I-Raspberries iyisiko ephilayo njengamazambane anamatamatisi.
Ngakho-ke, kuvezwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene, amabhaktheriya nezinambuzane ezingalimaza kakhulu lezi zitshalo.
Kungcono ukuqaphela nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokulinda kuze kudlule yedwa.
Ezinye izinambuzane nezifo zingaholela ekubhujisweni kwezinhlanzi, okuyinto ezoba yinto emangalisa kakhulu kuwe. Kodwa udinga ukwazi isitha ngomuntu siqu.
Ngakho, ngaphambi kwakho uhlu lwezifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane zama-raspberries.
Grey ukubola
Lesi sifo sesibungulu sithinta yonke indawo engxenyeni yamahlathi: amahlamvu, izimbali, izithelo, ingxenye engezansi yamahlumela. I-gray bloom ivela emaqabunga namajikijolo. Ngokuvezwa isikhathi eside kule "pubescence" izithelo ziba yize.
Isifo esiphezulu kakhulu sivela ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama owedlulele. Uma ihlobo livula, khona-ke phezu kwayo yonke inkathi ye-gray grey ingakwazi ukushaya ngaphezu kwengxenye yesitshalo sonke. Izinhlamvu ze-fungus zikhanya kakhulu, zigxilwe emoyeni futhi zisakaze ngokuqhutshwa umoya emoyeni ode kakhulu.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kokubola okungcolile, kubalulekile ukuphatha izihlahla nge-XOM ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze. Inani kufanele lithathwe ngesisekelo sendawo: ngamamitha ayizigremu eziyi-100 udinga ukuthatha u-40 g wezidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, kanti uma indawo ingamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye, kuyodingeka uthathe u-10 g ngamalitha angu-2.5 wamanzi.
Udinga ukusingatha izihlahla kuphela, kodwa futhi nomhlaba ekutshalweni. Lapho amajikijolo eqala ukuboshwa, kuzodingeka ufafaze umhlaba nxazonke ezihlahleni ngomlotha noma amalahle. Kulesi simo Ungamanzi izitshalo ngemvulaikakhulukazi amanzi abandayo, ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sifo singasakazeka futhi sikhule ngokushesha.
Uma okusajingijolo zakho kusagula nge-gray grey, khona-ke izihlahla kufanele ziphulukiswe ngokuphuthumayo ngesisombululo sethusi nesepha noma i-boric acid kwisisombululo se-1%.
Indawo emhlophe
Lesi sifo sifo sanda ngokushesha, futhi siqala nge raspberries zasendle, futhi siqhubeka nokutshala amasiko. Amahlumela afakiwe kanye namahlamvu.
Isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo senziwa ngoJuni, kodwa siyaqhubeka nokukhula kuyo yonke inkathi ekhulayo.
Ukubala okumhlophe kuqala ukuvela ngokubunjwa kwezindawo ezibomvu nxazonke emagqabeni anama-black splashes. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wamabala uguquka futhi uba lula. Lezi zindawo zibizwa ngokuthi i-pycnidia.
Ngaphakathi kwalezi "zilonda" kunezinhlamvu eziningi zezinhlamvu ezifungayo. Ngokuhamba kancane, amabala azoqala ukusakazwa phezu kobuso bonke beqabunga, okuholela ekusomeni kwawo.
Amahlumela abathintekile lezo zindawo eziphakathi nendawo eduze kwezinso kanye nama-internodes. Izinkuni ngokwayo ziqala ukuphahlazeka, amagxolo ahlanganiswe nezikali, kanti izindawo ezithintekayo zamahlumela zihlanganiswa nenani elikhulu le-pycnidia.
Ukubala okumhlophe kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwamahlamvu amaningi, kanye nokuqhekeka okukhulu kweziqu. Iphunga i-overwinter ngeziqu, okwenza amagatsha abe umthombo oyinhloko wezifo.
Lapho amaqabunga amasha kanye namahlumela ehlobo entwasahlobo, ngokushesha usuleleke kuma-vectors. Lesi sifo siphuthuma kakhulu ezimweni zokushisa okulinganiselayo nomswakama ophezulu.
