Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinkomo zengulube kunzima ukuthola lezo ezizofaneleka kokubili uhlobo lokusebenza, kanye nemibandela yokujwayela isimo sezulu, kanye nokudla okudingekayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhetha okunjalo, ekuqaleni kufanele uhlolisise amakhono akho nezidingo zakho, bese uhlola kuphela uhlobo ngalunye ngezici zalo ezihlukile.
Kodwa namanje, kunezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zalezi zilwane ezingafanelana nanoma yimuphi umlimi wezingulube.
Sikhuluma ngezingulube zohlobo olubomvu-belt, izinzuzo zokukhula ozothola kuphela ngokuqhubeka nokufakwa kwalesi sihloko.
Ukukhetha kahle izingulube - isihluthulelo sokuzalanisa ngempumelelo
Ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekutheni ukhetho lwezingulube lwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lo mbuzo kufanele uhanjiswe kahle, unakekele kuphela izici ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi nezici zohlobo oludingayo.
Esikhathini sokuqala, okulandelayo kubhekwa kubalulekile. izici zokubukeka zengulube:
- Qaphela isimo jikelele sesilwane. Emgodini, izingulube ezincane kufanele zibe namandla, ziphilile.
Uma, uma uhlolisisa izimpahla ezinikezwa wena, uqaphela ukuthi ziyi-lethargic, kungcono ukuthi ungabungozi, futhi ukuphendukela kwabanye abathengisi, ngoba izimpawu ezinjalo zingabonisa ukuthi kukhona izifo.
- Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kuqala ngineluleka ukuba unake imbongolo uthenge izilwane. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma lingcolile - lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokugaya.
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungase kungabi inkinga enkulu, kodwa kungaletha izinkinga eziningi, amathuba okufa aphezulu.
- Indlela elula yokuthola isimo sesilwane ukuhlola isimo somsila. Uma iphikisiwe, i-piglet inempilo enhle, futhi akukho izinkinga okufanele zivele nazo.
- Mayelana nezikhwama noma ezinye iziboniso zesifo kanye nezinwele ezinzima ezingcolile. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube bushelelezi.
- Ukuthi isilwane sizokwazi ukuthola isisindo esizayo esikhathini esizayo siboniswa ukuma komzimba wayo: imilenze ende, emuva futhi imbobo.
Qonda ukuthi phambi kwakho ummeleli wobomvu obomvu, ungaqondana ngqo nombala wesikhumba. Phela, lo mhlobo unombala obomvu, futhi uhlukaniswa nebhande elincanyana, elivame ukumboza umzimba nje ngezansi kwamapayipi.
Futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa ukubuza mayelana nomuntu ohamba naye kumthengisi: kubalulekile ukubuza uhlobo lobabili oluhlwanyelayo namabhodlela, isisindo sabo, inani le-farrowing engulube. Umthengisi we-fitness kufanele futhi akutshele ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo eyondla ukuhlwanyela kanye nezingulube ukuze kamuva ungaba nezinkinga nabo.
Yiziphi izici zezingulube ezibomvu: incazelo yokuzalwa
Qala ukujwayelana nalolu hlobo lwezingulube incazelo yemvelaphi yabo, noma kunalokho kusuka kulezo zihlobo ezazisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqala zokuzalanisa.
Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziswe inyama ye-Poltava yengulube, eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okusezingeni.
Futhi, izakhi zofuzo zathathwa kwezinye izinhlobo eziyaziwayo zezingulube, ezisezinhlobo zenyama - Hampshire, Duroc, Krupna Belaya no-Landrace.
Uhlobo olutholakala ngenxa yokuwela okunjalo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu lubonakala luyingxenye yezinto ezikhiqiza kakhulu, ngokushesha lwaqala ukusabalaliswa kuwo wonke amapulazi epulazi aseSoviet Union.
Namuhla, izingulube ezibomvu-belt zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ingulube yezimboni kuphela, kodwa zitholakala kakhulu emapulazini amateur amfuyo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezingulube ezichazwe?
Umthethosisekelo wabamele abomvu obomvu wezingulube unamandla kakhulu.
Okokuqala, lesi sici sibavumela ukuba babe ukuphikisana nokuningi kwezimo zezulu, okungukuthi, ukuzalanisa kungenzeka kokubili eningizimu nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Okwesibili, ngomthethosisekelo onjalo, izilwane azithokozi kakhulu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, hhayi ezithakazelisayo ngokudla.
