Izinkukhu ezikhulayo futhi ezizalisayo akuyona nje umsebenzi olula, kodwa futhi unenzuzo enkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma nje usithengile izinkukhu emakethe kuphela, ngeke usadinga imali ukuze uthole isizukulwane esisha sezinkukhu.
Ngempela, empeleni, kungani kunenkinga enkulu, uma iningi lezinkukhu liyisimo esihle sokuhlanza nokunakekela izingane zabo.
Lesi sihloko esingezansi sizozinikezela ngokugcwele emisebenzini yokufakelwa kwamaqanda emvelo noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukufakwa kwawo.
Sizokukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi, nini nokuthi yikuphi ukubeka amaqanda ngaphansi kwenkukhu ukuze uthole izinyoni ezincane ezinhle.
Indlela yokubona inyoni ekulungele ukuxhaphaza amaqanda: izibonakaliso ezinkulu zezinkukhu
Ukusebenzisa inkukhu ukuqothula amaqanda kunezinzuzo eziningi phezu kwe-incubator evamile.
Yiqiniso, ngosizo lwedivayisi uzokwazi ukuthola inamba enkulu yesitoko esincane esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, kodwa umbuzo owodwa kuphela obala: indlela yokuzigcina nokuthi ungabanakekela kanjani?
Ngomuntu, ukunakekela izinkukhu ezincane noma izinkukhu ze-turkey ibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho le hen izobhekana nalokhu okumane nje nokuthokoza.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkukhu, amahansi, ama-turkeys, nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezivame kakhulu emapulazini asekhaya, isisindo sokuqanda amaqanda sibonakala kwabesifazane abaningi.
Inkinga ngezinkukhu ivela kuphela uma izinyoni zigcinwa emapulazini amakhulu nezinkukhu zezinkukhu, lapho zilinganiselwe endaweni yokuhamba.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi inyoni isilungele ukuxosha, ungakwazi ngqo ngokuziphatha kwayo:
- Inkukhu enesizotha esiqala ukuqala ibubula ngokungavamile.
- Kungakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu esidlekeni, okuzobe kudingeke ukuba iqhutshwe khona ukuze iqoqe amaqanda.
- Ngaphandle, kungaba yinto encane kakhulu, njengoba iqala ukudonsa izimpaphe ngaphandle kwayo ukuze izenze isidleke.
- Ubukhulu bekhefu namacici kuncishisiwe.
- I-egg-laying yezinkukhu ezizayo zezinkukhu ziyeka ngokuphelele.
Uma uqaphele ukuhamba okunjalo phakathi kwezilwane zakho ezifuywayo, akufanele usheshe futhi usitshale ngenani eliphakeme lamaqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga inyoni ngesimo esizolilengakho-ke ngesigamu isikhathi esabiwe asizange sishiye isidleke. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlola ngokushesha ukuthi "izinhloso" zakhe zingakanani: izinsuku ezingu-2-3 zibeka amaqanda ama-dummy ngaphansi kwenkukhu.
Uma, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, washiya isidleke futhi wayeka ukuzamazama, bekungeke kube khona isikhukhula kuso. Uma uhlala endaweni yakudala futhi ungazange uvuke - ungafaka amaqanda okufakelwa phansi ngokuphepha ngaphansi kwalo.
Kuthiwani uma zonke izinkukhu, akekho okhombisa isifiso sokuqothula amaqanda?
Lokhu, eqinisweni, futhi kwenzeka kaningi. Kodwa akufanele ucasuke. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlakulela ukusimama kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha ungqimba oluphethwe kakhulu (ngemuva kwakho konke, ngesikhathi sokutshala isikhathi inyoni ilahlekelwa isisindo esisodwa sesithupha esidlule) futhi iyathandeka kakhulu ekuziphatheni.
Kufanele ibanjwe futhi, eqinisweni, ihlezi kahle emaqanda amanga, ihlanganise phezulu ngebhasikidi. Uma ingasuki isidleke, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uphakamisa ibhasikidi, khona-ke ungabeka amaqanda wangempela ngaphansi kwalo.
Kodwa ungakhohlwa ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukugxubha ukuthatha izinyoni ezinempilo kuphela. Ngisho noma izibungu noma ezinye izidumbu zitholakala emzimbeni wenkukhu, kufanele ziphathwe noma kunjalo, zihlinzekwe ngamanzi okugeza kanye nokwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele uzame ukondla inkukhu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Kungcono ukutshala inyoni ngamaqanda kusihlwa, noma ebusuku, ukuze kungabangeli ukukhathazeka.
