Lapho utamatisi wokuqala ebonakala eRussia ekhulwini le-18, akekho owayengacabanga ukuthi babeyoba ethandwa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mifino ayikhulekanga kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele, kodwa ngisho nasemapulatifomu e-Arctic Ocean.
Yini okumele ikhulume ngokukhula kwalesi sitshalo esifundeni esifana neSiberia.
Ababelethi benza umsebenzi omningi ekuzaliseni izinhlobonhlobo ze-frost ezingenakuzenzela nokungazitholi ukukhanya kwelanga ezizovumelanisa kahle nesimo sezulu esingekho esimweni saseSiberia.
Abalimi be-Altai bazama ngokukhethekile kule ndaba.
Yizinhlobonhlobo ezazithenga ezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi be-amateur.
Incazelo grade "Nastya"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kungokwezinhlobo zakuqala zokuvuthwa.
Wazibonakalisa kahle ezimweni zesifunda saseSiberia, njengoba enesithombo esincane, kunalokho engathobeki isimo sezulu.
Isihlahla esincane, elishisayo, ayidingi ukuphina okungeziwe. Izithelo zivuthwe cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa emavikini angu-2-2.5. Iningi lazo lizungezile, lihlukaniswe kancane, lilinganiselwa ku-150-200 amagremu.
Leli banga ayithintekile ukulimala okwesikhashanaNgakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa abalimi hhayi kuphela ukutshala endaweni yokushisa, kepha futhi ezindaweni ezivulekile. Abamakhosikazi abathandekayo utamatisi enomzimba kakhulu. Izithelo eziqinile zizogcina ukunambitheka kwazo okumnandi kokubili futhi okufakwe emanzini.
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele kwenziwe ngo-Mashi enhlabathini enomhlanjesi. Izithombo zidinga umquba ne-peat, okuzosheshisa ukuhluma kwezithombo. izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kuzoba yi-25 - 26 ° C.
Izithombo zidinga ukumboza impahla yefilimu. Izinketho zenziwa ngokubonakala kwe-1 - 2 yalezi shidi. Etshalwe emhlabathini udinga izinsalela ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuya kwezi-65, uma sekukhona amahlamvu angu-6 kuya kwangu-7 emahlumela. Kudingeka ukutshala emhlabathini ngoMeyi ngokwesiko elijwayelekile (40 x 50-50 cm).
Njengoba ingakwazi ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwezimo zezulu, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo buvamile. Ukunisela okulinganiselwe emmpandeni, ukupha njalo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomhlabathi ompofu.
Asikho isidingo sokuba pasynkovka. Izihlahla zingahlanganiswa ne-trellis ukuze kube lula ukuvuna futhi kususe ukhula. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngotshani noma utshani ukuze izimpande zingabi ziqhumane nesimo sezulu esinzima saseSiberia.
Ukulimala okusabalalisa akulimazanga, kodwa ukupompela kokuvimbela nge-fungicides elinezethusi akulimazi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Zyryanka"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubizwa ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyihlwanyela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene.
Naphezu kwalokhu, kulungiswe ngokuphelele abafuyi bezinguquko zokushisa.
Lesi sitshalo sinquma, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-70-75 cm. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla akudingeki ukuba zibophe futhi zifake.
Ukuvuthwa kwezivame kuvame ukuqala ngosuku lwangama-95 ngemuva kokuvela kwesitshalo. Isithelo ngokwawo sincane, kuze kufike ku-60-80 g, isimo se-plong esine-plum, surface flat.
Isivuno sikhulu kakhulu. (kufika ku-18 kg / sq.m). Kumele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo zamatamatisi ezijwayelekile, ezifana nokubola kwe-apical, indawo ye-bacterial spotting, i-septoriosis. Utamatisi unekhwalithi ephakeme yokugcina.
Kugcinwe ngokuphelele ekamelweni elimnandi, elimnyama. Abesifazane besifazane ikakhulukazi bathanda ukulondoloza lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngoba izithelo zincane futhi aziqedi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Futhi, ezihlukahlukene ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi ziyisithako esihle kakhulu ku-ketchup noma i-sauce ngenxa yobuningi bayo.
Izithombo zokuhlwanyela kudingeka zenziwe ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Inqubo yezithombo ezikhulayo ezijwayelekile. Khetha ezinkampanini zesigaba 2.
Kungcono ukukhula ezigulini ze-peat, ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande ngokudonsa ngaphandle kwezimbiza. Kungcono ukudlulisela emhlabathini kwisigaba 8 sephepha. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyi-determinant, ngakho-ke isihlahla ngasinye sidinga isikhala esiningi. Uhlelo lokutshala alufani nolwejwayelekile (60x60 - 70 cm).
