Ukufezekisa ukukhula okuhle, ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi aphezulu futhi okuhlwabusayo, kuyadingeka ukuba ufunde eminye yemithetho, izinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ekunqumeni lesi sitshalo. Into esemqoka lapho ukhiqiza isitshalo ukubeka isilinganiso esihle phakathi kokukhula kwe-rhizome nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla ngokwalo, kanye nokwakhiwa komqhele ovuthiwe nokugcinwa kwayo yonke impilo yesitshalo samagilebhisi.
Amagilebhisi - isiko esinempahla enjalo, okuthiwa i-polarity. I-Polarity iyisici lapho ukukhula kwamagilebhisi omvini kubuthakathaka khona futhi amaqabunga phansi kwehlathini awaqhakazi, kanti amahlumela kuphela akhula emvinini wonyaka odlule.
Umphumela walesi simo yi-elongation yemikhono yamahlathi, ukwanda kobukhulu behlathi ngokwayo, nokwanda okusheshayo ebangeni kusukela emqhele kuya ku-rhizome.
Lokhu kuholela ekuswelekeni kwezinto ezidinga isitshalo. Ukuze ugweme ukutholakala kwesikhumba, kungaba njalo, njalo ngonyaka, unqume umvini wamagilebhisi.
Ukutshala isihlahla somvini kwenziwa imisebenzi ehlukene, enqunywe yisikhathi sesitshalo, kanye nemibandela yokukhula kwayo. Lapho usika amagilebhisi ekwindla, senza kube lula indawo yokukhosela ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda, futhi sixwayise "ukukhala kwentwasahlobo" yomvini, okuyiwona ovela ekutheni izihlahla zithwasahlobo. Kuyingozi ngoba ngenxa yokuqhuma amaqabunga awaqhakazi, lokhu kubangela ukukhula okuncane kwehlathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalo.
Bezshtambovaya formirovka isihlahla
Noma yikuphi ukusika kungukungenelela ekufakeni kwesihlahla somvini ngokuhlinzwa, lapho izingxenye zayo eziphilayo zikhishwa khona. Le ndlela inquma inani lamahlumela ezikhulayo nezihlalo zobukhosi, okudingekayo ukulawula umkhiqizo nokukhula, hhayi nje kuphela esihlahleni, kodwa futhi nezinxenye zayo. Ukuthuthukiswa, isivuno sezitshalo kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo, kukhuthazwa ngokusika umvini. Yile ndlela ubude bezandla neminwe yabo, kanye nenani lamafindo nemivini, lilawulwa.
Ukudubula kuhlukaniswa ubude bokusika umvini, okulinganiselwe ngamafihleki kwesobunxele. Isivini sinqunywa:
1) esifushane - izinso ezingu-4,
2) isilinganiso - 6-8 izinso,
3) eside - 9-18 noma ngaphezulu efihlekile.
Ukuze uthole ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga nomoya, intsha, isitshalo esineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, yenza skeleton ukwakheka. Le nqubo isenza kube lula kakhulu yonke imisebenzi esilandelayo nesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqhele owenziwe kufanele ugcinwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusika nokuhlanganisa amagatsha omvini.
I-autumn ngezinye izikhathi izihlahla ezihlabayo ezidinga indawo yokuhlala ngesikhathi sebandayo. Ekwindla, ezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zingadliwa, kodwa amagilebhisi angasokile akhathazeke kangcono. Lolu hlobo lokusila luyaziwa kakhulu ezimweni lapho kuntuleka khona ukushisa, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Isikhathi
Ngekwindla ngezinye izikhathi batusa ukufeza ukuphepha kwezitshalo. Njengoba usayizi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo akuhlupheki kulo nyaka ozayo. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa kancane kancane, emibili. Ngaphambi kwenqubo ngokwalo, kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi zonke izithelo ziye zahlanganiswa, futhi zonke izixhumanisi ezithwala izikhukhula ezingasadingeki yi-shrub zidiliziwe.
Ukusika isivuno samagilebhisi ngokwawo kwenzeka ngezinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokuwa kwamahlamvu awo wonke, kodwa, nakanjani, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwamazinga amathathu, kusukela ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa elingenalutho, umvini uba mkhulu kakhulu. Isikhathi esihle sokudubula siwukuphela kwenyanga ka-Okthoba, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala nokukhula, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila isithombo semivuno sinikeza amahlumela amamitha angama-2-4 athuthukile, 6 mm ububanzi ngamunye. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi amahlumela amancane kuphela noma amabili amancane akhula phezu kwesithombo. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi i-shrub ikhula ngokubunjwa okungalungile kanye nomqhele kufanele ibambezeleke. Kule nkathi, amagatsha aphinda ahlwanywe ngezikhwebu ezine, njengesikhathi sokutshala. Futhi ukubunjwa kuhlehliselwa unyaka wonke, kuze kube yilapho isihlahla sinikeza izinto ezinhle zokubeka umqhele wesimo esidingekayo.
