Ukwandisa i-cauliflower emasimini asekhaya akuthandwa kakhulu njengoba iklabishi evamile evamile. Isizathu salesi simo ngokwezinga elikhulu ukungabi nolwazi lwabalimi mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukwandisa iklabishi ezinjalo ngezimo ezipholile, nokungafuni ukukhohlisa ngezitshalo ezingaziwa.
Ngempela, i-cauliflower idinga ukunakekelwa, kodwa-ke, ngokuziqaphela okukhulu, ikwazi ukunikeza inamba enkulu kakhulu yezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene.
Yingakho sanquma kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthi sikukwazi ngezici zayo futhi sikufundise ukuthi sikhule engadini yakho.
Akufanele kunganakwa futhi ukuthi kufaneleka ukunakekelwa kanjani ukuze kuzuzwe isivuno esiphezulu.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala ukholifulawa: zijwayele izici zesitshalo, izinhlobo zayo bese ulungisa inhlabathi nembewu
Ngokuqondene ne-cauliflower, kufanele uqaphele izakhiwo zayo eziwusizo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe yi-gastroenterologists, ukudla i-cauliflower kungcono kakhulu kubonakala emisebenzini yechungechunge lwamathumbu, ngoba liqukethe izakhi eziningi kakhulu kunamaprotheni, futhi akuholeli ekuqhumeni kwesisu.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abahlukunyezwa yi-gastritis, izilonda kanye ne-reflux. Wonke la maqiniso aphinde aqinisekise isidingo sokukhula imifino enenani eliyigugu futhi elihlwabusayo engadini yazo.
Izici zokulima ukholifulawa engadini yabo siqu
Izimo ze-cauliflower ye-agrotechnical zidinga ukwedlula iklabishi elimhlophe, ngoba idinga ukukhanya okukhulu nokushisa, futhi inesisindo sezinto ezibuthakathaka.
Ngokuyinhloko, izimo zokushisa zokukhuphula iklabishi elinjalo kufanele zibe phakathi kuka-+15 no + 18ºС, kusukela emazingeni okushisa aphansi amakhanda akha ifane kakhulu, alahlekelwa yizimfanelo zawo.
Uma izithombo zigwaza, khona-ke emhlabathini ovulekile isitshalo uyakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa ngisho nase -5 ºСkodwa namanje ingozi kuye ihlala iphakeme kakhulu.
Futhi, ingozi yamaqabunga amaqabunga amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ahlangene nomswakama ophezulu. Ngisho no-25ºС, izinhloko zesitshalo zingahle zikhule, futhi zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo zekholifulawa kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile nezelanga. Nakuba ukuvikeleka emoyeni kubalulekile, kodwa uma kuthunjwa (noma ukutshala okunamandla kakhulu), izithombo zalolu hlobo iklabishi ziyokwelula futhi zikwazi ukumelana nezifo.
Esinye isici ukuthi ngokukhanya kwemini ende, amakhanda, nakuba akhiwa ngokushesha kakhulu, kodwa ama-inflorescences awo nawo ahlukana zibe izingxenye ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifushane sokukhanyisa, ikhanda lizobunjwa kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nqubo izobe ibambezelekile ngesikhathi.
Okudinga lolu hlobo iklabishi kanye nezici zenhlabathi. Ngokuyinhloko, kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo emhlabathini okhanyayo ocebile ama-humus futhi nge-acidity neutral. Ate ukusabela acid kakhulu high, kusukela ukuwa inhlabathi kufanelekile ukukhiqiza.
Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ama-fertilizer (ama-organic and mineral) azodingeka afakwe enhlabathini futhi ngokuzimela, ngokushesha lapho kufika isikhathi sehlobo.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi kanye nemibhede: yini ama-cauliflower adinga?
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-cauliflower idinga inani elikhulu lezakhi, ngaphandle kokuthi ukukhula kwalo ngeke kwenzeke. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, okungukuthi, ukuwumba, i-humus ifakwa ngokushesha kuwo.