Ngendlela, ukondla lo mhlobo kulula kakhulu - izingulube ziyakwazi ukudla futhi zithole isisindo cishe noma yikuphi ukudla. Yiqiniso, lokho uma kunomsoco futhi kuhlangene ngokucophelela - khona-ke umphumela uzofika ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukugcinwa kwezingulube ezibomvu nakho akuvezi ubunzima, ngoba ngisho nezimo ezilula ze-pigsty zizozivumelanisa ngokuphelele. Abantu abadala abanesibindi ukubekezelela ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni kuya ku-5ºС, ukungabi khona kweziqephu ezihamba phambili noma indawo yokubhukuda.
Yiqiniso, i-ngulube yengulube idlala kude nendawo yokuqala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inenzuzo yokuyizalisa noma cha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunxele bebhande elibomvu-belt ohlangothini lwamacala amahlombe, kunzima kakhulu ukulidibanisa nabanye abantu.
Ngakho, amathuba okuthi uzothola izingulube ezifanele emakethe futhi uthole imikhiqizo eminingi emihle kakhulu.
Enye yezinzuzo ezilinganayo ezibalulekile zalolu hlobo kuyindlela yokusebenzisa ama-boars abomvu ngokufaka umanyolo wezinye izinhlobo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okulandelayo izinzuzo:
- Ukwanda kwezihlwanyelo zenye imfuyo kwanda ngezingulube ezingu-0.2-0.55.
- Isikhathi esinciphile kakhulu lapho ingulube inesikhathi sokufinyelela esimweni sokulethwa (cishe izinsuku ezingu-15-18).
- Ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo izindleko zokudla izingulube. Ngokuyinhloko, i-kilogram eyodwa yokukhula isetshenziselwa ama-feed angaphansi kuka-0.3-0.5.
- Ama-boars-belt belt, njengabameleli benyama, futhi ukwandisa ukukhishwa kwenyama nenzalo yabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlwanyela. Inani lenyama emzimbeni landa ngo 2-3%.
Ukwazi ukungalungi kohlobo: yini okudingeka uyenze kusengaphambili?
Kulo mhlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kukhona njalo udoti owomile epeni labo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi izingulube ezibomvu ezibomvu ziyizilwane ezihlanzekile, ngakho-ke ukuhlanzeka kufanele kubonakale engxenyeni yomnikazi. Ubulili obunamanzi bungacasula izilwane, ngenxa yalokho ukuthi bangaqala ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
Futhi ungavumeli ama-drafts ekamelwenilapho lezi zikhumba zigcinwa khona. Naphezu kokuzivikela okuqinile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo bavame ukulimaza.
Ngokuvamile, lezi ziphutha yizo kuphela ezingabizwa ngokuphathelene nohlobo olubomvu-belt.
Ezinye izici ezibalulekile zezingulube ezibomvu nezibhande
Ukuchaza izingulube ezibomvu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ziyizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, okumele zicatshangelwe lapho zakha izikhombe zazo.
Izinhlobo zenyama, okungukuthi, zonke izingxenye zomzimba lapho kunemisipha, zithuthuka kakhulu. Inhloko yalezi zilwane ilula kakhulu, incane. Izinzwa nazo zincane, isethi enezingqimba.
Umzimba ujule kakhulu, ububanzi, ubude, okwakushiwo ngenhla, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola isisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitho zebhande elibomvu azikona nje isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi ziqinile.
Ngokwezibuyekezo zabakhiqizi bezingulube, amacala anjalo, lapho ingulube iwela emasendweni ayo ngenxa yesisindo sayo esikhulu, akwenzekanga kubameleli balolu hlobo.
Kungaba kanjani ukukhiqiza okukhiqizayo uma kukhulile ekhaya: okuhlangenwe nakho kwababelethi bezingulube
Ngohlobo lokusebenza izingulube ezibomvu-belt kukhona inyama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izidumbu zazo eziningi ziqukethe inyama, futhi izicubu ezinamafutha zikhula kancane. Ezingeni lika-6-7 le-vertebra yama-thoracic, ukuqina kwamafutha omuntu ophethwe kahle kungahluka kumamitha angu-21 kuya kwangu-25, okuphansi kakhulu kwezingulube.
