Uma eminyakeni engu-10 edlule, ama-eggplants ayebhekwa njengento ethile engaseningizimu, ngisho nokudla okumnandi, ngakho-ke namuhla leli siko litholakala ema-mail kuwo wonke umbhede.
Futhi into yukuthi lapho usunambitha inyama yayo enhle, kuba nzima ukuziphika injabulo enjalo.
Ikakhulukazi, uma unombhede wakho wensimu, lapho kubonakala khona indawo ekhethekile yokutshala ama-eggplant.
Namuhla sizokhuluma nje ngezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo, okuhloswe ukutshalwa ensimini, sigxile kuphela ekuhambeni okuhle kakhulu.
Nathi uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izici zokufika kwazo kanye nemithetho edingekayo yokunakekelwa.
Yiziphi izindlela okufanele zihlangabezane nezinhlobo ze-eggplant ezifanele ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ngalolu hlobo lokulima ama-eggplants, kuphela lezo zinhlobo ezinezikhathi zokuvuthwa kakhulu kanye nezivuno eziphezulu ezifanelekile.
Isitshalo seqanda esinembile kakhulu singakhipha imbewu yokutshala ngonyaka ozayo. Ngokuvamile, izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zingaba yisitshalo esincane noma isihlahla esiphakathi, sibe ne-branching enhle.
Izithelo zingenziwa ngobukhulu obuhlukene ngokuphelele nobubunjwa, kepha umbala uvame ukutholakala obomvu obomvu. Futhi, kungenzeka ukuba ukhule ngendlela efanayo kanye nonyaka wephakathi nonyaka, kodwa angeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kuleso sibonakaliso ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola imbewu ezitshalweni ezitholakalayo. Sizojwayelana kokubili neyokuqala, nangesibili.
Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda "Balagur" - yini ezojabulisa futhi isimanga?
Sivame ukuba iqiniso lokuthi isithelo esisodwa esisodwa sakhiwa kusukela ekuqhutshweni kwesihlahla samaqanda. Kodwa lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuzosijabulisa ngokuhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwe-fruiting - isandla.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhulashi elilodwa liyathokozisa izithelo eziningana, ngokuvamile inamba yabo ivela ku-4 kuya ku-6. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sikhulu kakhulu zigcwele izithelo: kuye ngokuthi ukukhathazeka nezimo zezulu, inombolo yabo ingaba kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-100.
Isihlahla singafinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezulu kwamamitha; akumele kube khona ukuthi kungashiywa ngaphandle kokusekelwa.
Ngakho, ezihlukahlukene yi ukuphakama okuphezulu, kusuka endaweni engama-1m2, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kalula kusuka ku-6.8 kuya kuma-7.2 kilogram yezithelo ezimakethe.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobo ze-eggplants ezithakazelisayo zinomumo ongajwayelekile kakhulu, ofana ne-ellipse. Umbala wabo nawo awujwayelene kahle nalesi siko - kunalokho kunombala obomvu obugqamile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhumba sabo sincane kakhulu, futhi inyama ngaphansi kwayo imhlophe, ilukhuni, futhi inambitheka kakhulu. Kodwa, njengoba inani elikhulu ngokwanele likhishwa esihlahleni nasesitheleni sesandla, abazuzi isisindo esikhulu phezu kwenkathi yonke ekhulayo - kuphela u-80-130 amagremu kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kumamitha angu-10 ukuya ku-17, kanye nesibonakaliso sobubanzi - kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-6.
Izizathu lapho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeqanda zichazwa zithanda:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zingezokuvuthwa kokuqala, ngoba ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezithelo kuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-85 noma eziyi-100 emva kokuba izithombo zokuqala zivele. Ngakho-ke, njengoba uthenge imbewu yalesi sitshalo seqanda kanyekanye, ungawaqoqa ukuze kuhlungwe okulandelayo.
- Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule utshani lwalezi zinhlobonhlobo hhayi kuphela ensimini, kodwa futhi ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela noma ku-greenhouse. Isihlahla kuleli cala singathatheka ngisho kuze kufike ku-1.3m ubude.
