Ubisi yilo mkhiqizo lapho ukuphila kwethu kuqala khona. Iyakwazi ukudlulisela zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bemfuyo bazalisa izinkomo zobisi. Izinkabi ezinjalo, ngisho nalapho zigcinwa mahhala, ziyakwazi ukujabulisa amakhosi azo ngezithelo eziphakeme kakhulu zobisi oluhlwabusayo nolunamafutha.
Kuze kube manje, ukukhethwa kanye nemvelo yezwe kwakhiqiza inqwaba yezinkomo zalolu hlobo, ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuthola owathandayo, uzokhetha ukuthi yini.
Sifuna ukukutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngezinkomo zase-Yaroslavl zezinyosi, okunye okukhiqiza kakhulu uhlobo lwayo.
Iyini edumile i-Yaroslavl Freenka: khuluma ngohlobo
Lolu hlobo lubizwa nge-Yaroslavl ngoba lwakhiwe kule ndawo ye-Russian Federation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho msebenzi wokukhetha osetshenzisiwe kulezi zinkomo.
Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezinyosi kuze kube manje luye lwatholakala ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokuzalisa izimfanelo zobisi. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa ukuthuthukisa umtsetfosisekelo, udder futhi, okwenza ngcono ukhiqizwa ubisi, usaqhubeka.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl kukhulu kakhulu, okwakushukunyiswa hhayi kuphela ngemfanelo yabo, kodwa futhi ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana kwabo okuhle.
Ekuzaleni nasekugcineni imfuyo kakhulu kulula ukujwayeleka njengomhlambi omkhulu, nokuqukethwe komuntu ngamunye.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zinkomo zifaneleke kakhulu kokubili ukudla kwehlobo emadlelweni eningi ngobuningi obuhlaza, nasezindlebeni zokudla ngokugxila kanye ne-silage. Ukukhula kwezinkomo kuphezulu kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzalweni kwezizukulwane ezintsha.
Izici zokubonakala kwabameleli bohlobo kanye nezici zabo ezihlukile
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinkomo ezinhle zitholakala endodeni emnyama, nakuba iningi lekhanda ne-torso elincane livame ukumbozwa amabala amhlophe. Ingxenyana engezansi yezingcenye kanye nesicu sommbila womsila nawo mhlophe.
Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukubiza u-black-ryabya, ngoba abanye abantu abanalo amabala nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuzala okuhlukeneyo nemikhakha ehlukene, abanye abameleli besizwe saseJaroslavl banesondo elibomvu nelomhlophe.
Ngokuvamile, abameleli bezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl bangahlukaniswa nomthethosisekelo ongenamalungelo omthetho. Umgogodla wabo unamandla kakhulu futhi unesisindo esikhulu, okuyisici esiningi kakhulu sezinkomo zobisi futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuhamba emadolobheni amade.
Ingxenye ephakathi yomzimba ingcono kakhulu kulezi zilwane, ikhanda likhanya kakhulu futhi limile. Isici esiphawulekayo sohlobo nakho ukujula okwenziwe ngaphambili kwekhanda futhi isibuko esingavamile esimnyama.
Izimpondo zazo, nakuba zingenasayizi enkulu kakhulu, kodwa zinebala eliqinile, elikhanyayo. Esinye isici sezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl, njengabameleli bokusebenza kohlobo lwezobisi, ubude bentamo. Isikhumba entanyeni sinezinhlanzi eziningi ezincane.
Ukungahambisani nomzimba wezinkomo ezichazwe ngokucacile kwavela ukuthi izimbambo zazo zihlelwe kakhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isisu sezilwane sibonakala sivame kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuphelele imisipha yomzimba ithuthukiswa kakhulu, amandla omzimba awunamathelisi kulo lonke impilo futhi ahlinzekwa ngesimo sezintambo ezincane kakhulu.
I-Fench nayo ingakhulumi kahle. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Yaroslavl ukuzala njengezinkomo emkhakheni wenyama akusoze kube nethemba, nakuba ngokuvamile ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kunomthelela.
Isikhumba sezilwane sincane kakhulu, esimele singabi nhlobo embonini yesikhumba. Ngenxa yesikhumba esincane kanye nokuqoqwa kwamafutha ompofu, abameleli bobuhlobo bayabonakala zikwazi ukushisa ngokweqile.
Okuqukethwe kwabo kufanele kuthathe indawo yokukhosela eshisayo, futhi okuqukethwe okuqhwaqayo emabhokisini afudumele ngaphandle kwemidwebo futhi, mhlawumbe, ngokushisa.
Imingcele eyinhloko yezinkomo zase-Yaroslavl: zinkulu kangakanani izinkomo?
Ukuphakama kwalezi zilwane kukhulu kakhulu, ngisho naphezu kwemilenze emifushane (amathambo emilenze alula kakhulu, yingakho izilwane zivame ukuhlupheka).
Ngokuyinhloko, ukukhula kwenkomo lapho kubonakala khona isisindo samasentimitha angu-125-127 kuphela.