Ku-1m2 ungenza amabhakede amabili. Kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-nitrophoska, cishe amapuni wezipuni ezimbili endaweni efanayo. Ukwenza imibhede enkulu kakhulu akufanelekile, ngoba kungabangela ukukhuphuka komswakama. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nemibhede emincane kakhulu, uhlelo oluyisibuthakathaka oluyisibhakabhaka lwekholifulawa lungase lunganele.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-cauliflower inhlanganisela isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okulinganayo kwenhlabathi engadini, i-peat ne-humus enzima. Ngokulondoloza umswakama ovamile enhlabathini enjalo, izithombo zizovela ngokushesha kakhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cauliflower kanye no-oh umehluko: kafushane mayelana nodume kakhulu
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zekholifulawa, kanye neklabishi omhlophe, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu, izinhlobo esizokubiza ngazo. Umehluko phakathi kokuvuthwa kweqembu ngalinye aliyona izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-14.
- Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zakuqala, izinhloko zazo ezivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-85-100 ngemva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuqoqwa kwembewu ukuqhubekiswa phambili kweklabishi kwenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-170 kuya ku-205 kuphela.
Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu kuleli qembu ziyi-"Guarantee", "I-Gribovskaya 1355 yokuqala", "Movir 44". Izinhlamvu ze-cauliflower zakuqala ezikhiqizayo kakhulu ziyi "Snowball F1", "Baldo F1", "Alabaster F1". Kodwa, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi imifino ifuna ukuhamba, nakuba iveza izithelo kangcono.
- I-solifulawa yasemkhatsini weminyaka iboniswa yizinhlobo ezifana ne "Parisian", "Ondine", "Patriotic", "Dachnitsa".
Okuhle kakhulu nama-hybrid akhiphe iklabishi "Classic F1" ne "Chambord F1". Amakhanda alowo iklabishi ngokuvamile akhiwa kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu-120-130 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu. Imbewu ifinyelela ekuvuthweni emva kwezinsuku ezingama-205 noma ngaphezulu.
- Izinhlobo zekholifulawa ezivuthiwe emva kwesikhathi zikhona futhi zikhona kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kubonakale ngokushesha ukuthi ukulima kwabo kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Ukraine naseRussia, ngaphandle kwalokho bayonikeza isivuno esibi kakhulu noma bangakushiya ngaphandle kwakho.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuvuthwa kweklabishi eledlule kwenzeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-130 emva kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo. Futhi imbewu ivuthwe ngisho nangaphezulu - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-220.
I-cauliflower yaleli qembu iboniswe ikakhulukazi ngama-hybrids, phakathi kwalapho iCortes F1, i-Skywalker F1 ne-Fortrose F1 kufanele ibonwe. Zonke zazikhiqizwa ngaphandle, kodwa ngezimo ezifudumele zinikeza imiphumela emihle kithi.
Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiqembu, ukuphepha kokholifulawa akukwandisi nhlobo, njengoba kwenzeka ngeklabishi omhlophe. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa eziphakathi zivame ukukhiqiza kakhulu.
Imbewu kawolifulawa kanye nokulungiselela kwabo kokutshala
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-cauliflower yokuhlwanyela ukutshala okuqhubekayo kwezithombo kwenziwa kanje:
- Okokuqala, ukucacisa ikhono lokuhluma yonke imbewu, kutuswa ukuthatha izicucu ezingaba ngu-10 bese uzama ukuhluma ngezicubu ezimanzi ngokugcina ukushisa njalo. Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 lembewu ingaqhumeki, ukulungiswa kokutshala konke kungagwenywa.
- Ukwandisa ukuzinza, imbewu idinga ukugoba imizuzu engu-10-15 emanzini ashisayo (izinga lokushisa kwamanzi aliphakeme kune-50 ºС). Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokushesha bahlile emanzini abandayo.
- Emini, imbewu kumele ibanjwe isisombululo sezakhi, esilungiswa kusuka kunoma yikuphi umquba wamaminerali (ungasebenzisa i-nitrophoska, kodwa ngobuncane).
- Ngemuva kokukhipha imbewu kusixazululo, kuzomele zihlanjululwe, zome kancane futhi zithunyelwe endaweni epholile, ngezinga lokushisa lika-1-2 ºС. Kubalulekile ukuqina kwezinhlamvu, kusiza kakhulu ukwandisa ukuphikisa kwabo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ngemuva kwezinqubo ezinjalo, imbewu ikulungele ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini. Akufanele uzihlwanyele emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba ezimweni zesimo sezulu sase-Ukraine naseRussia, ukholifulawa utshalwe kuphela ngosizo lwezithombo.
Isikhathi sesikhathi sokutshala ukholifulawa: incazelo eningiliziwe yezici zenqubo
Sizokwazisa ngezigaba ezimbili zokutshala ukholifulawa: ukuhlwanyela imbewu nokutshala ngokuqondile kwezithombo endaweni evulekile. Ngaphandle kokucabangela imiyalo eyinhloko, uzofaka ingozi kakhulu, ngoba ukushintshashintsha kwekholifulawa akukona kakhulu.