Izinhlobonhlobo zithobekile kakhulu, njengoba zakhethwa ngokukhethekile ekutshalweni ensimini evulekile. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokulinganisela. Uma uqinisa kancane ngale nqubo, izihlahla ezivame ukwenzeka ngokuswela umswakama. Ukunciphisa okudingekayo. Awukwazi ukuhlambalaza, njengoba izithelo zincane. UGarter ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe kuphela. Ukwelashwa kwamahlathi kanye namalungiselelo okulwa ne-phytophthora kuyisibopho, futhi kungcono ukuphamza okungaphezu kwesisodwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Inhliziyo kaBull"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi azizithobeki kakhulu ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Mid-season, engapheliyo.
Izithelo zokuqala zikhulu kakhulu, isisindo saso sifinyelela kuma-gramu angu-500, kanti amanye 700-800 g.
Isivuno esilandelayo singaphansi kancane.
Utamatisi anesimo se-oval, ukubukeka kwawo kufana kakhulu nenhliziyo, ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, banegama labo. Ukuphakama kwehlathi kufinyelela ku-150-170 cm, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bezithelo ungamncoma ukuba abophe, ngoba bangawa futhi bangavuthwa.
Utamatisi awulungele ukugaya emitsheni, kepha ukunambitheka kwawo akusho ukuwohloka uma kusenqeni inentamo enkulu. Banezinhlobo ezincane zembewu, izinyamazane namanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba yinto enhle kakhulu eluhlaza okwakhiwa kwejusi, i-ketchup, amasoso noma ezinye zokugqoka. Ziphunga emasaladi. Ngakho-ke, ngamunye wesimanje kufanele abe esitokisini sakhe ezimbalwa zezihlahla zalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene.
Izinhlamvu zamabhukhimakhi zidinga ukukhiqiza ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi. Izidingo zokuphonswa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo kuyadingeka ukuzondla. Kungenzeka ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi, nasendlini yokushisa evuthayo - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uhlelo lokufika - 40x50 cm. Ku-1 sq.m. ingahlala izithombo ezingaba ngu-4.
Kungcono ukuphuza kusihlwa, bese ugibela ngokushesha ukuze umswakama uhlale isikhathi eside emhlabathini. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhamba ngezinyawo, uma kungenjalo izihlahla zihamba ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo. Ungashiya ingane eyodwa yokutholwa ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu.
Futhi ihloselwe ukuba yizicucu kanye namaqabunga phansi kwesitshalo. Umthwalo omuhle ehlathini ngeke ube ngaphezu kuka-8 amabhulashi nama-utamatisi. Kuyo yonke isikhathi sokukhula, kubalulekile ukuqhuba izithako ezimbili - 3 ukuze utamatisi ukhule ube mkhulu futhi ujabule. Imithi yokwelashwa efiselekayo ngokumelene phytophthora.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ovulekile.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ukunqwabelana kweBarnaul"
Lokhu kuyincwajana encane, evuthiwe ekuqaleni, evunyiwe eyakhiwe ukulondolozwa futhi yamukele igama elinjalo.
Ikhulile kokubili ezimweni zokushisa kanye nasemhlabathini ojwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-95-105 kusukela ngesikhathi amahlumela okuqala avela.
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuphansi, kufika ku-35 cm, ngakho-ke ngeke ukwazi ukubopha. Ukungafani kwalezi zihlukahlukene ukuthi cishe zonke izithelo zivuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, okungekho abesimamekazi abangakwazi kodwa kodwa bathanda. Esigwini ngokuvamile kuvuna izithelo ezingu-5-10, zincane, kufika ku-30-50 g, umbala obomvu-orange, ukuma kwe-spherical.
Inzuzo yalezi ezihlukahlukene yilokho zonke izithelo zilingana nobukhulu obufanayo futhi ubukeka kahle kakhulu ku-can. Ukungafani okungafaniyo okungathinteki yizifo kanye nezifo. Ukunambitheka kuyaneliseka, kumnandi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvame ukusetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela abalimi be-amateur, kodwa futhi ngamapulazi amakhulu.
Izitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ubudala bezithombo uma utshala kufanele kube okungenani izinsuku ezingu-50 kuya kwezingu-60. Izimo zezitshalo ezikhulayo zijwayelekile. Uhlelo lokutshala alulutho, izitshalo ezingu-5 endaweni ngayinye.
Kudingeka ukuchelela njalo ngamanzi afudumele. Kuyaqinisekile udinga ukudubula izihlahla. Izitshalo zizophendula ngokucophelela ngokufaka umanyolo ngezimboni ezihlukahlukene zemanyolo. Ukuze imbewu ikhuphuke masinyane, ungasebenzisa abagqugquzeli bokukhula abahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Gina"
Le ezihlukahlukene utamatisi kuyinto deterministic, ephakathi amagatsha, ukuphakama amahlathi kuyinto 40-60 cm.
Izithelo ziyindilinga, zikhishwe kancane, zikhulu kakhulu, ezinye zifinyelela amagremu angu-300, ngakho akudingi i-garter eyengeziwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zazifakwe esikhathini esiseduze, ngakho-ke akukatholakali kakhulu phakathi kwabathandwayo.