- Ukuwa kwezimbali, kanye ne-ovary ebonakalayo, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
- Kukhona ukumelana okuhle negciwane elinjalo elibanzi kulo masiko njengendlela yomdwebo wegwayi.
- Kubonisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu ngisho nokutshala ubuningi bezitshalo ezingu-5 nge-1m2.
Isihlahla kumele siboshwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi uma i-fruiting ikhulu kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubophe izibhamu ngezinhlamvu.
Ama-eggplants "Vakula" - ibanga elihle kakhulu elivuthiwe lokuvuna
Lezi zihlukahlukene ziwumphumela wempumelelo yokukhethwa kweRussia, isihlahla esingasetshenziswa ngisho nokufinyelela ngamamitha angu-2.2 ngobukhulu, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwe-1.2 (sibheka phezulu uma sikhulile ezimweni zokushisa).
E-fruiting inikeza umthwalo ophakeme kakhulu esihlahleni, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukubopha.
Ukuthela unayo ephakeme kakhulu - kusuka ku-9.8 kuya ku-12.2 kilogram enezindawo ezingu-1m2.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kunconywa ukuba ungatshala ngaphezu kuka-3-5 rasenia endaweni ecacisiwe.
Izithelo zeqabunga lama-eggplants "Vakula" nazo zihlukile efomini elihle ellipsoid. Kodwa-ke, umbala wabo ojwayele uboya obomvu, futhi inyama kunomsoco futhi umhlophe. Ukuthanda kakhulu ukuhlukanisa lokhu kuhlukahluka kwabanye abaningi.
Ubuningi bezithelo futhi buphakeme kakhulu - kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-400 amagremu, yingakho bekwazi ukulayisha kakhulu isihlahla. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ubude besitshalo seqanda esisodwa singashintsha kusuka kumamitha angu-17 kuya kwangu-20, futhi ububanzi bayo - 9-10 amasentimitha.
Izintandokazi izinhlobo okufanele nakanjani uqaphele:
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kakhulu kwezithelo. Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kuza kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-95-100.
- Isivuno sakha futhi sivuthwa kakhulu ngendlela efanayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, esenza kube lula ukuvuna ezihlahleni.
- Kukhona cishe amameva esihlahleni, okwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa.
- Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezimo ezihambisana nezimo ezihlukene zokukhula, hhayi kuphela ngokuphathelene nomhlabathi ovulekile noma wokushisa, kepha nasezifundazweni zezulu.
Sibheke kakade ukuthi amahlumela avame ukugcwala ngokweqile ngenxa yobuningi bezitshalo kanye nokuvuthwa kwabo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kule ndaba, isitshalo seqanda "Vakula" sidinga ukunakekelwa okuningi, ukuphoqeleka ukuhlanganisa nokulinganisa kwemifino yezitshalo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-eggplant "Sancho Panza" kanye nezici zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu
Umkhiqizo walezi zihlukahlukene umane uhle kakhulu, nakuba ngokuvamile kungase kungabi kuhle njengebanga elidlule. Noma kunjalo, inzuzo ye "Sancho Panso" yukuthi umane nje izithelo ezinkuluisisindo sawo singafinyelela ku-0.9 kilogram.
Ngokuvamile, isihlahla kulezi zinhlobonhlobo sinobukhulu besilinganiso, izinkomba eziphakeme zokuphakama kwayo zingamamitha ayi-1.5. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihlahla sinamandla futhi cishe asinameva.
Sesivele sikhulume isisindo esiphezulu sesithelo, kodwa kufanele sibone ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sabo si-0.5-0.6 kilogram. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, banesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, abajwayele ngokwanele amaqabunga. Isikhumba sigcwele umbala obomvu obomvu, inyama imhlophe. Uhluke ekuthandeni okuhle.
Izinzuzo ukulima kwama-eggplants "iSancho Panso":
- Imigomo yesikhathi esiphakathi yokuvuthwa kwezithelo ezenzeka emva kwezinsuku ezingu-120-130 kusukela ngesikhathi amahlumela okuqala wezithombo avela.
- Ubukhulu obukhulu bezithelo kanye nesethulo sabo esihle, ukunambitha.
- Inhloso yonke yama-eggplants kuleli banga ayilungele kuphela ukupheka indlu, kodwa futhi nokulondolozwa.