Akukho ukungafani okwehlukile ekukhuleni phakathi kwezinkomo nezinkunzi.
Futhi, akukho ukungafani okwehlukile kuzilinganiso zezilwane, futhi akukho mingcele ehlukile, izinkunzi zonke zifinyelela ngobukhulu obukhulu:
- Ubude obude bomugqa obani lwe-oblique ngu-152-155 amasentimitha.
- Isifuba esilwaneni asijule, kusuka kumamitha angu-66 kuya kwangu-70, futhi ngobubanzi imingcele yayo yi-35-37 amasentimitha.
- I-Metacarpus ebhincini i-17-18 amasentimitha.
Ngokuvamile, umbono ovela kulezi zinkomo ungashiwo ukuthi imizimba yabo ijulile futhi ilula. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi ubukhulu obuncane bezinkomo zohlobo oluchazwe, okuyinto engenakusho ngayo ngezinkunzi-abavukuzi, isisindo sabo singadlulela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-1000.
Kodwa, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezinkomo, ukugcinwa nokudla kwazo ngeke kube nzima futhi kubize ngokwezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaneleka ukunakekelwa isimo esivinjiwe sezilwane, isici sesici unamathele kubanikazi.
Izici kanye nezici ezihlukile zobuningi bohlobo
Ukwedlula lolu hlobo lwezinkomo zobisi luyinye yezinqubo ezizohlukaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izihlobo. It has usayizi omkhulu kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba uqoqe ngobuningi ubisi futhi kalula ukuthwala ngaphambi isikhathi sokubamba. Unomumo ohlangene, ngenxa yokuthi awuvimbeli inkomo ekuhambeni ngisho nalapho igcwele, futhi ikuvumela ukuba usondele kalula kwesilwane ngesikhathi sokubamba.
Kodwa isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlukanisa i-Yaroslavl yobisi kuzalwa yindawo yezingono. Ngaphandle kokuthi banesilinganiso esiphakathi esilungele ukukhwabanisa, kufakwa kabanzi ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwezinsipho zangaphambili likhulu kakhulu kunomkhawulo phakathi kwalabo abasemuva. Futhi, isakhiwo se-udder glandular. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokubamba, kunamahlandla amaningana ngosayizi, kuba yithambile futhi i-spongy. Emuva, amafolda amancane esikhumba akhiwa, okuyizinto zokugcina izilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngemindeni enhle kakhulu yezinkomo.
Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo yikhombisi efana nenhla yobunikazi. Kubonisa ukuthi yiliphi inani lobisi, okunikeza inkomo, ekuvuneni kwezingxenye ezimbili zangaphambili zombele.
Lolu hlu lubonisa indlela okulinganayo ngayo yonke indawo yesiguli esakhiwe, okwenza kube lula ukukhuluma ngomkhiqizo kanye nempilo yabantu ngabanye bezinkomo. Kulesi sizwe, lesi sibalo singu-40-44%, esibonisa umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu abameleli bakhe.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi isikhumba semfuyo yezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl sincane kakhulu, okuyinto, ngokudla okukhululekile, ngokuvamile kuvame ukulimala. I-veins yemifino ithuthukiswa ngokulinganisela. Kule ndaba, ukunakekelwa nokuphathwa kwabamele abomndeni kufanele kube nokukhuthele kakhulu, okuzokwenza kube nemiphumela emihle ekukhiqizeni ubisi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zohlobo lwe-Yaroslavl?
Ngokuvamile, inzuzo enkulu yezinkomo zobisi ingaba izinkomba kuphela zokukhiqiza ubisi. Kodwa-ke, ake sikhulume ngakho kancane kancane, kodwa lapha sibona okuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu ebisi, okungaba ngu-4.4% (irekhodi eliphakeme lika-6.1%).
Uma sicabanga ukuthi isilinganiso i-fat index yonke imikhiqizo yobisi usezingeni lika-3.7%, khona-ke lo mphumela kufanele ucatshangwe kakhulu. Kumele futhi uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi ubisi olunamafutha aphezulu, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu futhi lilungele ukuqhutshwa phambili.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu izici zokuzivikela kwalezi zilwane, ezikwazi ukulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu lapho izinkomo zivame ukuhlupheka khona. Futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inkomo yaseJaroslavl iyona enamandla kunazo zonke ezinomdlavuza wezinkomo.
Lesi sifo sisakazwa kalula kusuka ezilwaneni kuya ezilwaneni futhi namuhla azikho izindlela zokwelapha. Ngokunqotshwa kwezilwane zabo kwaba nomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubisi.
Kodwa, ngisho nangenkinga yokutheleleka komuntu ovela emhlambini wezinhlobo ezichazwe, i-leucosis ayinakwenzeka ukuba idluliselwe kwabanye abantu, nakuba izixwayiso ezidingekile zizodingeka zithathwe.
