Labo abafuna ukukhula ekhaya noma ezweni lamagilebhisi bavame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi bazitholele ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Futhi benza ngesizathu: kungcono ukuchitha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuhlaziya isikhala se-inthanethi kunokutshala isihlahla sokuqala futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukuyeka.
Ngezansi sifuna ukukujwayela ngokuningiliziwe ngenye yezinhlobo zemagilebhisi ezithembisayo nezithela kakhulu, okuyinto ekahle ekukhuleni ngeziqephu zasekhaya - iwayini leVeles.
Ngaphandle kwemifino emikhulu yokuvuna, engayifinyelela ngesihlahla esisodwa, amagilebhisi ngokwawo abonakala kahle futhi anambitha.
Ukuze sibe nenhloso, sizobe sitshele mayelana nokushiyeka kwayo.
Yini eyojabulisa uVelez, amagilebhisi onkulunkulu wokuzala?
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi akuyona into ebizwa ngokuthi igama lunkulunkulu waseSlavic owayenesibopho sokuzala. Izithelo zomvini zeVeles zivuna ngempela, lapho ubuhle obukhulu bezinhlobo zomzali: "Sofia" no "Rusbola".
Ngenxa yokuwela lezi zinhlobonhlobo nguMzalisi uZagorulko, osebenza nge-viticulture njengengumateur, futhi ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezihle kakhulu, kwazalwa umvini omuhle kakhulu. Namuhla lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Ukraine, eningizimu yeBelarus, nasezindaweni eziPhakathi naseSouth Russia.
Ukubukeka nobukhulu beqoqo lamagilebhisi "iVeles"
Isisindo nobukhulu beqoqo elilinganiselwe, elingavuthwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-shrub "I-Veles", ingahle ibhekiswe kulokhu enkulu futhi enkulu kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, iningi lamaqoqo phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo iyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-mass of more than 3 kilograms, futhi amaqoqo amancane kakhulu anesisindo esingu-0.6 kilogram. Ubude beqembu buphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-18, ububanzi bungaba ngu-13.
Amajikijolo kuleli bunch nawo anombono omuhle nesayizi. Ziba nesisindo esingama-4-5 amagremu, zihluke ngesikhumba esipinki futhi zibonakala zibala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kwe-pulp, lapho imbewu engekho khona noma engacabangi neze, izithelo zeveles zomvini ziyathandeka kakhulu. Isikhumba samajikijolo wamagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo sincane, kanti nokudla nakho akuzwanga. Uma bedla, akukhona iphunga elimanga kakhulu le-muscat.
Umthamo wokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi "iVeles": yini ezojabulisa izinhlobonhlobo
Ukungaqapheli isivuno esikhulu salolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yesikhwama esinamandla nokukwazi ukuthola isivuno se-pasikovy, cishe ama-4-6 kilograms amagilebhisi athola esihlahleni esisodwa. Kodwa, ngokucophelela, ivolumu yayo ingakhula kakhulu. Isici esibalulekile ukuzinza kwesitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unyaka kangakanani.
Kubalulekile ukulalela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Inkathi ekhulayo yesihlahla somvini iphela izinsuku ezingu-95-100 kuphela. Ngokukhanyisa okuhle kwamahlathi kanye nezimo zezulu ezimnandi, ukuvuna kungenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinhle ngesimo sezulu saseCentral Russia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow, njengoba kunesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda.
Uma kunama-stepsons, ahlanganiswa kakhulu ehlathini, isitshalo sakhiwe nokuthi wanquma ukungasusi, ngakho-ke kuyokwenzeka ukususa ngokufika kuka-Okthoba. Ngokwemvelo, izimo zezulu ezimnandi zaseCentral nase-Southern Ukraine zizodingeka ukuguga kwayo.
Izinzuzo ze- "Veles": yini engayenza ukuziqhenya ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zomvini?
• Izitshalo ezinkulu zamajikijolo aphezulu ngezo zonke izindlela.
• Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwesitshalo.
• Ngezulu elomile nelomile, amagilebhisi namaqoqo akwazi ukugcina ukubukeka okuhle nokunambitheka isikhathi eside (cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5). Amajikijolo awazenzeki ngokwabo.
• Ngenxa yobuningi be-pulp yamagilebhisi i-Veles, isivuno ngaphandle kokulimala kuqhubeka nokuhamba kwesikhathi eside.