Ngokumelene nebala elimhlophe, isibabule sisebenza kahle. Emva kokuvuna, amahlumela kudingeka aphathwe ngesisombululo se-colloidal sulfure ku-40-50 g yemithi ngayinye ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi.
Kumamitha ayi-skwele angu-10 kufanele ushiye 2 amalitha yesisombululo. Ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu, indawo emhlophe ingathuthuka futhi ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuba ulahle izithombo njalo ngokwanele ukuze kungabikho ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwezitshalo endaweni ethile.
Ngemuva kokuphela kokuqoqwa kwamajikijolo, kubalulekile ukususa nokushisa amahlumela enyaka efanayo kanye nalabo ababa nesithelo. Uma ukuphunyuka kungonakalisiwe kakhulu, bekuyoba okwanele ukususa ithiphu layo. Ekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, yonke inhlabathi endaweni kumele ibhalwe kahle, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo umquba we-phosphorus-potassium usungulwa emhlabathini.
Entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza, ama-raspberries adinga ukwelashwa ne-Bordeaux liquid ne-concentration ye-1%. Ehlobo, kunconywa ukuhlanza izihlahla kanye nalezi zinto.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala iberry idinga ukucubungulwa lapho amahlumela amancane efinyelela ubude obuyi-15-20 cm, okwesibili - ngaphambi kokukhula, kanti okwesithathu - ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali. Uma lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokukhipha amajikijolo.
Ukugqwala
Isifo esivamile kakhulu. Kungalimaza kusuka ku-10 kuya kwangu-30% kwezitshalo zokusajingijolo. Ukuvezwa kwathinta amaqabunga, iziqu, iziqu kanye namahlumela amancane.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, i-orange-yellow yellow bulge ivela engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga, ama-petioles namahlumela amancane esihlahleni esithintekile. Kulezi zicubu ze-tubercles kukhona izinhlanzi ezinyakazayo ze-fungus.
Ukutheleleka kwamahlumela amancane namaqabunga athola ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngemva kwesikhathi, engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga omunye angabona izindawo ezinombala ezimhlophe, eziyi-powdery pustules zezinhlamvu zasehlobo. Ukusabalala kwezinhlamvu zasehlobo kuholela ekutheleleni kabusha kwezihlahla ezibomvu.
Ekwindla, lezo mpikiswano ezakhiwe ehlobo zishintshwa yibo ebusika, futhi ukuqhakaza ngaphansi kwepheshana kungasuswa kalula. Izitshalo zithintekile endaweni eduze kwezimpande. Izinkuni zigcwele izilonda ezinkulu, lapho izinhlamvu ze-orange "zihlala" entwasahlobo.
Okuthintekile amagatsha aphule futhi asheshe ngokushesha. I-Mycelium ye-fungus ifinyelela kakhulu ekujuleni kwama-rhizome nama-tissu amahlumela futhi ihlala lapho isikhathi eside. Ukhula lukhula ngokusheshisa ezimweni eziphezulu zomswakama.
Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, udinga ukususa amahlumela afanelekile, futhi amaqabunga awile kudingeka aqoqwe futhi ashiswa. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-nitraphenol (2-3%, 200-300 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Iyacubungula futhi ingaphansi kwezwe phakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, futhi ngemva kokukhipha amajikijolo, fafaza amahlumela ngesixazululo se-oxychoma (amaphilisi amabili kuya kwezingama-10 ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Futhi izidakamizwa ezifanelekile ezibhekene nebala elimhlophe nokubola kwegrey.
Uma i-rust ishaya indawo enkulu yesitshalo, bese ehlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngemuva kokuphela nangemva kokuvuna, izihlahla kumele ziphathwe neBordeaux liquid ne-concentration% 1.
