Umgomo wensimu ngayinye ukuthola isivuno esihle. Kodwa ukuze kufezeke lokhu, kubalulekile ukusebenza kahle.
Cishe wonke umlimi wezitshalo esakhiweni unomuthi weplamu. Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bathanda ukujabulela izithelo zawo.
Ama-plums avaliwe nge-compotes, i-jam yenziwe, kanti amapulazi anemithi yokwelapha.
Ukuze uthole izithelo eziphakeme ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukunakekela izihlahla zalesi sitshalo.
Indlela eyinhloko yokwenza lokhu ukusika izihlahla. Kodwa abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kuyadingeka yini? Uzothola impendulo yalo mbuzo nabanye abaningi kulesi sihloko.
Ukutshala izihlahla zomlimi zomhlaba ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene: izici zesikhathi ngasinye
Yiqiniso, ukusika izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.
Uma umuthi ukhula ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, kuzokwakhiwa amafoloko okuyokwenza umqhele ube mkhulu kakhulu.
Inhloso yokusika izimpande ukukhula ngesihlahla esinempilo nesithelo.
Kuyinto inhlekisa ukuthi ukusika kungenawo umphumela omubi kulesi siko, kodwa akunjalo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi, hhayi ukukhathalela isihlahla, i-gum ibonakala, futhi okwesibili, uma wenza konke ngokufanele, ngeke kube nezinkinga. Mayelana nazo zonke izici eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa okunjalo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka, sizophuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokudubula iplamu entwasahlobo nokuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle?
Isikhathi sonyaka yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika izihlahla.
Ukusika izihlahla ngezikhathi ngalesi sikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kuqhutshwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho amaqhwa amaqanda aseqile kakade, kodwa isikhathi esikhulayo asikaqali.
Ukudubula kwenzeka ezinyathelweni ezimbili:
- Ukucwenga - ukususa amagatsha engeziwe bese ukhipha amahlumela akhula. Uma umqhele womuthi ukhulu kakhulu, bese uhlanganyela ekunciphiseni.
- Ukunciphisa - ukusoka ukuzuza konyaka odlule, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ngonyaka ozayo amagatsha amasha esithelo atholakale.
Ukudubula kufanele kwenziwe ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Yenza konke ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi umuthi.
Indawo ngayinye yokusika iphathwa nge-pitch engadini noma izinto ezikhethekile.
Ngokuyinhloko yakha uhlobo oluthile lwe-plum umqhele, iminyaka emihlanu. Ukuze isisekelo saso sishiye amagatsha amakhulu ama-5 kuya ku-7, atholakala engxenyeni yama-40-50 degrees avela esihlahleni. Ukuzulazula ukuzungeza okulungile ngezintambo.
Indlela engcono kakhulu uma amagatsha amakhulu kanye namasaka eqondiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ezivela esiqwini. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-20 cm.
Amagatsha amakhulu aphathelene namalungu omqhele ahlelwe ngalendlela elandelayo: kungase kube namagatsha angu-2-3 emkhakheni ophansi, kanti amabili asezingeni elifanayo, kanti okwesithathu akunjalo. Futhi uma uhlela uhlelo lwezinhlangothi ezimbili, khona-ke kulesi sigaba sesibili kumele kube namagatsha amabili amakhulu, okufanele atholakale emazingeni ahlukene.
Ukuphrinta izici ezivelele zasehlobo
Izihlahla zasehlobo zasekhaya zikhishwe ngoJulayi. Ukudubula phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi umuthi usemncane futhi kuyadingeka ukwakha umqhele wawo.
I-pruning yokuqala yokuqala ehlobo yenziwa ngonyaka lapho izitshalo zitshalwe khona; zenza lokhu ukunciphisa amagatsha ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kule nqubo, amahlumela asetshenziselwa ukufinyezwa afinyelelwe ngu-18-20 cm, kanti kungakapheli isikhathi kunciphisa ngo-15 cm. Noma kunjalo, umqhubi ophakathi akancishisiwe.
Ngonyaka wesibili, ukusika izihlobo kuhlobo olufanayo, futhi yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngonyaka wokuqala iphindaphindiwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo susa wonke amahlumela okweqile.