• Isivini asilimazanga uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwe -21 ° C, noma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo sidinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika. Amehlo amakhulu angalimaza kakhulu.
• Ukuba khona kwembali yocansi kwenza kube lula ukuhlanza nokutshala okuhlukahlukene.
• Amagilebhisi anesifo esiphakathi kwezifo zefungal ezivame kakhulu ezivini: i-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-oidium.
Yini engadumaza amagilebhisi ngokuthi "Veles": ukwehluleka kwezinhlobonhlobo
Ngeshwa, kodwa ukuvunwa okuhle kunazo zonke ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe kungathinteka kakhulu ezimweni ezimbi zezulu, ikakhulukazi ngomswakama ophezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esivamile. Kulesi simo, amajikijolo aqhekeka, okwenza ukuba aphule. Ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuvuna isivuno ngesikhathi esifanele bese uyigcina emakamelweni owomile.
Izinkinga zifakazela ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeVeles zisencane futhi azifundile ngokwanele okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezikhulayo nezimo zezulu, zingabonisa ezinye izici ezinhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungaphumeleli ukuvuna amagilebhisi, kunconywa ukuba uchithe isihlahla kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile e-universal prophylactically.
Yini ekhethekile ngokutshala amagilebhisi e-Veles: ulwazi oludingekile nemiyalelo
Izithelo zokuvuna zamagilebhisi "iVeles"
Ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo kungenzeka cishe zonke izinhlobo zokutshala kwamagilebhisi, ngaphandle kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo zalesi sikole ezindaweni ezikhethekile, ezingakhula ngezimpande zawo noma zihlanganiswe kwezinye izimpande.
Ungenza izivuno ezizimele zokuvuna ezivela esihlahleni somvini, uzihlome emhlabathini bese utshala, noma utshale esitokisini esidala. Ikhwalithi ye-shrub esekhulile cishe ayincike endleleni yokutshala, kuphela uma ihlanganiswa esitokisini esidala, i-shrub izokwazi ukukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi iqale ukuthela izithelo.
Ukutshala kwezithelo zamagilebhisi nezitshalo ekwindla "Veles": izinzuzo nezingozi
Umbuzo wesikhathi sonyaka sokutshala amagilebhisi kunzima kakhulu. Ngempela, kunoma yikuphi, kukhona kokubili ama-pluses nezinkinga.
Isikhathi sasekuseni ngokuqinisekile siphumelele kakhulu ukutshala izithombo kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Emva kwakho konke, kunenkathi efudumele kanye nonyaka okhulayo, lapho isihlahla esisha sizoba nesikhathi sokutshala izimpande futhi sikhule ngamandla ukuze siphila ebusika bokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Amagilebhisi eVeles atshalwe entwasahlobo kakade ngesikhathi sesibili sokukhula angase ajabule nge-inflorescences yokuqala nezitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlunga okufisa futhi okungahle kwenzeke futhi ukusika lapho i-nurseries ivele khona ekwindla. Lapho ukutshala intwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungabonakali isikhathi sokufika: kungasuka kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi. Lapho utshala ekuseni kubalulekile ukugcina isiteji.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn kuhle ngoba ngalesi sikhathi awukwazi ukuthola kuphela ama-honeycombs amaningi wezithombo, ikakhulukazi, ezihlukahlukene ze- "Veles", kodwa futhi kufanele zisebenze kancane ngazo. Iqiniso liwukuthi elinye ukungahlehlisi kwentwasahlobo ngokuvamile kuvame inhlabathi, okudinga ukuphuza njalo. Ekwindla, kuyokwanela ukuphuza kuphela amagilebhisi atshalwe, ukumboza futhi akhohlwe ngakho ngaphambi kokushisa kwentwasahlobo.
Eqinisweni, umphumela wokutshala uzofana naso entwasahlobo, ngoba ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda, isitshalo singasakhula, silondolozwe emhlabathini. Kodwa ngokuthi "isitoreji" esinjalo umonakalo wokulimaza isithombo ngokushisa okuphansi kanye nokuqhwaba kwenhlabathi kuphezulu kakhulu. Futhi, uma kungalungile ukumboza, wonke umswakama ungaphuma emfashini wesithwathwa ngeqhwa, okuzokwenza ukunciphisa ukuvumelanisa kwayo.