Uma utshala, udinga ukusebenzisa izithombo kuphela eziphilile zezitshalo zokusajingijolo eziphikisanayo. Izihlahla ezishaywa yizigqila ku-stem zidinga ukumba nokushisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi uthola amaqabunga awile, uthathe amagatsha aphethwe futhi ushise konke. Kunconywa ukuba uhlabe njalo emhlabathini phakathi kwamagquma bese ususa ukhula.
Futhi okuthakazelisayo ukufunda nge-raspberries ephuzi.
I-Anthracnose
Lesi sifo sithinta amahlamvu, amaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo nezitshalo zomhlanga. Amahlumela kanye namaqabunga anyaka nonyaka ayathinteka, ukukhula okuncane kanye namabhulashi nezithelo ezinhlathini ze-biennial nazo zihlupheka.
Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezincane ezizungezayo nomngcele obomvu kanye nesizinda esiyimpunga. Ububanzi bendawo ngayinye bungaba kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 mm. Ngokuvamile zakhiwa eceleni komugqa wezinyosi kanye nasemaphethelweni.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, amabala agcwalisa yonke isikhala seqabunga lamaqabunga, futhi amaqabunga wona ayomile futhi awele. Ama-petioles ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezincane ezicindezelekile ezibukeka njengezilonda.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa manqaku ahlangene nokufakela kwefomu eyodwa. Amahlumela angaphansi kwonyaka owodwa ubudala, ifomu elikhulu, eliyindilinga, eliyigundane elilondabala eliphezulu, elizungeze izinhlobo ezibomvu zokubumba. Amagxolo esitshalo esibuhlungu asundu futhi agcwele izilonda ezijulile. Iziguli ezihlehliswa yi-biennial ziyafa.
Izithelo zemibhulashi ziba nsundu, kanti izithelo zome. I-anthracnose iqala ukukhula entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga aqhakaze. Ama-raspberries anzima kakhulu agula ngaleyo minyaka lapho kunemvula eminingi.
Ukuze unqobe futhi uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, kutuswa ukuba usebenzise i-Bordeaux liquid (isisombululo se-1%), okudingeka siphathe kokubili izitshalo nomhlabathi ozungezile.
Ezikhathini zasehlobo, ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo, ungasebenzisa noma le-composic noma i-oxychloride yethusi. Kubalulekile ukucubungula amahlumela izikhathi ezintathu - lapho amahlumela amancane efinyelela ubude buka-15-20 cm, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi emva kokuqhakaza.
Uma izihlahla "zigula" kakhulu, ke ukucubungula kuyadingeka emva kokuvuna. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa izihlahla ukuze ukufika kungabi kakhulu futhi kuvuleke. Kudingekile ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka, kanye nalawo magatsha lapho kwakukhona amajikijolo. Kubalulekile ukususa ukhula.
Indawo ephuzi
Lesi sifo sithinta amafihlekile, amahlamvu kanye namahlumela wonyaka. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zokubala zivela emagatsheni amancane.
Endaweni lapho amaqabunga ahlanganiswe khona, ungabona izici zamabhuloki aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemingcele engacacile yombala obomvu obomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, banda ngesayizi, baxhumane futhi bahlanganisa yonke indawo yesibhamu.
Amahlamvu, ama-petioles kanye namagatsha avame ukumbozwa amabala amakhulu ama-necrotic, okubangela ukushona kwazo zonke izingxenye ezibhalwe ezihlahleni zokusajingijolo.
Iziguli ezihluthulelwe zigcwele izindawo ezimpunga, kanti amagxolo akule ndawo ahlushwa, ukuqhuma kuvela. Amagatsha ohlangothini aphethwe yi-HIV ayafa. Ukuqothula okubomvu kungabhubhisa lonke ukutshala okubomvu.
Lesi sifo sikhula kuyo yonke inkathi ekhulayo - kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Uma ubusika bungekho bubi kakhulu, i-fungus iyaqhubeka ngalesi sikhathi. Kule nkinga, inani lamabala obomvu liyakhula ngendlela ephawulekayo, futhi amabala ahlanganisa wonke umhlaba, okuholela ekuvuleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Iningi lebala elibonakalayo elibomvu livela ezimweni zezulu ezimanzi.