Uma unezinkukhu eziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuze ugweme insizwa enjalo enyoni, udinga ukuyivuza emanzini bese uyivala ekamelweni elipholile nelomnyama. Mkhulule kabili ngosuku ukudla. Emva kokuphinda inqubo enjalo izikhathi eziningana ngokulandelana, inkukhu iyovama ukukhala.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokukwakha indlu ngezandla zakho.
Izimpawu kanye nezimfuneko zamaqanda okufakelwa ngaphakathi
Akunakwenzeka ukufaka amaqanda atholakalayo ngaphansi kwenkukhu, njengoba kungenjalo bonke abangagculiswa. Futhi ayikwazi ukusebenzisa lawo maqanda agcinwe esiqandisini, noma idluliselwe amanye amaconsi okushisa.
Ngokuvamile, qaphela:
- Emhlambini wezinkukhu kwakukhona isilinganiso esilungile sezinyosi nabesifazane. Isibonelo, ngezinhlobo zezinyosi zezinyosi, i-rooster eyodwa yanele umhlambi wezinkukhu phakathi kwabantu abangu-10-12.
- Amaqanda athathwa enkukhu enempilo, eseyifinyelele ekufikeni kwentsha (kulezi zinyoni, le nkathi iqala ezinyangeni ezingu-7).
- Ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-egg, amaqanda amasha kakhulu asetshenziswe yizinkukhu zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-6 ezedlule.
- Amaqanda ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukugubha amanzi agcinwe ekushiseni kwe-15-20ºС, kumswakama ka-75%.
- Ayisebenzisi amaqanda angcolile futhi aphukile.
- Amaqanda aphakathi nendawo abekwe ngaphansi kwenkukhu, ngoba imibungu emincane ivame ukutholakala ezincane, nezikhupha ezinkulu ezinkulu.
- Amaqanda ahlolwe nge-ovoscope ngokutholakala kweziqu ezihlukahlukene.
Isidlekile sokupheka ngenkukhu
Indleke kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngosayizi kufanele kube njalo ukuthi amaqanda nezinkukhu zivumelane kahle kuwo nokuthi amaqanda aphumele kuwo.
Okufanele - amasentimitha angu-55 kuya kwangu-35.
Ukuma kwesidleke kufanele kube ngesitsha, ne-turf esisebeni kanye netshani etshala phezulu.
Kungcono ukwenza leli hen libe nemibandela ukuze akwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni lapho efuna ukudla noma ukuphuza.
Izinambuzane zingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana elandelanayo, njalo ziwomise ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe.
Iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokutshala izinyoni emaqanda?
Indawo yesikhukhu sezinkukhu kumele ibe khona ethule futhi, mhlawumbe, ikude nakwezinye izindawo zabantu. Inkukhu kufanele ibeke kuyo ngokukhululekile, izwe iphelile futhi iphephile.
Ukuphepha kufanele kunikezwe ukubaluleka okukhethekile uma amagundane evame ukungena endlini yakho. Kuleso simo Izidleke ze-hen zivame ukumiswa, noma efakwe hhayi ngqo phansi, kodwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Uma kunezinkukhu eziningi, kungcono ukuthi ungabatshali ekamelweni elifanayo. Ukusondelana okunjalo kungabangela ukulwa okunzima kakhulu kwezidleke kanye namaqanda. Ngakho-ke, yenza ibanga phakathi kwalabo abaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngisho nezinkukhu azikwazi ukuzwa.
Okungenani ungabakhubaza ngebhasikidi wicker, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ama-horizons wezinkukhu.
Sixoxa ngezici zezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu: yiziphi izinqubo zokukhetha?
Izisebenzi ezinhle kakhulu zezinkukhu zihlanganisa lezozinkukhu ezimele inyama nezinhlobo zamaqanda. Futhi kuhle kakhulu ukufakwa kwesikhala sokutshala umzimba kubonakala ezinkukhu ezihlanzekileokuyinto evame ukugcinwa emizaneni.
Izinkukhu zokugcina ngokuvamile zinesisindo esifanelekayo sokufakelwa ukushiswa, ngaphandle kokuchitha okuningi phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Futhi, benza "abomama" abangenakuqhathaniswa abangakwazi kahle ukunakekela inzalo yabo.
Abaningi bayeluleka ukukhetha amatshanga ngokusho komugqa wabo wezakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, ukukhetha ngokuvumelana nezici zomama. Uma "umama" owenziwe kahle kakhulu ehlaselwa izinkukhu, khona-ke kusuka emzalwaneni wakhe kuzoba khona izinkukhu eziqhamuka kakhulu.
Kuphawulwe ukuthi izinkukhu ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuqothula amaqanda kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ukuzalanisa izinkukhu futhi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-turkeys. Inzuzo yabo ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlala kuwo wonke amaqanda, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngobuningi obukhulu kunenkukhu ngokwayo.