- Ukuphikiswa kubonakala ezifweni ezinjengegciwane lesigwayi sogwayi kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasendleleni yokushisa.
Ukucabangela ukuthi lezi zihlukahlukene azivuthanga ekuqaleni, kodwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala, isivuno saso sithela kuphela izithelo zokusetshenziswa komuntu. Kodwa ukuvuthwa kwembewu kwezinye izindawo akukwenzeka, ngakho-ke ngonyaka ozayo kuzodingeka bathenge.
Isitshalo seqanda esivumela kakhulu futhi esiqamba amanga "Negus": ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe nezinhlobonhlobo
Lokhu okuhlukahluka akubhekiseli kuphela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ze-eggplants eziphezulu. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesitshalo seqanda kuqala ukuqala ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezobuchwepheshe, kuphela izinsuku ezingu-70-90.
Izihlahla zincane kakhulu, zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angu-50-60 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma utshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezimbonini, kusuka ehektheleni eli-1 kuvela ukuqoqa amathani angu-45 esitshalo.
Isici salokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuthi ukuvunwa njalo kanye ngesonto, ungathinta kakhulu isivuno esiphelele, kanye nokwandisa inkathi ekhulayo yesihlahla.
Ubukhulu bezithelo ezihlahleni zalezi zinhlobonhlobo akuzona ezinkulu kakhulu, kepha kunenzuzo kwenye. Zinesisindo esingama-150-300 amagremu, nakuba iningi lazo zifomathi esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ifomu abanemibhoshongo, ehlanganisiwe. Umbala wabo wangaphandle ugcwele violet, futhi ngaphakathi kwenyama unemibala emhlophe emhlophe. Yilokho inyama efanelekile ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba nakuba kunzima kakhulu, kunomusa omuhle kakhulu, omuhle kakhulu.
Yini enye emanga izinhlobo zesithunzi:
- Isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, okuvumela ukuba sikhule ezihlukahlukene ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
- Ukuthi kungenzeka imbewu yokuvuna.
- Isivuno esikhulu kakhulu, kanye nokufaneleka kwesithelo sokuthutha kanye nesikhathi eside sokugcina.
- Ikhono lokwelulela isivuno isikhathi eside, njalo izithelo ezintsha.
- Ilungele zonke izinhlobo zokupheka nokulondolozwa.
Ukubukeka akujwayele kakhulu ama-eggplant, ngakho-ke, kunciphisa ukuhweba kwabo. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuthuthwa futhi zigcinwa kahle kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zesitshalo seqanda eSiberia.
Isitshalo seqanda "Simferopol 12/105" - isimangaliso esakhiwe ogwini olusenyakatho eCrimea
Ukuthela lokhuhlukahluka kwesitshalo seqanda kakhulu kakhulu lapho uhlathini ludlala khona indima enkulu, enegunya lokukhula elingaphezu kwesilinganiso.
Izithelo zivuthiwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala - ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-110-125 zonyaka okhulayo wesihlahla. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho nganoma iyiphi indlela ukunciphisa ukufaneleka kwabo futhi akunciphisi izimfanelo ezinhle zesithelo.
Abantu abaningi bathanda lezi zithelo kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi akuzona izithelo ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa futhi kubukeka kahle kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, isisindo sesitshalo seqanda esisodwa ngokwesilinganiso singahluka kusuka kuma-250 kuya ku-500 amagremu, okwamanje, angakhula ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokujwayelekile.
Ifomu labo alisaziwa - lingaba lifushane noma li-oval ngokuphelele. Zigwetshwe ngombala obomvu obomvu obomvu obusobala obonakala buqede ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka kwendawo ebushelelekile yesikhumba.
Iyini ukubaluleka kwezinhlobo ezichazwe phakathi nendawo ezichazwe isitshalo seqanda?
- Ubukhulu obukhulu bezithelo kanye nesethulo sabo esimangalisayo.
- I-fruiting ehlathini elihle kanye nokuvuthwa kwezithelo okusheshayo.