Kodwa ochwepheshe baveza iningi lezinzuzo zalo. Phakathi kwabo kufanele kuqashelwe ukumelana ne-fusarium, i-verticillous wilt, isivuno esihle, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezomile ku-utamatisi.
Izithelo ziyinyama, hhayi amanzi, ngakho zigcinwa isikhathi eside ekamelweni lokungena endlini.
Isivuno sokuqala singatholakala kakade izinsuku ezingu-120 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. Izithelo ze "Gina" zihle futhi zisekuqaleni, kepha zifanele ukupheka, futhi zigcinwe isikhathi eside.
Qiniseka ukuthi ukhula izithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini akunakwenzeka. Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela sincike ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ayikho amaqhwa. Ukutshala ubungani, isilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-4 nge-1 sq. M.
Kudingeka amanzi amaningi afudumele njalo. Kunconywa ukuba umeluleki bese ukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela. Izitshalo azidingi i-garter, kodwa kumele zinyathelwe ukuze utamatisi awuncane futhi awunambitheki. Zonke ezinye izinqubo zivamile.
Hlunga "ukuhamba"
Lesi yisitshalo esivamile esikhula kahle futhi sinamagatsha ambalwa.
Ukuphakama kwemifino kuphakathi kuka 40-45 cm. Kuveza izithelo hhayi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa kancane kancane, kodwa izithelo zokuqala zingatholakala izinsuku ezingu-120 kusukela ngesikhathi imbewu etshalwe ngayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifisa ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba kunesidingo esikhulu sokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga liyakwazi ukumelana nokubandayo, akudingeki ukususa izingane zokutholwa kanye ne-garter. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, ezihlangene, ekugcineni zinezinqubo ezincane ngesimo se-spout.
Wabo kulula ukuthuthangoba azithambile, kodwa ziyinyama. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sifinyelela ku-50-60 g.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zijwayele ukulimala okwesikhashana, kodwa ngemikhuba efanele yokulima kanye nokucubungula okufika ngesikhathi le nkinga kuxazululwa kalula.
Kunconywa njengomkhiqizo we-canning, u-salting oqondile, u-pickling, okuqukethwe okuphakeme kwejusi ku-pulp.
Njengoba izithelo zivuthwa kancane kancane, kungenzeka ukuthi uzothatha utamatisi omusha kuze kube yilapho kubanda. Kunconywa ukuyihlwanyela kanye nezinye izinhlobo, njengoba lesi sitshalo sivuthiwe.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi. Ukubamba kanye nokuvuna izithombo kuyadingeka. Izithombo zokushayela zingaba ngoMeyi. Ukufika kukhulu kakhulu, ku-70x60 cm.
Inhlabathi kufanele ihlakulelwe njalo, iphuziswa, ihlanganiswe. Ukubopha kanye nezitshalo ezinganeni zakudala akudingekile. Ukugqoka okuphoqelekile noma ukucubungula umanyolo, noma i-potash ehlukile kanye ne-phosphorus.
I-Grade "Dubok"
Lezi zinhlobo ezincane-branched, ukuphakama kwentaba kufinyelela ku-60 cm. Isitshalo esihlanganisiwe, esinqunyiwe, esetshenziselwa ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ayidingi i-garter. Isikhathi senziwa isikhathi esisodwa bese sekudingekile kakhulu.
Kuyinto izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe, izithelo zokuqala zivela ezihlahleni izinsuku ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-100 emva kokuba izithombo zihlume.
Izithelo ziyingcosana, ezinemibala egcwele nxazonke, ezinomzimba omncane wejusi. Kodwa inyama iyafaneleka kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-sauces noma ama-ketchup ngenxa yobuningi bezintambo ezinamafutha. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuzivikela ezifweni, ikakhulukazi ukulimala kwekwephuzile.
I-Oak ikulungele ukutshala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Izinhlobonhlobo zingakwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ekushiseni nakumswakama, kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanyisa ukukhanya.
Ngo-Mashi, ungahlwanyela imbewu. Kudingeka ukushayela lapho kuvela ishidi lesibili noma sesithathu. Kungatshalwa phansi ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune, konke kuxhomeke ngesimo sezulu. I-scheme ye-Landing 50x70 cm
Ukuphuza okuvamile okudingekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungabi ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ikakhulukazi izitshalo udinga umswakama ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezikhulayo kakhulu (ngaphambi kokuba izimbali ziqale ukuqhakaza, uma ama-ovari evela, lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa). Ukuze uthole amahlathi, ungakha ukweseka okwengeziwe.
Ukususwa kokhula nokuxoshwa kuyadingeka. Ukucutshungulwa okuphoqelelwe kwe-phytophthora, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizofa.
Kumele kuthiwa abalimi baqhubeka bethuthukisa futhi bakhiwa izinhlobo ezintsha zalesi siko, ezivumelaniswa nezimo zezindawo ezibandayo zaseSiberia. Izinhlobo ezintsha zimelana nokuntuleka kwelanga, nezinguquko ngokuzumayo kokushisa, kanye nesilinganiso esincane sokuzala kwenhlabathi.