Kodwa-ke, akumele kuthathwe lezo zinkukhu ezizalwe nge-incubator. Ngisho noma kungama-hens angama-30 okungenani owodwa uqala ukungena entwasahlobo, lokhu kuzoba yinkinga engavamile kakhulu.
Lezi zinkukhu ezingezakhi zohlobo lweqanda nazo zimbi ekukhusheni. Okungcono, kungcono ukubeka amaqanda e-Legorn noma aseRussia ezinkukhu ngaphansi kwezinkukhu zezinye izinhlobo.
Nini isikhathi esihle sokutshala inkukhu emaqanda?
I-instinct yokugxubha ngokuvamile ibonakala kuzo zonke izinyoni zendawo yethu yezulu esentwasahlobo. Lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba ukukhula okuncane okwenzeka entwasahlobo kunesikhathi sokukhula kahle phakathi nenkathi efudumele yonyaka futhi sikhule ngamandla ekwindla nasebusika.
Ikakhulukazi, isikhathi esincane esifanayo, phansi kwabo kufakwe indawo egcwele imfucumfucu egcwele, okuzovikela inyoni ebusika obubandayo.
Kodwa entwasahlobo udinga ukuqagela kahle isikhathi, ngoba ungatshala inkukhu kakhulu kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kuyoba nenengozi enkulu yokufa kwesisitoreji esincane, ngoba kusukela entwasahlobo kuzodla isikhathi eside kubanda.
Ideal kuya inkukhu yahlala emaqanda esikhathini sokuqala sika-Ephreli, khona-ke izinkukhu zizovela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ofudumele. Nakuba, izincazelo ezinjalo zenziwe kabanzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukugxila ezimweni zezulu zesifunda sakho.
Ubude bokufakelwa kwamaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu
Isikhathi sezinkukhu ukufakelwa amaqanda kuncane kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zezinkukhu. Ngakho, ezinkukhu, le nkathi yesikhathi ngokuvamile ayikho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-20-21. Kodwa kumadada kanye nama-turkeys abasha bavele ngosuku lwama-27-28 kusukela ngesikhathi lapho inyoni ihlezi esihlahleni ngamaqanda.
Amahansi yiwona omude kakhulu esidlekeni - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-28 kuya kwezingu-30. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngisho nosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku ezichaziwe zokufakelwa, amaqanda aqala ukugxila. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqanda liyi-inkukhu eligcwele, elifaka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwegobolondo, ezama ukuphuma.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungenele kule nqubo ngaphandle kwesidingo esinjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngalesi sikhathi inkukhu iyaphazamisa ngokukhethekile, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuphazamisa futhi. Uma ekugcineni kuzoba khona amaqanda angu-1-2 lapho izinkukhu azizange zikwazi ukuphuma khona, ungabasiza.
Mangaki amaqanda engingawabeka ngaphansi kwenkukhu eyodwa futhi le namba ixhomeke kuphi?
Lesi sibalo sizotholakala ngokuqondile ukuthi yikuphi usayizi ngokwayo. Uma inkukhu inkulu kakhulu, khona-ke iyokwazi ukumboza amaqanda amaningi nomzimba wayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda angama-13 kuya kwangu-15 ahlelwe ngenkukhu ngayinye. Uma uhambisa amaqanda amakhulu ezinhlobo zezinkukhu, inani labo kufanele linciphise. Cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Inamba yamaqanda kufanele ibe yinto yokuthi ingafanelana ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwenkukhu. Uma ubona ukuthi lawo maqanda amabili noma awakwazi ukuvimbela inkukhu, kungcono ukuwathatha nhlobo kuze kube yilapho sehla.
- Amaqanda ngaphansi kwenkukhu kufanele alele emgqeni owodwa.
- Ungafaki amaqanda esidlekeni ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngemva nje kokuvela kwezinkukhu zokuqala, inkukhu izoshiya isidleke, futhi la maqanda ayobe esedluliselwa ize.
Ukunakekela inyoni nesidleke saso ngenkathi kuqeda amaqanda
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyinakekele lapho ubeka amaqanda ezinkukhu uyayidla. Ezinye izinkukhu zingase zibe nenkani kangangokuthi ziyonqaba ukuphuma esidlekeni phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokutshala. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokukhethekile ukuze idle, noma beka ukudla namanzi phambi kwesihlamba senyoni.
Kodwa-ke, ngamanzi kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izinyoni azigumbuli umkhumbi nazo futhi azikhuli izidleke zazo. Nakuba kubalulekile ukuthi inhlanzi yamanzi iseduze nesidleke ukubeka umkhumbi ngamanzi angakwazi ukubhukuda kancane.