Amandla okukhula kanye nezimo ezikhulayo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo zamagilebhisi zithinta ubude bezinhlanzi zezimila ezingapheli kanye nenani lezingxenye zalo. Izingxenye ezinjalo zingaba yizicucu ezingu-2-6, ubude obude buyi-20-60 cm. Ngenxa yalokhu isimo sihlukile:
1) encane
2) isilinganiso
3) elikhulu.
Emikhondweni ngayinye kufanele kube nesixhumanisi sesithelo esihlanganisa:
1) imivini yonyaka owodwa, uthathe ubusuku obungu-5-10 (umcibisholo wezithelo),
2) imivini yonyaka owodwa, uthathe amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-4 (esikhundleni somshini).
Ubude bokusila buhlotshaniswa nobuqili bomlimi owodwa. Ukuze uthole isibonelo esicacile sokusoka kwe-bezshtambovogo, bheka isithombe.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukufunda lokho izithelo ezithwele umvini kufanele zihlale zifakwe engxenyeni yemikhono, futhi i-swirl kufanele ibekwe eceleni kwe-rhizome. Lokhu kufakwa kubizwa ngokuthi isixhumanisi sesithelo futhi kuyisici esibophezela kunoma yisiphi isihlahla sesitshalo somvini. Inani lezithelo eziphethe izixhumanisi, ivolumu yezithelo ezithinta imivini namagatsha ilawulwa, ngokulandela isidingo sokuba umthamo wesitshalo futhi ngokusekelwe ubukhulu obufunayo begron.
Leyo ndlela yokwenza lokhu kuwukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala kuphela amagatsha amabili aphansi kakhulu ahlala ehlathini. La magatsha ahlukaniswa amahlumela amathathu ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula, futhi wonke amanye amagatsha anqunywa. Kule wire, etholakala kwi-trellis efakiwe, ama-4-6 athuthukile amahlumela ayahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo. Emshini oneminyaka emithathu ubudala emagatsheni angama-4 ahamba phambili, umkhonto uqala ukukhula - amabili lozina ngakwesinye isiqondiso.
Isivini esinqunywe ngu-40-60 cm siboshwe, amagatsha asele anqunywe, kanti amagatsha angu-2-3 angenakuthinteka.
Kwenzeka ukuthi igatsha elilodwa kuphela elikhula ekunqumeni kwonyaka. Khona-ke kuleli gatsha kusele amaqabunga amane, kamuva awenze abe amagatsha amane. Izinyathelo ezingaphezulu kuleli cala nazo ziqedwe ngokuphelele.
Izixhumanisi zezithelo umkhiqizo ngamunye wesitshalo seminyaka emine uyenziwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusika umvini ngaphandle, okuphansi, no-5-10 efihlekile, lowo okhula phezulu. Khona-ke bobabili boboshwe ngokuzungezile.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izixhumanisi ze-fruiting njalo zihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene ezenza imisebenzi ehlukile phakathi kwabo. Lapha, umvini uyisithelo noma isithelo, ingxenye yalokho okuyi-fruiting, i-knot iyinxenye yokukhula, okuyisisekelo samagatsha amasha anamandla.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-bezshtambovy ukusika izihlahla ezinamandla ezinama-6-7 mm, okuzophenduka izingalo zamagilebhisi.
Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokukhula (iminyaka emibili noma emithathu), izingalo ezine zezihlahla zakhiwe ngendlela ebonakalayo zibe uhlobo lwe-fan. Yilapho ukubunjwa kwesihlahla sekuvunyelwe ukugcina amagilebhisi.
Ukupruning for fruiting
Ukuvuna isivuno esihle esivunini somvini kuwumsebenzi omkhulu. Kodwa, ukwazi nokulandela imithetho yokutshala izivuno, akulona neze nzima. Ukuze kutholakale i-fruiting, isihlahla esineminyaka emine sinqunywe, lapho imikhono emikhulu isakhiwe kakade (kufanele kube no-4 kubo), lapho, ngalesi sikhathi, izixhumanisi eziphethe izithelo zikhule.
