshala kanjani izithombo. Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela kuyoba ukuthi ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukufezekisa isivuno sangaphambilini. Ungahlwanyela izitshalo zezithombo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo, kufanele zihlungwe usuku olulodwa.
Njengoba uhlelo lwe-chard luyathuthuka kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukhethe isitsha esijulile noma izimbiza ezilodwa zezithombo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-25-30 cm. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwe uma zifika eminyakeni engama-3.5-4.5 amasonto nokukhula kuka 8-9 cm, ekuqaleni noma phakathi kukaMeyi. Ingatshalwa ngokuqinile - ukugcina izikhathi eziphakathi kuka-15-20 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngokuvuna, isivuno sizobe sesilungele cishe inyanga lapho amaqabunga efinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-25 cm.
Indlela yokunakekela i-chard ngaphandle
Yize ukutshalwa kwendle kungabangeli ubunzima obuthile, kodwa ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle ngendlela yamaqabunga amakhulu, amahle, kubalulekile ukunakekela izithombo. Ukunakekelwa kuyoba ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kwenhlabathi, ukuchelela, ukudla nokususwa kwe-peduncles.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi kanye nezitshalo zokunisela
Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-chard kumele ibe nokhula ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ichithe ukhula futhi ihlinzeke ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni. Ukukhipha ukuphoqeleka kufanele kube ngemuva kokuchelela nemvula ukuze kungabikho amafreyimu. Ama-beet amaqabunga afana nomswakama (kodwa awunamandla), ngakho kufanele aphuze kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezomile. Imvamisa yokunisela iyoxhomekeka ngesimo sezulu, kodwa kungcono uma okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Kubalulekile! Ukweqile komswakama kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa komzimba we-powdery isikhala.
Indlela yokutshala i-chard
Isaladi leshidi liphendula kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma wenza le nqubo, udinga ukwazi isilinganiso, ngoba ukunqwabelana kwamafomu kungabangela umphumela ohlukile - ukulimaza isitshalo. Ukondla ngokweqile kusongela ukuqoqwa kwe-nitrate esitshalweni. Ukondla le-chard kuyadingeka emva kokunqunywa kwamacembe noma ama-petioles. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-urea (10 g / 10 l amanzi), i-mullein (1: 5), umanyolo we-herbal fertilizer.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo ze-chard
I-Mangold ingathinta izifo nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutshala okungalungile nokunakekelwa. Ngokuvamile amaqabunga e-lettuce avuleka e-powdery mildew. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ziyancipha imvula kanye nomswakama oqhubekayo, kanye nokulimala yizidumbu. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi sifo singubo emhlophe e-mealy emaqabunga. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela kule nkinga, ukuvota impova enekhambi lesithasiselo sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium kunconywa. Ngokunqotshwa kwe-powdery isikhutha, izitshalo ezigulayo ziyasuswa, ukupuniza kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo agunyaziwe.
Futhi kuma-beet amaqabunga angakha i-fungus ebangela izifo "umlenze omnyama". Izimpawu - amaqabunga abuna, iziqu ziphenduka abamnyama, izimpande ziyabuna. Isifo singaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Esimo sezulu esishisayo, ukufa kungenzeka ngokushesha - ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kuphela emva kokuqala kwesifo. Ukuvikela i-chard emlenzeni omnyama, kufanele itshalwe kuphela emibhedeni ihlanjululwe ngokucophelela ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukugcina imodi yokulinganisela yokulinganisela.
I-corneal, i-aphid ye-beet, i-beetroot, i-wireworm inobungozi ku-ulethisi weqabunga. Ekulweni nama-parasites, izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukugcinwa kwemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nobunjiniyela bezolimo kubonakala phambili. Njengoba ingxenye engaphezulu engaphansi komhlaba isetshenziselwa ukudla i-lettuce, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane akuyona into engathandeki. Kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwezimpungushe. Lapho ukhetha izidakamizwa, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe kuma-biological agents ayingozi kubantu nasemvelweni.
Umshwalense: Ukuvuna
Amahlamvu we-chard, atshalwe ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, anganqunywa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekwindla ngasekupheleni njengoba kudingeka. Bayahamba kanye neziqu ezisekelweni. Ngokuvamile ukusika amashidi, kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-1 sikwele. m izitshalo ngonyaka ngamunye, ungakwazi ukuqoqa 1 kg of green.
Uyazi? Ukuze umndeni wabantu abathathu noma abane, kwanele ukutshala izihlahla ezimbili zezinyosi ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Ezinhlotsheni ezinamathele, amaqabunga amancane kuphela adliwa. Ukudla okungaphandle okumbi akufanelekile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukudla amaqabunga amaqabunga aqhekekile ngosuku lokuvuna. Kuzogcinwa isikhathi eside, izakhi ezincane ezizohlala zikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha kudala. Esikhathini esiqandisini, umkhiqizo ohlanziwe ugcinwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Nakuba isithombo sebhitrudi se-chard yisitshalo esingapheli, kuyisiko ukuyikhula njengaminyaka yonke emasimini ekhishini. Kodwa-ke, uma uqinisekisa ukuthi angakwazi ukuchitha kahle ubusika, uma emmboze kahle, ungaqiniseka ukuthi imifino emisha ivela ezikhathini zokuqala. Ebusika, izitshalo ziyakunqunywa empande futhi zihlanganiswe ngendwangu yomhlabathi, i-peat, i-sawdust, amaqabunga. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna i-chard endaweni yayo, kancane kancane ungatshala uhlamvu lwekhasi.
I-Mangold iyakhula kakhulu esifundeni sethu, ngokuyinhloko ngoba le mifino ayithobeki ekugcineni kwayo, ingabandeki futhi iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu. Uma kulungile futhi ezinyathelweni zokuqala ukuyihlwanyela, khona-ke ungakwazi ukufezekisa ukuthi kuzoba yizihlahla zemifino zokuqala ezizoba ekhishini lakho emva kwesikhathi se-winter avitaminosis.