Ukusika izihlahla ezinhle kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kuthinta ama-plums, aqhwaza ebusika, futhi uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukubona amagatsha afriziwe entwasahlobo noma amanye awo awazange aqede.
Olunye ukusika izihlahla ngalesi sikhathi kuhle ngoba ehlobo zonke izihlahla zigcwele amaqabunga futhi ungabona umqhele wesihlahla unyakaziwe noma cha, bese uthatha isinyathelo.
Ngokuvamile kuhlelwe izihlahla zasehlobo sebenzisa ngoJuni, kodwa ungafeza izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanzeka kunoma iyiphi inyanga efudumele. Khona-ke kungenzeka uma kukhona isifo emagatsheni, ngeke ishintshe kwamanye amagatsha noma ngeke isakaze emithini engomakhelwane nhlobo.
Ukwehliswa kwe-autumn kwezihlahla zeplamu, izici eziyinhloko zalesi sikhathi
Ukudubula ngalesi sikhathi kufika endaweni yesibili emva kwentwasahlobo. Zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo kufanele zenziwe ngemuva kokuba zonke amaqabunga ezihlahla ziwile, isikhathi sokukhula sizophela futhi iplamu izolungiswa ebusika.
Ngokuyinhloko wonke umuntu uyakwenza maphakathi no-September. Kodwa namanje akufanele ususe eceleni ukucubungula kwalesi sitshalo isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-frosts okuqala angase angabi kuhle kakhulu esihlahleni.
Umcimbi wokuqala wokunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile noma okonakaliswe noma izinambuzane, nalawo amagatsha aphukile ngenxa yokuvuna okukhulu. Futhi ekwindla ungasusa phezulu kwesihlahla, uma kungazelelwe kukhule isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi wenze konke lokhu, ungaqhubeka nokulandelayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukususwa kwamahlumela okukhula okusheshayo, okuzayo esikhathini esizayo okuyokhipha umqhele, kanye namahlumela omncintiswano. Ekwindla, zinqunywe cishe yingxenye yesithathu yobude bonke.
Ngokuyinhloko, inqubo yonke yokukhipha izikwindla ibonakala kanje:
- Uma lokhu kuyisihlahla sokuqala, emva kokutshala iplamu, khona-ke isiqu esiyinhloko sinqunywa okwesithathu, bese kuthi wonke amanye amahlumela ahlukaniswe amabili.
- Ukudubula kwekwindla ngemithi endala noma enganakiwe kungenziwa ukuze kuvuselelwe, wonke amagatsha amabi asusiwe.
- Ukudubula okwesithathu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulawula, kuyenzelwa zonke izihlahla. Susa wonke amagatsha akhula kakhulu ukuze asuse umqhele.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusika izikwindla kwenziwa kahle ezindaweni eziseningizimu, nasezindaweni eziphakathi nasenyakatho, zonke lezi zinyathelo kufanele zihanjiswe entwasahlobo.
Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zithathwe, wonke amagatsha aqoshiwe ashiswa ukuze ama-parasite angawandi.
Sizokutshela ukuthi kufaneleka yini ukusika izihlahla ze-plum ebusika bese uhlala emaphuzu amakhulu.
Ukudubula izihlahla eziqoshiwe ebusika kuyaziwa kakhulu.
Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi iplamu ibhekisela emasimini ezithelo zamatshe, futhi iqala izinqubo zokuqala zemifino. Futhi umgadi wensimu, ngenxa yokushintshwa okusheshayo ebusika kuya entwasahlobo, angaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuthwa.
I-plum ibekezelela ukushisa kwebusika kangcono kunezinye izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe, kodwa namanje isisindo se-thermophilic.
Yonke imisebenzi edingekayo kufanele yenziwe. ngoFebhuwari ekushiseni okungaba ngu-15 ° Ckodwa hhayi ngaphansi.
Okuyinhloko izinzuzo ze-trim ebusika lesi siko:
- Ebusika, azikho amaqabunga emthini, okunikeza ukubuka konke okungcono kombuso wesiko. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakwazi kalula ukucacisa indlela engcono yokwenza ngayo.
- Phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, umuthi cishe awutholi ukucindezeleka lapho ukusika kungqhathaniswa nezinye izikhathi.
- Amagatsha afriziwe alula ukusika, ngakho konke lokhu, ukubonakala kwamapulangwe kuncishisiwe.
- Inzuzo ukuthi ebusika kulula ukubeka izitebhisi esihlahleni, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulimaza isiko esiseduze.
Uma wenza konke ngokufanele lapho usika izihlahla ebusika, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokuthi uzobangela umonakalo omkhulu emthini. Amagatsha okusika ayoba lula, futhi ukusika kuyoba lula.
Yiziphi izinqubo zokusika izimbongolo ezincane nezindala. Amathuluzi nokuhlehlisa uhlelo
Ukudubula iplamu engama-1 ubudala
Kubalulekile ukubamba lo mcimbi masinyane emva kokutshala isithombo, ukuze uhlelo lwempande elimele luhlinzekele zonke izinto eziwusizo ekunqumeni amagatsha.
I-pruning pruning yokuqala yenziwa emva konyaka owodwa wokuphila we-seedling. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi izithombo zikhishwe kuphela iminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuphila, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zithombo zizinzile futhi ziqhamuka kangcono.
Kodwa lokhu akunjalo, futhi ngokufanayo, amahlumela alezi zihlahla azokukhula kancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzodingeka ukuba unciphise ngokucophelela, okuletha inkathazo eningi kumgadi wensimu.
Ngoba izithombo zalesi sihlahla zibhekene nokukhula okungafani kwezihlumela, isibonelo, ezinye zingakhula isikhathi eside kunabanye. Yingakho ukusika izilimi ezincane kuveza izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngonyaka. I-trunk ephakathi iyakunqunywa kanye ngonyaka ukuze ibe umholi phakathi kwamanye amahlumela akhulayo.
Isici esibalulekile kule ndaba ukuthi kubalulekile ukubeka isisekelo sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamagatsha ezinamahlumela ngonyaka ongu-1 wokuphila kwesiko, futhi kakade ngonyaka wesithathu - isisekelo sesigaba sesibili. Ngonyaka wokwakheka komqhele, qiniseka ukuthi uqothula iziqongqo kanye namagatsha akhula phakathi komqhele.
Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi ukuthuthukisa nokukhula komuthi kuyadingeka esigabeni sokuqala ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuphakama nokuma isiko okufanele sibe nalo ukuze ulandele indlela enikeziwe esikhathini esizayo.
Unyaka wesibili wokuphila kweplamu, kufanele kube njani?
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kweplamu umuthi oqoshiwe maphakathi no-Mashilapho izindawo ezincibilikile zizophulukisa kangcono futhi ngokushesha.
Uma ukhiqiza unyaka wesibili wesihlahla, kufanele uqale ukhethe amagatsha amathathu noma amane amahlumela bese uwasika ngesigamu noma sesithathu.
Ukunqunywa kufanele kube endaweni yezinso eziphelile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwenkathi kungakhula phezu kwesiqu, okuyinto, ekuqaleni, kumele inqunywe cishe ngo-5-7 cm, futhi kakade ngenkathi yesibili ekhulayo, inqunywe ngokuphelele.
Iyini inqubo yokwehlisa iplamu endala?
Ubude bokusika izihlahla zemifula endala buhlala cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Konke lokhu kudingekile ukuthi ugcine ukukhula komfaniswano wamagatsha omzimba kanye nomqhubi oyinhloko. Lihlala kuze kube yilapho ukuphakama komuthi kufinyelela kumamitha angu-2.5, emva kwalokho igatsha elikhulu namagatsha amakhulu kunawo wonke.
Le nqubo izomisa ukukhula komuthi, kanti umlimi oyodayi kufanele adlale ukuthi inani elanele lelanga likhanyisa umqhele wesimiso. Ngokuyinhloko emithini endala, amagatsha aphukile futhi aphethwe yizifo aphethwe, futhi amancane ayathinti.