Inqubo yokusika ye-fruiting isivuno semagilebhisi ikhiqizwa ngale ndlela. Ukukhula emgqeni wokufakelwa kwamagatsha amabili amancane kuyisizathu sokusika umvini omdala we-fruiting. Igatsha, elitholakala eduze komkhono, lihlukaniswa kabili - yiyo indlela entsha eyakhiwe ngayo, okwesibini kunqunywe isikhathi eside - yile ndlela umvini we-fruiting obeka ngayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele sibe nalokho esasinakho ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kwamahlathi. Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi sehlobo ehlobo kuzoqala ukukhula izithelo ezintsha, futhi umvini uzoveza.
Kutholakala ukuthi amagatsha amaningi akhula nge-bitch (izingcezu ezingu-3-4). Bese ushiya amagatsha anamandla kakhulu futhi ahlelekile. Ungesabi ukusika umvini, ngoba ubude bawo buyithinta ivolumu namasayizi abo. Into esemqoka kulolu hlobo lokusika izihlahla ukuthi umvini ovuthiwe uhlala emanzini, futhi i-knot esikhundleni.
Kusuka lapha, kulandela okubaluleke kakhulu ekutsheni izihlahla - ekwindla ngayinye, amagatsha athile eduze ne-rhizome anciphisa (esikhundleni sefindo), lawo angaphezulu ahlala isikhathi eside (isivini esivuthwa). Ukwenza konke ngokuvumelana nezincomo, isihlahla sizohlanza kahle, sihle futhi sithela.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izihlahla ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe kakade ezingama-75% sezivuthiwe kakade, ngenkathi yekwindla ayifuni isitshalo. Ngempela, izimpande zembali azikhuli esihlahleni esiqinekile, izifo zikhula ngamandla, amaqabunga angafezi umsebenzi wawo, ngenxa yalokho umvini ongapheli oshona efa ebusika.
Ngakho-ke Njalo ekwindla ukusika isihlahla. Futhi lokhu kunquma:
1) imikhono emandla ebuthakathaka, lapho kungekho mvini oqinile, ovuthwe yi-7-10 efihlekile,
2) imikhonto, enamagatsha amancane.
Konke kuya ukusika. Uma umvini obusisiwe obandlekile usukhule ngomkhono obuthakathaka, susa konke okuphezu kwalesi sivini. Omunye wemikhono enamandla kunazo zonke ukhethwa, futhi wonke amahlumela angakhiwe, angasetshenzisiwe futhi angomisiwe anqunywe. Uhlala nje umvini omuhle kunabo bonke, okuvela kuwo ophansi owenziwe ama-peepholes amabili.
Konke okukhule ngaphezu komvini okhethiwe kunqunywa nomkhono. Imikhono engasala iyasuswa ngendlela efanayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi amagilebhisi, eduze komunye nomunye ebangeni elingama-2 m, ekupheleni kokushiya ukushiya kuphela ama-30-35 efihlekile. Futhi uma kukhona okuningi, omunye umkhono unqunywe. Lapho ukuhlanza amagilebhisi kufanele kuqondiswe umthetho - ongakunikeli umvini oqinile, isihlahla akudingekile.
Isikhathi
Ukufuna izihlahla kuyenzeka ekwindla. Le nqubo iqala ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila kwesiko, amasonto amabili emva kokuthi amahlamvu ekhishwe, kepha njalo ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa kwe-subzero, khona-ke kukhishwa minyaka yonke.
Shtambovaya shapirovka isihlahla
Indlela yokusika yamagilebhisi isetshenziselwa ukukhula ebusika-eqinile, hhayi ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zamasiko. Isisekelo sokwakheka kwesiphuzo sevini yisimo sokukhula okuhle kakhulu kwesiqu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nokutshala isitshalo, khetha izithombo ezithuthukile, ezitshalwe enhlabathini enomanzi futhi evuselelekile.
Kulezo zindawo lapho kunesiko elikhulayo lamagilebhisi esingabikho emakhazeni, ukubunjwa kuqhutshwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ezindaweni lapho umhlaba ushisa kahle, kanti lezi ziyizindawo eziseningizimu, ama-stumps akha phezulu. Uma indawo engaphansi kwesivini ibuye ivumele, ifomu lehlathi eliyi-multi-sleeve. Uma inhlabathi iyimpofu futhi indawo isomile, amahlathi ayencane.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nendawo yokuhlala efanele yamagilebhisi ebusika.