Njengoba ulahlekelwe isikhathi esincane ngezinsuku zokutshala noma ukwandisa ukutshala kwakho, ungakhohlwa ngokuvuna okugcwele.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokulimala iklabishi yasePeking
Imigomo yokutshala ukholifulawa: yini okufanele ucabange?
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-cauliflower kungaqaliswa kakade kusukela ngo-Mashi 5-10. Izinhlobo zakuqala zingahlwanyelwa ngalesi sikhathi. Imbewu kamuva ihlwanyelwa esifundeni sikaMatshi 10-20.
Ngo-Ephreli, bayakwazi hlwayela phansi emhlabathini, kodwa qiniseka ukumboza ifilimu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, khumbula ukuthi imbewu yekholifulawa ihluma ekushiseni okungekho ngaphansi kuka 2-5 ºС.
Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ithunyelwe phansi, igcinwa ekushiseni kwe-20-25 ºС, futhi emva kokuhluma - isonto eligcinwe ku-+10 ºС. Esikhathini esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli izinga lokushisa libe ngaphezu kwama-20 ºС, okungabangela ukuqala kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwamakhanda.
Ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu emva kokuhluma, ukukhethwa kungenziwa, kodwa ukuze kungathinti ukukhula kwezithombo, izinga lokushisa lingadluliselwa ku-+21 ºС izinsuku ezingu-1-2, bese lihlehliselwa ku -17 ºС.
Ukuhlwanyela ukholifulawa akunconywa ngosuku olulodwa, kodwa ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Lokhu kuzovumela isikhathi esincane ukuba sithule ukuvunwa kwesivuno saso, ukuze ukwazi ukugcoba amakhanda amaqabunga amasha okuvuthwa kuphela isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala izithombo zekholifulawa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izinhlobo zakuqala zitshalwe ezinsukwini zokuqala, futhi kusukela ngo-10-20 kungenzeka ukuba uqale ukutshala izinhlobo kamuva. Kodwa, ukugijimela ngokweqile ukutshala izithombo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ikhalenda ingomhla ka-Meyi 15, futhi kuphela +15 ºС emgwaqeni - kungcono ukuyeka futhi ushiye izithombo endlini noma ngaphansi kwefilimu.
Uma uhlwanyela emakhazeni, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kakhulu emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 lesi sitshalo singaqala umcibisholo ngembewu, ngaphandle kokuqala ikhanda eligcwele.
Ukuxoxa ngesimiso sokutshala iklabishi izithombo
Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yekholifulawa, badinga ukuhlwanyelwa emigqeni. Ekuqaleni, ekude kwamamentimitha angu-3 komunye nomunye, kunezibaya ezingenalutho. Kudingeka basakaze imbewu yeklabishi, beshiya phakathi kwabo ibanga elingamamentimitha amabili.
Ukuze imbewu inganamatheli ezandleni, kufanele imile kancane. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, imifantu igcwele inhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe kancane. Lapho kugcinwa izinga lokushisa elichaziwe ngenhla, amahlumela azovela phezu kwenhlabathi ngesonto. Ngokukhula okunamandla kwezithombo kufanele kube mncane noma kufakwe emabhokisini abe yizinkomishi ezihlukene.
Uma utshala izithombo zeklabishi, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kumele likhuliswe ukuze lingaphazanyane futhi linemithi eyanele.
Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokutshala izithombo zekholifulawa ngamamitha angu-25 phakathi kwezitshalo emgqeni owodwa namasentimitha angu-50 esikhaleni phakathi kwemigqa. Noma kunjalo, uhlelo olunjalo luyisilinganiso kubo bonke amaqembu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-cauliflower, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo ezimbili kufanele lenziwe lifanele ubukhulu bezinhloko zabo ngesikhathi sokuguga.
Ukunakekela ukholifulawa, okuzokunikeza ukuvuna okungu-100% - imithetho esemqoka nemikhombandlela
Ukukhula ezimweni ze-caulifulawa ephakathi nendawo kulungiswa kahle. Kodwa-ke, kunokwenzeka ukuthi kusindiswe lesi simo ngokunakekelwa njalo kanye nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, okuyinto ekwazi ukuhlinzekela kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu, ongenalo ulwazi oluningi.