- Izinhlobo ze-eggplant "iSimferopol" iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokulungiselela i-caviar nokugxila.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinenhloso encane kakhulu, azifaneleki neze ukugaya ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwangaphambili. I-Caviar etholakala kubo ayigcinwanga isikhathi eside. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu - ukupheka ngokushesha emva kokuvuna.
Yiziphi izici zokutshala ama-eggplant emhlabathini ovulekile: yazi kahle inqubo
Naphezu kokufanana kwazo kanye nobuhlobo nezitshalo eziningi zensimu, lapho amaqabunga okutshala kufanele acabangele lezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Lesi siko si-thermophilic, ngoba sasivela eningizimu. Ukushisa kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ekuvundeni, lapho okushisa akufanele kube ngezansi + 20ºС.
- Izithombo zitshalwe kuphela uma usongo lweqhwa seludlulile ngokuphelele. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe nazo zesaba amakhaza.
- Ama-eggplants awabekezeleli ukuntuleka kwamanzi.
- Izitshalo kufanele zikhanyiswe kakhulu ilanga, kodwa amahora angu-12 kuphela ngosuku.
- Umhlabathi kufanele ukhethwe ngokuzala okuphezulu, kanye nokuhlunga kahle, ukukhanya.
- Njengabaqaphi embhedeni nama-eggplants kufanele kube izaqathe, anyanisi, ubhontshisi, iklabishi yokuqala, amakhabe. Ayikwazi ukutshala emva kwetamatisi noma i-pepper. Isitshalo seqanda singakhula endaweni efanayo kanye kuphela eminyakeni emithathu.
Uma ukutshala lesi siko kubaluleke kakhulu inhlabathi ngokucophelelauma kungenjalo, isitshalo kanye nesimiso saso kuyoba nzima ukukhula.
Futhi, ngaphambi kokutshala umbhede awugcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uletha inani elikhulu lomanyolo, inzuzo eyanikezwa ukuba i-peat ne-humus. Akudingekile ukwenza umbhede ububanzi kunamitha ayi-1, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-30.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda, umbhede uphathwa nge-mullein eshisayo, engabuye isetshenziswe umquba "Effecton".
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela izithombo ngokuvamile iqhutshwa emabhokisini, okukhona endlini noma ku-greenhouse. Noma kunjalo, ungawahlwanyela ngqo embhedeni wensimu, ugcine nje ngaphansi kwefilimu ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Imbewu ihlwanyiswa maphakathi no-Mashi, kodwa kuye ngokuthi yiziphi ezihlukahlukene, ingase iguquke kancane.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-eggplant endaweni evulekile kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho kufika ukushisa, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaweli ngaphansi + 15ºС. Lokhu kuvame ukusukela ngoMeyi 25 kuya kuJuni 10.
Ukukhetha uhlelo lokutshala udinga ukucabangela usayizi wehlathi, ngoba okwedlula kunazo zonke ungashiya ibanga lamamentimitha angu-30, futhi likhulu kunazo zonke futhi liphakeme kakhulu - ngisho no-50.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwemigqa kufanele kube okufanele - kusuka kumamitha angu-60 kuya ku-80. Akumele kube khona ukuhlwanyela ukutshala, ngoba kuyoholela ekuvuneni okuphansi.
Izici eziyinhloko zokunakekela ama-eggplant: bajwayele futhi bafunde
- Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, kumele ihlale ikhululiwe, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemvula enzima.
- Ukunisela kwakunikezela ngokuningi, ukumiswa akuvunyelwe. Amanzi okuchelela atshiswa elangeni.
- Phakathi nenkathi izihlahla zidla izikhathi ezintathu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-slurry kule njongo, engasetshenziswa esikhundleni somquba wezinkukhu noma umanyolo wamaminerali.
- Ukhula ludinga ukuhlala lukhula futhi luqiniseke ukuthi azikho izifo noma izinambuzane ezitshalweni, ukubhekana nazo ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Ukubhakabhaka kubalulekile ukuqhuma njalo nokubopha, okuthinta kakhulu ukukhula kwabo.
- Kungcono ukwakhiwa kwamabhayisikobho phezu kombhede, okuzokwelula ifilimu ebusuku. Lokhu kuzovikela izitshalo kusuka ku-hypothermia.