Indawo yokutshala amagilebhisi: yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-whims ye "Veles"?
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zinesici esinjengokuthembela okuqinile ekukhanyeni okuhle nendawo ethokomele yokukhula. Ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwesitshalo, nokungabi khona kwemidwebo ebanda - ukulondolozwa kwama-inflorescences.
Izithelo zomvini "Veles" zithanda zivundile, ngekhono elihle lokudlula umswakama. Inhlabathi eningi emanzini emanzini ayinakulungele lokhu kuhlukahluka, ngoba kuyobangela ukuqubuka kwamajikijolo. Kungcono ukhethe umhlabathi omnyama noma ukuletha umhlabathi ngendlela efanele, ngokungeza umanyolo kuwo, ukudala uhlelo lokugeleza. Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha lezo zindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi angangeni ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5 ngisho nesikhukhula esinzima.
Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla eziningana, kufanelekile ukucabangela ibanga elidingekile phakathi kwabo: ukuhamba kahle ngamaphesenti angu-1-1.5.
Iqiniso liwukuthi kulezi ezihlukahlukene isihlahla sinokukhula okuhle kakhulu, okuyinto sidinga isikhala esiningi. Uma izihlahla zihlwanyelwe kakhulu, zikwazi ukuthunjwa. Izithelo zomvini zivame ukutshala eduze nezindonga zezakhiwo, futhi uma kunjalo kunesidingo sokuphuma esakhiweni okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.7 ukuze isisekelo singaphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande.
Ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi "Veles": umyalelo womsebenzi
Ngaphambi kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isitifiketi ngokwayo. Imbewu ephilile neyinkimbinkimbi inezimpande ezimhlophe nokusika okwehlaza. Izithombo zentsundu zikhulile ngezimpande zawo, zibe namahlumela aluhlaza ngamaqabunga. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande ze-seedling kumele zinywe emanzini usuku noma ezimbili, futhi ziphathwe nesisombululo esikwazi ukugqugquzela ukubunjwa kwezimpande. Isixazululo esinjalo singenziwa ngesisekelo sesidakamizwa esithi "Humate", ogxila emanzini angu-1 amanzi akufanele adlule amaconsi ayishumi.
Ukulungiselela i-Pit futhi ukutshala kwe-seedling ngokwayo kunamanani amaningi:
• Kunconywa ukuba ulungise umgodi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokufika. Ukuze kuhlwanyelwe izithelo zomvini, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla ukuze inhlabathi ingahlunga kahle. Lapho intwasahlobo yokutshala umgodi ukumba amaviki amabili. Ngaphezu komgodla, kubalulekile ukulungisa isayithi kusengaphambili: ukumba futhi uphume umanyolo.
• Ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi kufanele kube okungenani amamitha angu-0.8. Lokhu kuzobeka umquba omuhle womanyolo phansi kwawo: ama-humus namaminerali amaminerali ahlanganiswe nenhlabathi evundile. Njengoba ugcwalise le ngxube phansi komgodi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumboza ngenhlabathi elula, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuthi ungashisi izimpande zenzalo ngesikhathi sokutshala.
• Ukulinganisa kufakwe emgodini ngokujulile kangangokuba umgqa wayo wempande uzoba ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Uma umgodi uhlanzekile, ungayiphakamisa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngisho no-5 cm. Ukucwilisa umvini wezithelo zomvini kufanele kube ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane, uzama ukulimaza izimpande, kodwa ungashiyi ama-airbags eduze nezimpande zawo. Ngakho-ke, uma ugoba umgodi uhhafu kuphela, kunconywa ukuthi uthele ibhakede lamanzi bese uqedela inqubo.
• Njengoba utshale isithombo samagilebhisi sithelelwa ngamabhakede amabili amanzi (kuye ngokuthi unomswakama womhlabathi) futhi uchithe umhlabathi owuzungezayo.
• Ngenkathi inhlabathi ingavamile, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukusekela okuqinile eduze kwe-sapling. Kuzokuvumela ukuba uqondise ukukhula komvini ngendlela ofuna ngayo.
Ungabamba kanjani umvini "i-Veles" esitokisini esidala?
