I-Pepper noma i-Paprika, eyilungu lomndeni waseSolanaceae, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-pepper elimnandi.
Naphezu kwegama, le mifino ayihlangene nopele omnyama omnyama.
Imifino yePepper iyisiko elinamandla kakhulu, elibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yaseMelika.
Lemifino ithanda umswakama nokushisa, kepha lezi zithiyo azivimbeli abalimi basekhaya ekutshaleni ama-saplings amaningi nezinhlobo ezahlukene zepelepele ezindaweni zokugcina zokugcina nezithombo zokugcina.
Kungenxa yokunakekelwa kwayo, ukutshala izithombo ze-pepper kungaba yisikhubekiso, ikakhulukazi kubalimi be-novice.
Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu emhlabathini Kumelwe uzibale, ngoba konke kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene.
Uma le pepper oyikhethile kusenesikhathi, izithombo kufanele zihlale ezimbizeni izinsuku ezingama-65. Uma kwenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala noma zakuqala zokuvuthwa, isikhathi "sesithombo" senyukela ezinsukwini ezingama-65 kuya ku-70.
Uma le pepper iphuzile, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kufanele kufinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-75 ubudala.
Isibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izihlahla, ukubunjwa kwezimbali kanye nama-ovaries. Kukhona ithuba lokuthi uzothola imbewu iphuze kakhulu. Kulokhu, izithombo kuzomele zilinde isikhathi eside.
Uma imbewu ihluma, amaviki amathathu kuya kwangu-4 adinga ukugcina izithombo ngaphansi kwama-fitolamps okudingeka asetshenziswe amahora 10-12 ngosuku.
Ukuze imbewu ngokushesha futhi ihlume ngokunembile, udinga ukuhlinzeka kubo izimo ezikhululekile ezungeze. Kulokhu udinga control lokushisa, okungukuthi, ngo-28-32 ° C, amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinsukwini ezingu-4-7 ngemva kokuhlwanyela.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukunamathela ekushiseni okunjengokushisa, khona-ke 24-26 ° C kuyokwanela ukuthola amahlumela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14-15.
Ngokuqondene nesilinganiso selanga, kungcono ukwenza ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kwanoma yiziphi izithombo. Kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuhlwanyela kwesikhathi, isikhathi sokukhanya okungeziwe kungamaviki angu-3-4, kanti inzalo itshalwe ngesikhathi, amasonto amabili.
Imbewu emihle, ephakeme kakhulu iyisiqinisekiso samandla kanye nempilo yezithombo ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwalesi sihloko kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina.
Ukuze ususe yonke imbewu emibi, udinga yenza isisombululo salinengokufaka ilitha lamanzi elingu-30-40 g likasawoti. Kulesi sixazululo kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake yonke imbewu, uhlanganise futhi ushiye yedwa imizuzu engu-7-10.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe lezo zimbewu ezizovela, kanye nalabo asele phansi, okufanele bahlwanyelwe. Ukuze ungasebenzi ngokuhlwanyelwa kokutshala nokucutshungulwa kwe-fungus, imizuzu engu-10-15 emizimbeni ye-gauze ngenzalo kufanele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate.
Ngemuva kokungcoliswa kwemithi, imbewu ngqo emasakeni kumele ihlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi. Uma ukucubungula sekuphelile, zonke izinhlamvu kumele zandiswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zendwangu, okumele kube khona ngaphambili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kuzodinga ukufakwa endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa khona ku-25 ° C. Cishe ngesonto elizayo - imbewu emibili iyohluma, bese isetshenziselwa emhlabathini.
Kukhona uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinhle ezingeke zikudumaze ngezitshalo zazo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Bogatyr"
Phakathi nonyaka, izithelo zizobe sezikulungele ezinsukwini ezingu-125-160 emva kokuvela kwezithombo.
Yakhelwe ukutshala ezimweni zokushisa.
Izihlahla zinamandla kakhulu, zithola ukuphakama kwama-55-60 cm, zihluma.
Izithelo zinkulu kakhuluisilinganiso sika-150-160 g ngokulinganisa, sakhiwa njengesimo se-cone, esinezintambo kanye nezindonga ngobukhulu obuphakathi (5-5.5 mm).
Izithelo ezingapheli ziluhlaza, zivuthiwe - zibomvu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ne-verticillium wilt, i-vertex yokubola ne-mosaic.
I-pulp iqukethe inani elandayo le-ascorbic acid, ngakho izithelo zaleli pepper enenani elikhethekile kubantu.
Izithelo zizolalisa ukuthutha futhi zivuthwe kakhulu ensimini. Efanelekayo kokudla kokubili ifomu entsha futhi ecutshungulwayo.
I-Big Dad ehlukahlukene
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala.
Izimila zinomthelela kakhulu, hhayi ukuphinda.
Izithelo zinyama kakhulu, zinomzimba obukhulu, ziyi-cylindrical shape, zilinganisa u-90-100 g, umbala omnandi obomvu.
Lapho ukuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo kufika, le pepper inemibala enombala obomvu.
Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zizinzile, naphezu kokuthi zingatshalwa zombili zomhlaba ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Bugay"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, zibhekwa njengento engcono kunazo zonke phakathi kohlu lonke lwezinhlobo zepelepele ezinkulu.
Izimila zikhula zibe ngu-60 cm ukuphakama.
Izithelo zinkulu kakhulu, zilinganiselwa ku-0.5 kg, zinezindonga ezinamandla ka-1 cm, isimo se-cubic, umbala ophuzi oshonobha.
Ukunambitheka kwalezi pepper akungathathi hlangothi, kodwa lokhu imifino iphelele ekuhlanganiseni izitsha.
Izinhlobonhlobo "California isimangaliso"
I-pepper yokuqala ephakathi, izithelo ongazama ngazo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-73-75 emva kokutshala izithombo zibe phansi.
Izihlahla ziphakeme kakhulu, kufika ku-70-80 cm.
Izithelo zibomvu, zilinganiselwa ku-250 g, zikhuni-izicathulo ezinamafutha kuze kufike ku-7 - 8 mm ubukhulu.
Ijwayele kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngezinhlobo ze-pepper eSiberia
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Atlant"
Ibanga eliphakathi eliphakathi kwephepha eliqala ukuthela izithelo izinsuku ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-75 emva kokulahla izithombo.
Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwe-pepper zikhulu kakhulu, zibomvu, ziyi-18-20 cm ububanzi, 13-14 cm ububanzi, zinezindonga ezinamandla ezinamapulangwe angu-8-10 mm, ukunambitheka okumangalisa nje.
Izihlahla zalolu pepper nazo zikhulu, cishe ukuphakama okungaba ngu-70 kuya ku-75 cm, okuzoqala ukugxila endaweni evulekile nasemhlabathini wokushisa.
Ngesikhathi ushiya imbewu ukuba ivule, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa inhlabathi. Yiqiniso, ingathengwa, ikakhulukazi manje, lapho amashalofu ezitolo zezolimo egcwele amaphakheji ahlukene enhlabathi.
Kodwa uma ungathembeli abakhiqizi abanjalo, ungakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo inhlabathi yepelepele yakho. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke akukona ukukhokhelwa umhlaba ngokweqile, ukwenza kube lula.
Inguqulo ye-classic kakhulu ingxube ye-peat, i-humus ne-sod ezweni, lapho inani lezinto li-3: 2: 1. Esikhundleni sezwe le-sod, ungathatha indawo yehlathi. Uma uxuba lezi zithako, ebhakedeni nale nhlanganisela udinga ukwengeza esinye isihlabathi se-0.5 kg, izipuni ezintathu-4 zokhuni, 1 tsp we-urea, 1 tbsp. spoon superphosphate futhi uhlanganise konke kahle kakhulu.
Ukuze ususe i-disinfection inhlabathi enjalo, kufanele ithululelwe ngesisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate nge-concentration ye-substance engu-1%.
Njengeziqukathi zezithombo, ungasebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat, amakhasethi eplastiki, kanye nezinkomishi ezivamile noma amathreyi. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukuthululela umhlabathi olungiselelwe noma othengiwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha bese uhambelana nomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, izinga lomhlabathi kufanele libe ngu-2 cm ngaphansi kwesigcawu sesitsha. Imbewu eye yaguquka noma igxuma isidingo sokusabalalisa nge-forceps nge-softening ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5 kuya kwezingu-2 cm.
Uma usebenza namakhasethi, khona-ke esitokisini ngasinye udinga ukumba ngezinhlamvu ezingu-1. Okulandelayo, imbewu idinga ukulala ngendwangu yensimbi kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm bese icubungula kancane.
Ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ihlume, kungcono ukubeka lezi zitsha endaweni yokushisa noma esikhwameni seplastiki. Ngakho amanzi ngeke aguquke ngokushesha. Imbewu yokunisela kufanele iqaphele kakhulu, njengoba ingahlanzwa phezulu.
Okungcono kakhulu ukuphuza masonto onke ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, okwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi aqhubeki epanini lamabhodwe noma amathreyi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela lokhu.
Ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zivele, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe okungenani + 25 ° C. Lapho imbewu ihlume, izinga lokushisa lizodinga ukunciphisa ngo-15-17 ° C. Ikhono lembewu kumele lishintshe kwifasiteleni, ukuze ukukhanya kuwele ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izithombo.
Imithetho yokunakekela izithombo
- Khetha
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu
- Ukunisela
- Ukuzikhandla
Lapho izithombo sezivele zakha futhi zikhule ngamagqabi amabili weqiniso, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha, okungukuthi, ukutshala izitshalo.
Endabeni yepelepele, ukukhethwa akuhlosile kuphela ekwandiseni isikhala se-root system yezithombo, kodwa futhi ekuvimbeleni ukuvela kwezitshalo zokubola.
Izithombo ze-pepper zibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka udambise umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande. Kungcono ukutshala izimbiza ezincane, njengoba izimpande zepele zikhula kancane.