Uma usulelekile, udinga ukususa amahlumela agulayo, ukuwasika cishe ngaphansi kwempande. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fungus, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukufika, ukuze kushaywe yimimoya.
Awukwazi ukuwasebenzisa ngokuphuza nokutshala okusajingijolo okushisayo ezindaweni eziphansi. Ukuziphendulela kufana nalabo abaphikisana ne-anthracnose.
Idonsa likaMealy
Izimo ezihle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Yingakho inqwaba yokutheleleka nge-powdery isikhutha sokusajingijolo iwela engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo.
Ukubonakala okumhlophe kwe-powdery kubonakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zamaqabunga. Amaphuzu lapho amahlumela amancane ekhula khona nawo angaphansi kokubhujiswa.
Ngenxa yesikhumba se-powdery isikhala, la magatsha amancane ayayeka ukukhula, aphethwe amandla, futhi aqhwale ebusika.
Amagatsha aphethweyo ayoma, amajikijolo abe mabi kakhulu.
Ukuze uvimbele futhi uphulukise isikhutha se-powdery, udinga udobe lezo zihlumela ezise-otplodonosili, kanye nezinye izinsalela zezitshalo. Izikhathi ezine zidinga ukucubungula ama-raspberry Bordeaux liquid.
Chlorosis
Lesi sifo sinegciwane. Kulezo zihlahla ezithintekile, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi ahlakule. Amaqabunga amahlumela athela izithelo amancane, amagatsha akhula kancane, izithelo zomile futhi azidli.
Ama-shrub atheleleka nge-aphid izimpungushe. I-Raspberries ingabuye igciwane le-chlorosis engenayo i-parasitic. Loluhlobo lwe-chlorosis luqala lapho izitshalo zingenayo izakhi, njenge-manganese, insimbi, ne-boron.
Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-chlorosis kunomthelela esimweni sezulu esibi. Kubonakala esimweni somswakama ophezulu kakhulu noma emanzini enhlabathi, kanye nesikhathi sokushisa okuphansi.
Izihlahla zingabhekana uma ziphuziswa ngamanzi abandayo.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, udinga ukubhubhisa ama-aphid, uphathe izitshalo nge-insecticide. Izitshalo ezigulayo zidinga ukumba nokushisa. Ngaphambi kokubhekana ne-chlorosis, udinga ukucacisa imbangela yalesi sifo.
Uma inhlabathi inezinga eliphezulu le-asidi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-gypsum ngenani lika-100-120 g ngemitha yesigcawu emhlabathini. Uma umswakama uphakeme kakhulu, kodwa izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuze zilungiswe. Izindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu kufanele zomiswe kancane. Ukwehlisa umphumela we-chlorosis kungenziwa ngokusungulwa kwama-humus, peat noma umquba.
Ukuhluma
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesingozi kakhulu. Uma isihlahla sigula, inani elikhulu lamahlumela amancane avela ku-30-50 cm ubude. Esinye isitshalo singaba yizingcezu ezingu-200 zeziqu ezinjalo.
Lesi sifo sigxile kakhulu, ngakho-ke wonke ama-raspberries asesigodini adinga ukubhujiswa.
Ukulwa kuyadingeka ngama-vectors okukhula - ama-nematodes nama-aphid. Izithombo eziphilile kuphela eziye zakhula ngokwethembeka ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zidinga ukufakwa.
Kuyaqinisekile susa izitshalo ezigulayo noma lezo zihlahla ezisolakala ukuthi kukhona khona igciwane noma i-mycoplasma.
Udinga njalo ukulwa nama-cicadas nama-aphid. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-efihlekile futhi ngaphambi kokusakazwa kwama-raspberries, kubalulekile ukuphatha isisombululo se-karbofos nge-0.75%.
Ungaqali lesi sifo ku-okusajingijolo sakho. Emva kwakho konke, awukwazi ukulahlekelwa yisihlahla esisodwa, kodwa yonke indawo.