Ngokuvamile, lapho umuntu ekhulile, ama-boars akhiqiza kalula isisindo sika 300-340 kilogram. Isisindo sokuhlwanyela, eqinisweni, sincane, futhi singahluka kusuka ku-200 kuya kuma-250 kilogram, okuyizinto eziningi kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba wabantu abesilisa nabo bangaphikisana nanoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lwezingulube, ngoba le nkhomba ingalingana no-180-185 amasentimitha. Ubude bomzimba ohlwanyelayo ngokwesilinganiso ngu-160-169 amasentimitha.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezingulube ikhono lokuzala izingane zabo. Endabeni yezingulube ezibomvu, lesi sici kufanele sihlolwe njengenye inzuzo, ngoba izihlwanyelo zabo zibhekwa njengezihlanganisiwe.
Ikakhulukazi, ngisho nasemakhaya ajwayelekile, ohlwanyela nge-farrowing emibili noma eyodwa angaveza kusuka kuma-pigle angu-10 kuya kwangu-12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo esibukhoma esidlekeni, esifike eminyakeni eyizinyanga ezimbili, ngokuvamile kuvame kusuka ku-177 kuya ku-188 kilogram.
Amapulazi e-Pig ayazi ukuthi uma umuntu ehlwanyela emzalweni ochazwe i-farrow engu-3, waletha izingulube ezingu-36 eziphilile ekukhanyeni. Ngesikhathi sokulunywa ngulube, isisindo sabo sonke sasingama-660 kilogram.
Izilwane ezincane zikhula kahlengoba umzimba wabo unekhono lokusebenzisa ngokweqile izakhi ezitholayo.
Kakade ngosuku lwama-170-205, izingulube ezincane zifinyelela isisindo samakhilogremu angu-100, hhayi ukunciphisa izinga lokukhula esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenyuka kwansuku zonke kungaba kusuka kuma-480 kuya ku-870 amagremu, kuye ngokuthi kuningi nokudla okunomsoco wokudla abawutholayo.
Izindleko nge-1 kg yokukhula kuphela ama-3.1-3.8 ama-fodder amayunithi, okuvumela ukuba uthole u-56-62% wenyama ekuphumeni.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zezinkomo zenyama yengulube.
Ukunakekela izingulube ezibomvu: sinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezibalulwe ngenhla zohlobo, ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuzoxhomeka ngqo ekunakekeleni komnikazi, kanye nokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kwezilwane. Ngalokho, akusho nje kuphela imithetho yokulungisa izakhiwo zokugcina izingulube, ukuzinikeza isikhala sokuhamba, kodwa futhi nokudla okuqondile.
Imithetho yokondla ama-piglets nabantu abadala
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukondla izingulube kulula, ngoba azikhethi ngokudla, ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluchazwe ngathi.
Kungenzeka kube yimithi enamandla ngokwanele yemifino ehlathini kanye nokwengezwa kwemfucuza yokudla ekhishini. Kodwa-ke, indlela enjalo yendabuko yokudla ayinikezi njalo umphumela oyifunayo ngokwezomkhiqizo wezilwane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zanamuhla abafuyi bahlala ekudleni okomile.
Kulokhu, izingulube zondliwa ngosizo lwezingxube ezihlukahlukene ze-cereal, okuyinto yokudla okunomsoco zengezela amathambo noma ukudla kwesinkwa, ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwekhekhe, kanye nezithako ezikhethekile ze-vitamin-complex.
Iphuzu elibalulekile kuphela ekudleni okomile yilokho Izingulube kuzodingeka zinikezwe amanzi amaningi, okuzovimbela izinkinga ngokugaya nokulinganisa amanzi emzimbeni wabo.
Ngokuvamile, ukutshala uketshezi olubomvu, yebo, ukhetho lwesibili lokudla lungcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokuthola isisindo sezilwane nsuku zonke, kulula kakhulu kumnikazi.
Phela, akudingeki ukuba upheke amazambane nsuku zonke, uhlanganise nabo nezinye izingxenye zokudla futhi uphathe amabhakede anzima ku-pigsty. Into eyodwa okumele yenziwe ukuthi ugcwalise umgudu wokuphakelayo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku bese uthele amanzi.