Inqubo yendlela yokwenza umuthi wamagilebhisi inokulandelayo. Ukuwa kokuqala, emva kokutshala, izihlahla zihlungwa ukuze wonke amagatsha ahlale ehlumela amahle amathathu. Zonke izinqubo ezisele ziyanqunywa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzomele uzame ukukhula amahlumela amabili aqinile ne-rhizome. Khona-ke laba ababili bashiye ukuphunyuka bahlukaniswe waba yinto esemqoka, lapho kuzoba khona isitembu esikhathini esizayo, kanye nendawo eyodwa, ezosiza ekubunjweni kwezimpande. Enye ukuphunyuka okuyisipele yomshuwalense uma kuqhathaniswa neqhwa.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-standard meter 1.5 kufakwe eduze kwehlathi. Kuye emagatsheni alandelayo akhula amathanga. Egatsheni eliyinhloko banqamula izingane zokutholwa ezikhulele ehlobo. Ekwindla, i-trellis ihlelwe ngethambo elongiswe ngamathayi amabili, lapho i-cordon izobambelela khona kumuntu wokuqala, futhi umgijimi uzobambelela kumuntu wokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudubula okuyinhloko kukhishwe ukuphakama kwesiqu.
Futhi izingane zokutholwa kanye nokuphunyuka kwe-backup kunqunywe ngokuphelele. Amehlo amabili angaphezulu asele esiqu - zizosiza ukubeka amahlombe we-cordon. Amagatsha asele anqunyulwa.
Umvini osele usukhulile ngobukhulu bezingxenye zebanga phakathi kwemivini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Khona-ke isithelo samagilebhisi sakhulile sinqunywa ubude obufunayo. Eminye inqwaba eyakhula ehlathini, ngaphezu kwamahlumela amabili aphezulu, inqunywe. Amagatsha aphezulu anamathele ku-wire first tier, futhi amaphesenti anamathiselwe.
Amagatsha amabili avuthiwe asele ehlathini lokulondoloza, lapho:
a) elilodwa lihlonywe zibe amaqabunga amabili (esikhundleni senjini),
b) okwesibini kunqunywe yi-5-6 efihlekile.
Uma isihlahla siqala kahle, izingane ezinamandla zikhula kulo. Kuzo zakha izimpondo ngezixhumanisi ezithela izithelo. Uma izinyathelo ezingakhuliwanga noma zikhule kahle - lokhu kwenziwa kusukela kumagatsha amakhulu. Inqubo yokwakheka kwezixhumanisi ezithela izithelo isheshayo uma amagatsha ekhonjiwe eduze kwe-node yesithathu.
Imikhono emine eneminyaka emine inqunywa kusuka phezulu, ngenkathi ishiya amahlumela amahle kuphela, ibanga lika-20 cm phakathi kwabo. Amahlumela eminyaka emihlanu anqunywa amehlo angu-2-3 - lokhu kuzoba ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwezixhumanisi ezithela izithelo, okuzokhula kusuka kulawa mahlo amabili. Izixhumanisi zezithelo kungakhiwa ekupheleni kwamagatsha. Izixhumanisi ezifakiwe ezithembisayo zizosebenza, zivuselele iminyaka eminingi, into esemqoka ekuqaleni ukuyibeka kahle. Bese badinga ukusekelwa kuphela.
Isikhathi
Ukubunjwa kwamagilebhisi okujwayelekile okhiqizwa ngezigaba eziningana:
1) ngesonto lokuqala langoSeptemba, amagatsha amasha emikhono emidala ayakunqunywa, engaphambi kweseyili yokuqala;
2) kunqunywe okweshumi kwegatsha okwedlula ucingo olulandelayo, lapho izingane eziqashiwe zisuswa;
3) emva kokushiya amaqabunga (maphakathi no-Okthoba), ezingeni lezingcingo ezimbili zokuqala, kushiywe amagatsha amabili aqinile kunawo wonke, lapho okuphansi kunqunywa khona ngama-3-4 eminyaka - lokhu kuyinothi lokufaka esikhundleni;
4) ukuphunyuka kokuqala okulinganiselwe, kunqunywe ubusuku obungu-5-12 - lo mcibisholo ocebile.
Ngenxa yalokho, isiko esikhula ngokuma kufanele sikhule, ngenkathi sinemikhono ngamehlo, okuyinto ngonyaka olandelayo uyoba izivini nezithelo ezithela izithelo.
Ukusika izithelo zomvini ekwindla, usadinga ukubeka amehlo endaweni yokugcina. Emva kwakho konke, ebusika obuqinile, amanye amaqabunga azoqhwaza, futhi entwasahlobo ungakwazi ukususa amahlumela angafuneki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Khumbula ukuthi umvini unqunywe engxenyeni yangaphakathi yamagatsha, eqondiswa phakathi kwehlathi. Ngakho kunciphisa okungcono kakhulu. Ukwenza amanxeba avela enhlangothini ehlukene yamagatsha, kungenzeka ukuthi kungavimbela ukugeleza kokushisa, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni isivuno esihle.
