I-pepper elimnandi yisitshalo esithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bemifino.
Futhi lokhu kuchazwe abaningi.
Iqukethe amavithamini amaningi namaminerali amaningi, inani lawo elidlula utamatisi nama-eggplant, futhi alinalo okulinganayo kokuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid.
I-Pepper izohlobisa noma yikuphi isidlo etafuleni lakho leholide, lizokunika ukunambitheka okucwengileko nephunga elimnandi.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula futhi sithole izithelo ezihlwabusayo kulula uma uhambisana nazo zonke izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical.
Izici ze-pepper elimnandi okudingeka ukwazi uma ulikhulayo
- I-Pepper ihlaselwe kabi yizinsuku zokushisa zasebusuku nasebusuku, kanye namaconsi omswakama.
- Ukutholakala ngokwanele kwesiko, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwemifino, kunomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni kwayo.
- Kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-pepper elimnandi. Ikhethelo elikhethile lokuzikhethela lakho lizoba yi-hybrid, njengoba likhiqiza kakhulu, likwazi ukumelana nezifo futhi lihle, ngisho nezithelo.
- Ukuhlakulela isiko elifanele kakhulu izindawo ezihlala phansi, zelanga, ezingenamoya.
- Kubalulekile ukulungiselela umhlabathi wepelepele ngemuva kokuvuna isitshalo sangaphambilini.
- Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi umanyolo nokuthi nini ukusebenzisa.
Izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathiokudinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze kungadabuki ekuvuneni:
- Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza komhlaba, uma indawo yomhlabathi i-loamy?
Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo: i-sawdust ebolile, i-peat noma umquba. Konke okungenhla kufanele kwenziwe ngamanani athile. Umquba udinga ibhakede elilodwa, i-peat ezimbili, i-sawdust nayo iyodwa.
- Yini okumele yenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza komhlaba, uma kuhlalwe inhlabathi yobumba?
Ukuze uthuthukise amazwe anjalo, kubalulekile ukuthatha isihlabathi sendiza enkulu kanye ne-sawdust efanayo ebolile, ngamunye kubo ebhakedeni, uhlanganise futhi ulethe enhlabathini.
- Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezwe uma kukhona inhlabathi ye-peat kusayithi?
Njengoba kunamazwe anjalo, kubalulekile ukungeza kuzo izinto ezinjengokuthi: i-sod nenhlabathi. Ngamunye wabo uthathwa ebhakedeni, exutshwe futhi efakwe enhlabathini.
- Yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza komhlaba, uma indawo ingumhlabathi onesihlabathi?
Lapho inhlabathi enjalo ingezwa izinto ezilandelayo: inhlabathi ye-peat noma yobumba, i-humus yenezelwa kubo ngamabhakede amabili kanye nebhakede elilodwa le-sawdust.
Kufanele ulungile kanjani wabeka isiteji for pepper sweet, sibhala zonke izinyathelo:
- Into yokuqala okumele ukwazi ukuthi izwe lokutshala izitshalo liqala ukulungiswa masinyane emva kokuvuna isitshalo salowo owandulelayo, okungukuthi, ekwindla. Okufanelekile yilo: iklabishi, ikhukhamba.
- Esikhathini sekwindla yokulungiselela inhlabathi, umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziswa kanye namaminerali amaminerali. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulimaza noma ukulima okungajulile kwenhlabathi.
- Kodwa uma kungazelelwe kwenzeka ukuthi awuzange ubeke umanyolo ezweni ekuwa, kungenziwa entwasahlobo. Ngendlela efanayo kanye nomanyolo ofanayo.
- Ngemuva kokwenza wonke umquba okudingekayo, bahlaba umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele wenze ngokushesha imibhede lapho isiko siyokhula khona. Ukuphakama, okumelwe kube ngu-25-30 cm.
- Futhi into yokugcina eyenziwe, lezi zibhebhe ezenziwe ngomumo ziphuziswa ngekhambi elilungiselelwe emanzini ebhakede elilodwa kanye no-0.5 amalitha we-mullein.
Emva kwemisebenzi yokulungiselela umhlaba, ingasetshenziswa ukutshala i-pepper.
Izinhlobo nezinhlamvu ze-pepper elimnandi, ongazama ukutshala kusayithi lakho: "Agapovsky", "Atlant", "Barguzin", "Alyosha Popovich", "Bogatyr", "Bonus", "Victoria", "Vitamin", " Isipho seCaspian, i-Dobrynya, i-Yellow Bouquet, Isimangaliso Esihlaza, i-Ilya Muromets, i-California Miracle, i-Bell, i-Cornet, iphayona, Isipho saseMoldova nabanye abaningi.
Uma ukhetha noma yikuphi kubo, kufanele uzikhethele ukuthi yini oyisebenzisela yona i-pepper.
Ukutshala izithombo kungakhula emithathu izimo, futhi ngokufushane ngabo:
- Izimo zegumbi. Izithombo ezinjalo zingcono kakhulu ezifakwe kumafasitela noma emabhaleni, uma kungekho ukukhanya okwanele, khona-ke ungakwazi futhi ukukhanyisa ngokucacile. Amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela kufanele axazululwe amahora ambalwa. Igumbi lokudla lokudla izitshalo kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho amaqabunga, futhi okwesibili amaviki amabili emva kokudla kokuqala.
- Kuzo zokugcina izithombo. Ukuze uthole izithombo eziphezulu zekhwalithi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-biofuels, okungukuthi, umquba oshisayo. Izithombo ezinjalo zingakhula kanye ngaphandle kokukhetha. Inketho engcono kakhulu yezitshalo ezikhulayo kuyoba ukuyikhuphula emiphakathini, efakwe ngaphansi komthombo wokushisa nokuphuza. Yondla izithombo zidinga okungenani izikhathi ezimbili.