- Izingulube zezinhlayiya kufanele zinikezwe kuphela efomini elisemhlabathini. Iqiniso liwukuthi isilwane asikwazi ukuhlaziya okusanhlamvu okuphelele, ngakho-ke kuyoba ukuhumusha kuphela ukudla.
- Amazambane kanye neminye imifino yempande kungcono ukunikeza izingulube eziphekwe, qiniseka ukuthi ugeleza amanzi. Ngendlela yobumba, banikwa kuphela ngamanani amancane, njengesithasiselo sevithamini.
- Akudingekile ukunikeza ingulube ukudla okuningi, ukuze ahlale emgodini.
- Ngokwezinhlobo zokudla, okubandakanya izingulube ezibomvu, kubalulekile ukwengeza amaprotheni ekudleni: izitshalo ezinomsoco, inhlanzi noma inyama nesifuba, ubisi olucijiwe, imvubelo yefolda.
Ngezingulube ezincane, kubalulekile ukuthi ekuqaleni bangadla ubisi lwezingulube, futhi kakade kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu ungaqala ukuzondla kancane. Kubalulekile ukubanika ukudla, nge-premixes eyongezwe kubo. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuqeqesha izisu zezingulube zokudla okunamafuthafuthi futhi izondla kahle izilwane zazo.
Kakade uneminyaka eyi-1.5 kubalulekile ukubasusa kumama, kodwa akufanelekile ukukwenza kahle; kubalulekile ukuthi sebevele bafunde ukudla ngalesi sikhathi.
Indlela yokutshala izingulube ezibomvu ekhaya: izinzuzo eziyinhloko
Uma ubulale lonke ulwazi olungenhla, mhlawumbe, wena ngokwakho wakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi akunzima nakancane ukukhula izingulube ezibomvu ekhaya.
Lolu hlobo luyinto encane kakhulu emibandela yokuboshwa kanye nokuthi luhlobo luni lokudla olunikezayo.
Uma ugcina umhlwanyelo wakho kanye nomanyolo womanyolo, ungathola kalula inzalo enhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inzuzo kulezi zingulube ingabi nje kuphela inqwaba yenyama, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi inakekele intsha.
Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukucabangela amaphuzu alandelayo avumayo:
- Ukuze kulondolozwe abantu abadala kumele badle izikhala eziphambili ngaphakathi kwe-pigsty.
- Kuhle kakhulu, uma unikeza izilwane ithuba ehlobo ukuhamba phansi emgwaqeni, ugibele odakeni.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo yokuhamba ihlinzekwe kuma-piglets amancane (kodwa hhayi kanye nabantu abadala). Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi enjalo, ingaba buhlungu kakhulu, futhi ama-rickets ngokuvamile akhula.
Okubalulekile mayelana nokuzala kwesibalo: ukugxila nokuhlwanyelwa kwezimboni
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, lolu hlobo luyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane we-umquba, izinkinga zokuqothula umhlwanyeli ngokuvamile azivuki.
Umsebenzi wobulili kubantu abasha ungase uqale ngokushesha ngenyanga yesishiyagalombili yokuphila. Isikhathi sokubeletha kwezingulube siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-115. Bazalwa izidleke ezinkulu, kepha inhlwanyelo ibonisa ukunakwa okuningi, inikeze konke ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ukufa kwalesi sizalo kwakungacatshangwa.
Kusabalulekile ukuba khona ngokuqondile ku-farrowing, ngoba inqwaba yezinzalo kuncipha ukuhlwanyela.
Kubuye kubalulekile kule nkinga ukubeka utshani obumile obunzima epeni kanye nengulube, lapho yena ngokwakhe angazenzela khona isidleke.
Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyikhawulela ekudleni, ukunikeza kuphela ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile namanzi ahlanzekile.
Iqiniso lokuthi ingulube izoletha maduzane abasha, izobonisa ubufakazi bokukhula kwamasayizi omzimba kanye nezinhlayiya ze-mammary, isinciphisa kakhulu isisu. Ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, uthola ubisi, ingulube iqala ukulala kaningi futhi ivuke kubla.
Qaphela ukukhanya kokufakelwa kwama-piglets, kanye nokushisa, uma inqubo yokwehliswa kwemvelo kwenzeka esikhathini esibandayo.