I-feed nayo inezidingo zayo ezikhethekile: akufanele ibe yimanzi, ngoba kuleli fomu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu ku-hen.
Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3 le nyoni ngeke ivuke emaqanda, ngakho kumele isuswe esidlekeni futhi ifakwe emgodini ngokudla nabaphuzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kokudla, inkukhu ingaqhubeka nokuhamba, ngakho-ke idinga ukuphinda iphindwe futhi ihlale emaqanda.
Esikhathini esizayo, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile uma inyoni iphuma esidlekeni izikhathi ezingu-8 ukuze idle, ngenkathi ishiya amaqanda ayo kuphela imizuzu engu-10-15.
Ngenkathi kungekho inkukhu esihlahleni, ungahlola amaqanda nesidleke, ulungise udoti, uwuthathe indawo eyomile (uma udinga eyodwa).
Kakhulu kakhulu kubalulekile ukuhlola amaqanda ngesikhathiukucacisa ukuthi azikho yini ezingabonakali phakathi kwazo ezizokhanya. Ukube kwakunomanyolo, khona-ke phakathi nalesi sikhathi uzobona umbungu ngaphakathi kuwo ngendlela yendawo emnyama kanye nezibonakaliso zesistimu yokujikeleza esizayo.
Kanti futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kombungu ngenxa yesinye isizathu noma esinye isinye. Kulesi simo, ngaphakathi kweqanda, uzobona indandatho yegazi noma i-gyrus eyodwa.
Kubuye futhi, kufanelekile ukuhlola amaqanda ngaphansi kokugxila, ezinkukhu yilolu suku lwama-19, amadada nama-turkeys - usuku lwama-26, futhi e-goose - ngosuku lwama-27-28. Kubalulekile ukususa esidlekeni lawo maqanda lapho kunezibungu ezifriziwe ezizobhekwa njengokumnyama ngaphandle kwemithwalo yegazi.
Enye iphuzu elibalulekile ekunakekeleni inkukhu ukuhlolwa kwesimo sakhe. Ukuhamba kancane futhi ukungabi nethuba lokuthatha uthuli, kanye nokugeza umlotha, inkukhu ingathola ama-parasites amaningi. Uma kunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuyeka ukusabalalisa.
Izici zokubukeka kwentsha
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, izinkukhu ziqala ukuhamba emhlabeni jikelele kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-19-21. Baqeda amaqanda, bamanzi, kepha emva kokuhlala ngaphansi kwenkukhu amahora amaningana bayomile ngokuphelele.
Kodwa kakade sewomile, kunconywa ukuthi ubasuse ekukhunjini isikhathi eside bese uwabeka ebhokisini ngendwangu elithambile, eboshwe ngaphambili, ngezansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele agcinwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile kusukela ngo-26 ukuya ku-28ºС.
Isilinganiso esinjalo sithathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkukhu yahlala emaqanda asele. Phela, ikhukhu inesici - ukushiya isidleke ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwezinkukhu eziningana. Kungenzeka ukuthi ugijime zonke izinkukhu ngaphansi kwenkukhu kuphela emva kokuba inkukhu ivela eqanda lokugcina elisele ngaphansi kwalo.
Isici esibalulekile ukuthi kuya nenyoni eyodwa ungahlala phansi nezinye izinkukhu, ikakhulukazi, ifakwe nge-incubator.
Uma ubavumela ukuba bavalele le nkhukhu kanye nezingane zabo, futhi bakwenze kusihlwa ngesikhathi sokudla, ngeke baqonde noma yini. Kodwa-ke, ukuncibilika kwenani lezinkukhu akufanele, ngoba inkukhu eyodwa iyona ekwazi ukushayela abantu abangu-25.
Ekunakekeleni izinkukhu eziphelile kanye nezingane zabo, okulandelayo kubalulekile:
- Inkukhu kumele idliwe kahle, ingaxhomeki ekudleni okukhulu, kodwa ngokubaluleka komsoco wayo kule nyoni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu kanye nemifino kule ration hen.
- Ukondla izinkukhu ziqala ngeqanda eliqhekekile, lapho imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu, okusanhlamvu okubilisiwe, kancane kancane kunikezwa khona, ngemva kwalokho sekuvele kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshele emlonyeni owomile.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu kokubili inkukhu kanye nabancane ukuba baphuze amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile, okuyisisekelo sakho sokuqala. Cabanga ukuthi inkukhu endala nezinkukhu ezincane zizodinga abaphuza abahlukile.
- Kubalulekile ukukhulula njalo intsha ngokuhamba, kodwa kufanele kube khona indawo epeni lapho inkukhu ingafihla khona abasha besimo sezulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izinyoni ezilwaneni.