Ngokumiswa komuthi omdala wezihlahla amahlumela amasha, udinga ukubamba izihlahla eziguga ukuguga. Futhi, lolu hlobo lokunakekelwa kufanele lwenziwe ngesitshalo esincane noma uma isiko siqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela phezu komqhele wesihlahla.
Uma ubambe umcimbi onjalo, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha amakhulu omzimba wamanzi ekuqaleni kokusentwasahlobo, gash amanxeba athola ngesikhathi sokusika ngommese obukhali bese uwubhidliza nge-pitch pitch.
Uma usika amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu kudingeka uwafake kusuka ngezansi, bese ususa ubude phezulu, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ungalimazi umuthi.
Uma isiko sinomuzwa wokubunjwa kwesilonda, kuzothumela inani elikhulu lezakhi kule ndawo, okuzosiza ekuqiniseni nasekuphulukiseni ngokushesha. Esikhathini sendawo esinqunyiwe, kwakhiwa amahlumela amasha, okuyi-3 noma 4 kuphela enamandla kunawo wonke asele, amanye asuswa ngenyanga kaJulayi.
Zonke izinqubo zokulwa nokuguga akumele zenziwe ngonyaka owodwa, njengoba umuthi omdala ungenakukwazi ukusinda inani elikhulu lamanxeba atholakele, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuwaphula eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu. Ukuguqula izihlahla ezihlosiwe kuhle ukufeza uma kukhona i-shtamb eqinile nephilile.
Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso zokusiza ngezihlahla zesihlahla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sikhula:
- Spring iyisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika isivuno, ngoba ukusika izikwindla kungamisa umuthi okuningi.
- Esikhathini sokuqala sokubunjwa komqhele, akunconywa ukusika umuthi ngokuqinile. Okukhethwa kukho kungcono ukubhukimela amagatsha amakhulu.
- Ngezinhlobo ezinamagatsha amancane, ukusika izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: kuze kufinyelele ku-50 cm ezinhlobonhlobo ze-branching kanye no-60 cm ngokuqinile.
- Ngemva kokuba isiko siqala ukuthwala izithelo zokuqala, ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela eya egatsheni. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-2.5-3, ukusika egatsheni elihlangothini.
- Ngesikhathi fruiting kokuqala iplamu kungcono hhayi ukusika. Uma kunesidingo esikhulu, yenza ukusika kancane kwamagatsha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yomqhele walesi siko ibhekwa njengefomu elenziwe ngekomishi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa komqhele womuthi, kufanele ukhethe amagatsha amathathu asezingeni elingama-120 ° phakathi komakhelwane kanye nesiqu cishe cishe ngu-50 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezizikhiqizayo ze-plums.
Sifundza uhlelo noma ukuhlehlisa izimpande zokusika
Inqubo yokusika izihlahla zeplamu ifana nokutshala izilimo ze-cherry. Eminyakeni yokuqala, baqala ukwakha amagatsha amacembe, ababuthakathaka noma ngokugcwele, bebasuse, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo abangase basuse umqhele.
Ukunyuka komlingiswa wonyaka owodwa kuthatha ubude uma udinga ukunikeza igatsha isiqondiso esithile; ukulinganisa amagatsha amakhulu. Futhi futhi ususe phezulu amahlumela aqinile aneziqu eziphuthumayo noma eziqothula izinkuni.
Uma isiko singena egcwele-fruiting, ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula. Kodwa ngokuhle, cishe ngamasentimitha angu-40, ukukhula, ukusika kungenziwa ukuhlanza umqhele wesihlahla. Kodwa uma inzuzo ingaphansi kuka-20 cm, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2 ubudala ukhuni ngaphezu kwegatsha elihlangothini.
Uma ekupheleni kakhudlwana ukukhula kwegatsha kungaphansi kuka-15 cm, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale inqubo yokuvuselelwa.
Lapho kusetshenzwa izihlahla, ukugcoba komqhele kwenziwa, amagatsha asontekile avuliwe.
Ukuthenga izihlahla ezihlahlawe izihlahla sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ingadi ebona, pruner, umkhonto obukhali obukhali.
Ukuze ukugcoba kwamahlumela amasha kulungiselele isivinini var. Wonke amathuluzi okusika kumele abuye acace futhi ayinyumba.