Ukuze ube ne-graft graft efrift graft, udinga ukukhetha isithombo esihle nesitoreji esihle. Isiqu sivuna kusuka emvinini waseVeles futhi kumele senziwe (le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba ugcine umswakama kuwo isikhathi eside). Ingxenye engezansi ye-cutting kumele ikhwekwe ngendwangu, ekhonza njengesisekelo sokuqothulwa kwayo okuhle. Futhi, ingxenye yokunqunywa igcinwe emanzini nasesixazululweni sokwenza izimpande ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.
Esikhathini esinqunyiwe kahle ngemuva kokususa isihlahla kanye nesitokwe esidala esahlukanisiwe, isiqu sifakwa kuphela engxenyeni ehlutshiwe. Emva kwalokhu, isitokisi sinamathele kakhulu ngosizo lwendwangu noma idayisi. Uma isitokwe sikhulu - ukusika okungaphezu kweyodwa kungafakwa kuwo. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama esitokisini nakwe-cuttings, kunconywa ukumboza isayithi le-inoculation ngobumba obumanzi nokumboza.
Ngokufushane mayelana nezici zokunakekela amagilebhisi "i-Veles"
Ukukhula okuhle kwehlathi kanye nokwakheka kwesivuno, amagilebhisi adinga umswakama okuningi. Akudingekile ukuba amanzi amaningi asetshenziswe kaningi, ngoba unesimiso esiqinile sempande futhi uyakwazi "ukukhipha" umswakama ovela emhlabathini owodwa. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezinqubo zemifino ezithintekayo kakhulu zokunisela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:
• Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqhakaza emvinini
• Ngaphambi kokubhakaza
• Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamagilebhisi kuma-peas.
Ukwenza ukuchelela kuphumelele kakhudlwana, benza esinye isenzo esibalulekile: baxubha umhlabathi oseduze nomvini. Ngaphandle kokugcina umswakama okhuphukeni, umswakama usebenza njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-mulch enhle kakhulu enobunzima obunenkani futhi obumnyama, ama-moss ehlathini, ama-peat kanye nama-humus, okwathi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, aqhekeze futhi agcwalise umhlabathi ngamagilebhisi anomsoco.
Kuyinto enhle yokwenza ungqimba lwe-mulch mayelana no-centimeters amathathu ukuze ungathinteli ukungena emoyeni emhlabathini.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana namagilebhisi we-autdkormku ekwindla
Kodwa, i-mulch ayikwazi ukwanelisa zonke izidingo zesitshalo samagilebhisi ukuze igqoke phezulu, ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile i-humus, i-potassium ne-phosphorus kumele ifakwe enhlabathini yokumba noma njengesisombululo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukucwilisa ngokweqile kungalimaza amagilebhisi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isihlahla somvini sivuthiwe. Ukudubula akugcini nje kukuvumela ukuthi udale isimo esifanele esihlahleni, kodwa isishukumisi esihle sokwandisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo. Ngokuba isihlahla samavini "iVeles" isusa ngokugcwele cishe izimbobo ezingu-6-8. Shiya ngaphandle kwemikhono engu-4. Ngethuba lama-frosts aqinile, unciphise umvini ungaba namandla. Kanti futhi izingxenye zomvini ezidayisiwe futhi ezimele, ezisuswe ngokuphelele futhi zishiswe.
Sesivele sikhulume ngenhla ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika. Ngamahlumela amancane kuphela, kulula ukufeza lo msebenzi: ungasebenzisa i-valve epulasitiki ngesisekelo esiqongile noma esinye isitsha esikhulu ngaphandle kwesisekelo. Ibekwe ngaphezu kwensimu futhi ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nenhlabathi kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Izihlahla ezinkulu nezindala zigcwele ifilimu, okuvela kuyo into efana nomhubhe. Futhi, ngenxa yamahlathi asebusika ase-shtamb njengesikhwama sembozwe obukhulu.
Kusukela ekunqothulweni kwezifo ezifisa ukulimaza ukuvikela isihlahla samavini kuvumela ukuchithwa okhethekile, okwenziwa ngonyaka we-prophylactically. Imvamisa yokupoppa okunjalo kufanele ibe okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka (ingenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuphuzisa). Ukubulala amagciwane ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukufafaza, kodwa kungcono ukukhetha lo muthi ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwesifo esizokwenza ukulwa nalo kuphumelele kakhulu.