Inani elikhulu lokhu ukuzalwa futhi kunakho ngoba esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzaliseni. Ngokuyinhloko, izakhi zawo zengqondo zinekhono elihle lokudlulisa izici zobisi, ukubheja okwaba khona ososayensi.
Kuyinto encane mayelana nokukhubazeka okuyizici kuhlobo oluchazwe
Phakathi kokushiyeka kohlobo lwe-Yaroslavl lungabizwa kuphela amaphutha emzimbeni wabo. Ngokuyinhloko, isifuba esincane kakhulu, sinemisipha engakhi kahle. Futhi, banesibindi esikhulu kakhulu nge-sacrum ene-roofing ne-roof. Ekukhiqizeni inyama, lezi ziyizinkomba ezimbi kakhulu.
Kodwa iningi lezinkinga linikeza izilwane ngokwabo kanye nabanikazi babo izitho ezincane. Ngokudla okukhululekile, lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukuphulwa kwamapayipi nokuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili indawo eyabelwe izinkomo nokuqeda izindawo ezinokuphumula okunzima kulo.
Futhi, lapho ugcina futhi uzalisa isimo sezulu sase-Yaroslavl, udinga ukulungele ukuthi esikhathini sokulandela i-calving izinkomo zivame ukuwa emilenzeni yazo yangaphambili futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuma phezu kwabo isikhathi esithile.
I-Yaroslavl ukuzalwa idume ngokukhiqiza kwayo: ngokuningiliziwe ngakho konke
Ukukhiqiza ubisi okungenzeka futhi izici eziyinhloko zobisi ezikhiqizwayo
Ukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo zaseJaroslavl kumane kumangalisa, ngoba ubisi oluvuthiwe buvame ukuhluka kusuka ku-2 700 kuya ku-3 500 kilograms ubisi ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhishwa.
Esikhathini esizayo kuvumela ukukhuphuka nje, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokucophelela, kanye nokudla okugcwele, ukusebenza kwabo kungakhuphukela ku-5000-5500 kilogram, inani elirekhodiwe lama-kilogram ayi-11,590 ubisi.
Kodwa masingabi ngobuqili, ukuthi lena yimiphumela ephakeme kakhulu yokukhiqiza ubisi lwezinkomo. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zobisi ezivela kwamanye amazwe eziye zakhiwa, ukukhiqizwa kobisi okukhiqizayo okungaphezu kwalokho okuchazwe.
Izinkomo ze-Yaroslavl zigcina izikhundla zazo njengendlela engcono kakhulu yezibelelo zobisi kuphela ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yobisi nezindawo zayo zokudla okunomsoco.
Futhi, kunezici ezinhle kakhulu, okunye esikushiwo kakade - amafutha obisi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamafutha, iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, iphesenti yawo efinyelela ku 3.5-3.7.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinyama zezinkomo ze-Yaroslavl: yiluphi uhlobo lwenkomo ongawuthola nge-fattening enhle?
Kuyacaca ukuthi nakuba uhlanga oluchazwe luyizibisi, uma inkunzi izalwa, esikhathini esizayo ivunyelwe ukuhlatshwa, futhi lapho isencane kakhulu.
Naphezu kokuthi imisipha yalezi zinkomo isathuthuka kakhulu, ngenxa yobuningi besilwane, inani lezinyama ezikhiqizwa njengalo mphumela lisaba nemiphumela engu-55 kuya ku-62%.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo senkomo singama-450-550 kilogram, futhi isisindo sezinkunzi sisuka ku-700 kuya ku-1200 (ngokuvamile, izinkunzi zifinyelela ezinombalwa ezinjalo), bese Izinga lokukhishwa liphezulu kakhulu.
Ekuzalweni, isisindo samathole ngokuvamile siyi-28-32 kilogram, kepha ngokushesha sikhule kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala amathole anikezwa umama // amakhulu kanti inzuzo yesisindo nsuku zonke yezinkunzi nezinkomo ihlukile:
- Sekuyizinyanga ezingu-6 zokuncelisa ubisi lwamahhashi, isithole sikhula kufika ku-160-170 kg, futhi ngezinyanga ezingu-18 - kufika ku-350-380 kg. Ukwanda kwansuku zonke kwansuku zonke ku-700-750 amagremu.
- Uma usebenzisa i-fattening enamandla, bese uneminyaka engama-1 isisindo senkunzi ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-800-900 kilogram. Inzuzo yesisindo ngokuvamile ayikho ngaphansi kuka-800 amagremu ngosuku.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubantu abasha amafutha aqala ukufakwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi izinkunzi zivunyelwe ukuba zihlatshwe unyaka ongu-1. Iqiniso liwukuthi kusukela ezilwaneni ezincane ze-Yaroslavl uzalwa ungathola inyama enomsoco futhi enomusa.
Lapho izinkomo zobisi zivunyelwa ukuba zidle inyama ngesikhathi esivuthiwe, inyama yabo ayisekho enani eliphakeme kakhulu.