- Kuzo zokugcina izithombo. Izithombo ezikhulayo ezitsheni zokushisa zilula kunezitshalo zokushisa. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, izithombo ezikhulayo ezimbizeni zingenziwa ngaphandle komgwaqo ukuze zenze inqubo enzima. Esikhathini sokushisa, izithombo zondliwa ngamaminerali amaminerali kanye noma kabili.
Izici zokutshala isiko
Njengoba iphepele elimnandi libhekwa ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ende ekhulayo, indlela efanele yokutshala izobe isetshenziswe.
Uma ukutshala izithombo kudingeka ucabange ibanga phakathi kwabo. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kungaba ngu-45-55 cm.
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala izithombo kuyoba izinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi noma iminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Njengoba kuzobe sekukhona ukuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi ama-frosts entwasahlobo ngeke afike, futhi isiko ngeke sishaye. Isikhathi esiphezulu sosuku senqubo enjalo kungaba yisikhathi sakusihlwa, futhi ungagcizelela nosuku oluthile. Ngakho-ke, isiko sithuthukisa kangcono izimo ezintsha futhi silimale kancane.
Ntambama, akunakwenzeka ukutshala izithombo nhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukulungisa ama-dimples amancane ngokujula okungaphezulu kuka-50 cm. Faka umlotha omncane kanye ne-humus phansi komgodi, bese usetha izithombo bese umboza umgodi.
Ukuze kulungiswe ngokushesha isitshalo ngezimo ezintsha, badinga ukumboza ngefilimu noma ezinye izinto. Ngemuva kokuba isiko sithande futhi sithole impande emhlabathini, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwesitshalo, kuzobukeka kungenasici futhi kungabonakali kahle, ngisho noma ukuphuza kaningi, kodwa akufanele ukhathazeke, lokhu kuyinto evamile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, isiko sizovuselela futhi siqale sikhule ngokushesha. Ukuze izithombo zibe ngcono, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi wansuku zonke.
Uma utshala isitshalo, ngokushesha udinga ukufaka izikhonkwane, ukuze ungalimazi kamuva. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe isiko esikhathini esizayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwayo okujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa.
Inendima ebalulekile empilweni yenkambiso idlala ngokufaka isitshalo. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla esinamandla nesibindi, kudingeka ukwenze phezulu. Le nqubo yenziwa lapho lesi sitshalo sesifinyelele okungenani ngamasentimitha angu-30 ukuphakama.
Uma unquma ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana zepelepele. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu endaweni eqondile kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvotela kwezitshalo phakathi kwezitshalo kungenzeka, okungeke kuthinte kakhulu ukunambitheka kwepelepele esikhathini esizayo.
Yini okumelwe ibonwe lapho ihambisa ubhontshisi obumnandi?
Kunezifo eziningi nezinambuzane ezingalimaza isitshalo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ekulweni nabo kungasiza zombili izindlela zokwelapha nezindleko ezithengiswa emakethe.
Amasiko omakhelwane angaphinde avikele omakhelwane bawo. Ukuze i-prophylaxis, izitshalo zinganisela ngesisombululo njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kodwa into esemqoka akumele ikwazi ukudlula.
Kumele uqaphele ukuchelela okwesikhashana kwesitshalo, ukuyihlanganisa ngokuphuza ngokweqile, ukusiphula nokukhipha ukhula, kanye nokwethula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo zokukhulelwa ukuze uthole intuthuko engcono.
Ukuphuza isiko kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba i-hydration efanele, lesi sitshalo sizokhula kahle futhi sikhule. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale i-hydrated njalo. Kodwa kumele ihlolwe futhi imiswe uma kukhona ukuchelela okuningi kufanele kukhishwe, futhi uma kungenjalo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuphuza isiko.
Kungcono ukucwilisa inhlabathi ekuseni, ngobusika obubandayo. Futhi uma kungenjalo, ukuchelela kuyashintsha phakathi nosuku. Ukushisa kwamanzi akufanele kubanda, ukuze kungalimazi isitshalo. Ngaphambi kokunisela, kudingeke ukuba kukhishwe kancane kancane inhlabathi; lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugweme ukubunjwa kwamagxolo okuzungeza isivuno.
Yondla ukutshala isidingo ngezigaba eziningana:
- Isigaba sokuqala kufanele senziwe ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ukutshala isivuno endaweni evulekile. Kulo mcimbi, udinga ukulungisa isisombululo esikhethekile esakhiwa urea, superphosphate namanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zakhi, zixutshwe kahle futhi zithelelwa ku-1 litre ngesihlahla ngasinye.
- Isigaba sesibili kufanele senziwe ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwesitshalo. Kulo mcimbi udinga ukulungisa ikhambi elilandelayo elihlanganisa i-urea, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate namanzi. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe futhi zilethwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
- Isigaba sesithathu kumele senziwe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezithelo zokuqala. Kulo mcimbi udinga ukulungisa isixazululo esilandelayo, esenziwe ngosawoti we-potassium, amanzi kanye ne-superphosphate. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe futhi zichithelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye ngamanani amabili.
Ukuze ukhulule phansi ngaphansi kwesitshalo esitshalwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha okukhulu. Izitshalo zezimpande ze-pepper eziseduze ziseduze. Ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zepelepele, ukukhululeka kuyenzeka ukuze kungabi nokujula okukhulu.
Izithelo zomasiko zingasuswa zingakhuli futhi zivuthiwe. Kodwa lapho ususeka, ungathola isivuno esikhulu.