Ezingxenyeni ezincane, izimpande zizokwamukela ngokushesha igumbi lobumba, ngakho-ke umhlaba noma amanzi ngeke ahlasele. Izithombo zidinga ukuthatha amaqabunga, ukuze zingalimazi isiqu.
Ngomthamo ngamunye omkhulu, kubalulekile ukwenza umgodi, futhi ubukhulu obunjalo ukuze izimpande zezithombo zingaphenduli.
Intamo yempande ayikwazi ukujatshulwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yecentimitha emhlabathini, ngakho-ke udinga ukufafaza imbewu ngayinye ngenani elifanele lomhlaba, ukulihlanganisa kancane.
Emva kokukhetha, izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa, futhi ngokucophelela. Lapho amanzi ehlanganisiwe ngokugcwele, kuzokwazi ukuhlela kabusha e-windows sill, futhi kungcono ukunikeza umthunzi izithombo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuze kungabikho ukushisa emaqabunga.
Into eyinhloko ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ukuze lingabi ngaphansi + 15 ° C. Lapho ukuphela kukaMeyi kusondela, ama-saplings amaningi alawo amanye amasiko azovele adinga ukufakwa. Kulesi simo, isikhala efasiteleni sizoba ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, insimu ngayinye ye-pepper ingakwazi ukuphonswa emabhokisini alitha, ngomqondo wangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa kanye nomhlaba wokugcoba emhlabathini omdala, kodwa ngokungeziwe kwe-superphosphate kabili kanye nomuthi wokhuni.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ze-pepper "endaweni yokuhlala unomphela", kuzodingeka ukuthi ukondle izithombo okungenani izikhathi ezimbili.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala udinga ukwenza umanyolo amaviki amabili emva kokukhethwa, futhi okwesibili inqubo enjalo kuyodingeka kwenziwe 2 amasonto emva kokudla kokuqala.
Izitshalo kufanele zisetshenziswe ketshezi, ukuze zidlula kalula emhlabathini.
Namuhla, kunezinkinga eziningi zomanyolo ezakhelwe ngokukhethekile izithombo.
Yilokho ongakondla izithombo ze-pepper nazo.
Imodi yokunisela kuze kube yilapho izithombo nezithombo ezikhulile zingashintshi, okungukuthi, zonke izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezinhlanu kuya kwezinhlanu kuya ku-60 kuya kuleso naleso sembewu kuzodingeka ziphuze ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi kuzodingeka uliphuze empandeni ukuze umhlaba wonke ube nezimpande.
Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo ukuchelela, njengoba nje kumlimaza uhlelo lwempande lepelepele encane.
Izithombo ezinzima ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini zidingekile, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko ezizenzekelayo ezimweni zemvelo.
Cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufakelwa udinga ukuqala ukuze izitshalo zijwayele ukushona kwelanga, ukuqhuma umoya, ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukwenza lokhu, ungathatha amabhokisi wezithombo endaweni yokuvulwa noma uvule iwindi.
Kubalulekile kuleso simo ukuba ungabikholisa izithombo.
Lokhu kuzokwenzeka uma izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-15 ° C.
Futhi, akufanele sivumele ukwakheka kwezingqikithi, ezingase zilimaze izihlahla ezincane.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngepelepele ekhulayo endaweni yokushisa.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Uma amaqabunga kuqala eqala ukwakha izithombo, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngosuku lizoba ngaphakathi + 15 ... + 17 ° С, khona-ke kuyobe kwenzeka ukufakelwa izithombo phansi.
Ukuze uphepele, ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kubalulekile, okungukuthi, izwe akumele kube nzima kakhulu. Umhlabathi udinga ukumba ngaphakathi kahle ukuvumelanisa.
Phakathi kwezimbobo eziseduze kudingeka wenze isikhashana okungenani ama-50 cm, futhi phakathi kwemibhede eseduze - okungenani okungama-60 cm.
Emgodini ngamunye, okudingeka ugube ukuze intamo yempande ye-seedling ihlale phansi, udinga ukwengeza isipuni esingu-1 somanyolo obunzima nokuxuba. Khona-ke udinga ukususa ngokucophelela isithombo ngasinye esitsheni, futhi awukwazi ukuphula ubuqotho be-coma yomhlaba.
Izimpande zidinga ukubhapathizwa emithonjeni, uthele cishe ingxenye yesithathu yebhakede ngamanzi, futhi ngemuva kokumunca ngokuphelele amanzi, gcwalisa isikhala esisele salomthombo. Ngemuva kokuthi ulale ubhubhe ngamunye, umhlabathi ozungezile udinga ukumboza nge-mulch - peat.
Uma kunesidingo, ungafaka isondlo eduze kwamapulangwe bese ubopha izihlahla ezincane. Uma izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingaphansi kuka-13 ... + 14 ° С, khona-ke i-pepper encane kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga nezithombo ezikhulayo, i-pepper yaseBulgaria isalokhu ingenye yemifino ethandekayo kakhulu. Ungathenga ngokuphepha imbewu, ukhule izithombo bese ujabulela izithelo ezikhanyayo.