Ukholifulawa izinambuzane nezifo: kanjani ukuvimbela nokulwa?
Kunezinambuzane eziningi nezifo zekholifulawa. Phakathi kwazo, okuvame kakhulu yi-peronosporosis, umlenze omnyama, iklabishi fly, izinkathazo ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-slugs, kanye ne-klabbage scoop ne-whitefish.
Noma kunjalo, inzuzo enkulu iklabishi ukuthi ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthi ulwe nezinambuzane nezifo zayo ngosizo lwamakhambi abantu: izitshalo ezinothuli ngamapulangwe noma ugwayi.
Futhi, ungalungisa isisombululo esikhethekile sokusifafaza ngeziqu zezitamatisi, i-burdocks kanye ne-anyanisi ikhasi. Konke lokhu kuphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene nezinambuzane kanye nezikhwama. Futhi, kungenzeka ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinjalo ngokuqoqa izimpungushe namaqanda abekayo.
Ukubhekana nezifo kunzima kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha inhlabathi ehlanzekile, lapho kungekho khona khona izifo zezitshalo zangaphambilini. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izifo ezinjalo sezivele zivele, kuzosebenza kahle kakhulu ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile okwenqabela izitshalo.
Ukunisela imibhede ye-cauliflower: yikuphi ukujwayela nomthamo wamanzi okudingekayo?
Imibhede ye-olifulawa kufanele ihlale iswakanyisiwe, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile. Masinyane emva kokutshala, izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula kufanele ziphuze izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, besebenzisa okungenani amalitha ayisithupha kuya kwangu-6 ngamanzi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lamanzi elisetshenziselwa ukuchelela okunye emhlabathini landa ngama-2-3 amalitha, kepha ukuchelela ngokwayo kufanele kuqalwe ukwenza okungavamile - kanye kuphela ngesonto.
Ukunisela njalo kudinga ukugxila ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Uma imvula ihlala njalo futhi inhlabathi isuke ifakwe kahle, ungenza ngaphandle kokungeziwe kwesicelo somswakama, kodwa ngokusomisa okunamandla, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe nakakhulu njalo futhi kuningi.
Ukuze umswakama ungashintshi kakhulu kusuka ezitshalweni, kunconywa ukumboza amakhanda ngamaqabunga aphezulu. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngamasentimitha angama-8, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-crust ebusweni bayo.
Ukutshala izitshalo kanye nomanyolo womhlabathi nge-cauliflower
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweklabishi kuvame ukuqhutshwa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile. Okokuqala kufanele kwenziwe kakade ngosuku lwama-20 emva kokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela.
Kungcono kakhulu kule nkinga kusuka ku-mullein. Ikakhulukazi, ama-0.5 amalitha omanyolo kufanele ahlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi futhi isitshalo ngasinye kufanele siphuze, sichithe 0.5 amalitha esisombululo.
Ukondliwa okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Inqubo yonke iyahlala efana, kuphela kwisisombululo kufanelekile ukwengeza isipuni se-crystal stalin futhi besebenzisa cishe ilitha elilodwa lomanyolo ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Okunye ukudla kungenziwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, besebenzisa isisombululo sama-10 amalitha amanzi kanye nezipuni ezimbili ze-nitrophobia. Lesi sikhathi esingama-6-8 amalitha omanyolo uzosetshenziswa endaweni engama-1m2.
Indlela yokuqhuba kahle ukuqina kwezithombo futhi kungani?
Ukuqina kocauliflower kuqhutshwa esiteji sesithombo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana kwezitshalo kumazinga aphansi okushisa nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngalokhu, izinsuku ezingu-12-14 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, amabhokisi analo akhishwa emgwaqweni ukuze kube semini (uma isimo sezulu sivuma).
Uma iklabishi ikhule ngaphansi kwefilimu, kufanele futhi ikhuliswe okwesikhashana.
Izitshalo zekholifulawa kanye nezici zabo zokuqoqa
Ukuhlanza kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezinhloko zokuvuthwa.
Esiklasini ngasinye, la magama azohluka, kodwa ngokuvamile ikholifulawa izithelo zivuthiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Kumelwe uthathwe ngommese obukhali, ngenkathi ushiya amaqabunga ambalwa.
Ungagcina isethulo seklabishi ngezinyanga ezingu-2-3 uma uzigcina emabhokisini agcwele amapulasitiki emakamelweni anezinga lokushisa lika-0 ° C nomswakama we-90-95%.
