Izithelo zomvini ziyisiko esikhethekile, esidliwa hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungiselela ama-dessert, ama-saladi, ama-compotes, ama-juice, futhi-ke, zonke izinhlobo zewayini.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalesi siko. Zihlukile ukunambitheka, umbala wamajikijolo nobubanzi besicelo.
Ukunambitha, amagilebhisi ahlukaniswe abe ajwayelekile, ama-solanaceous, nutmeg kanye nesabel.
I-berry yamagilebhisi inothile kakhulu kuma-acids e-organic, ama-vithamini B namaminerali. Lesi siko kuyinzuzo enkulu yokwelapha. Kuyasiza ukwelapha isifo sezinso, isifo senhliziyo, ngisho nesifo se-asthma.
I-Berry isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-cosmetology. Futhi ijusi lamagilebhisi lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-migraine, ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela kanye nokuvimbela ukukhathala okungapheli.
Kudiza elivuthiwe livini elihlotshisiwe noma igceke lendlu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ezinye izimfihlo zokulima. Inqubo yokutshala ibalulekile izitshalo eziningi, futhi lokhu kusebenza nasemvinini.
Izici zokuzikhethela kwe-cuttings
Ukuze isivuno sevini sijabulele ukuvuna amajikijolo kanye nomthunzi omuhle womvini oluhlaza iminyaka eminingi, kubalulekile ukucacisa uhlobo lwesitshalo othanda kakhulu ukunambitha kwakho, futhi okungcono kakhulu ukukhula esifundeni sakho.
Bred zomvini kusuka imbewu kanye vegetatively. Kusukela kumbewu, izitshalo zamagilebhisi ezintsha zitshalwe kuphela ngabalimi ngenkathi kuzaliswa izinhlobo ezintsha, nokusakazwa kwemifino kufanelekile kithi.
Kuneziningana izindlela zezitshalo Isiko samagilebhisi:
- ukutshala ama-cuttings
- igatsha lenduku
- indlela yokuxhunyelelwa
Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwemifino, yonke inkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo zesitshalo somama igcinwa esitshalweni. Le ndlela isekelwe ekubukisweni okuhle kakhulu kokuvuselelwa kwalesi siko.
Lesi sici siyisici kuzo zonke izingxenye zomvini: izimpande, neziqu, nama-petioles amaqabunga, nemilenze ye-inflorescences namajikijolo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amagilebhisi ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele, uphulukisa amanxeba namaqabunga ngemuva kokulimazwa yiqhwa lasebusika.
Kodwa ukukhula isihlahla esisha kunokwenzeka kuphela kusuka kwingxenye yomvini wamagilebhisi lapho kukhona ihlumela. Kulokhu amahlumela aphikisiwe, emva kwalokho isitshalo esinjalo sinqanyelwe, silungele ukufika.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwethenjwa ezithembekile zokukhula kwamagilebhisi. Futhi uma uchitha ezinye zazo, khona-ke isitshalo esitshalwe siyoba isihlahla esihle ngasekupheleni kwehlobo elizayo.
Into eyinhloko ukuthi lapho kuvuna isiqu, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela umvini, okufanele uvuthiwe ngokuphelele, cishe u-1-1.2 m ubude, no-6-10 mm ububanzi. Ngokubukeka, isilinganiso sesilinganiso esiphezulu se-trunk kuya engxenyeni yaso, esifanele ukusika umvini, kufanele kube okungenani ezimbili. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ahlasele lapho egobile. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqubuka kwamafayibha.
Ukukhetha imivini yokusika ama-cuttings, akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi lokhu kuthinta ukusinda kwenqubo, nokuthola isihlahla esihle ngenxa yalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unqume umvini kufanele ulungiselelwe kahle ukutshala.
Ukulungiselela ukusika kokutshala
Ekufikeni kwanoma yimuphi umkhuba uthatha amafathoms kuphela enempilo. Lo mthetho usebenza kumagilebhisi.
Ukunqunywa kwempande ekunqunyeni okunempilo kuyohlale kusemhlophe, futhi kusihlomelo sonyaka owodwa kuyoba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-cuttings eme akufanele athule uma ecindezelwe. Ukutshala isobho esisha akuvumelekile.
Uma isithombo samagilebhisi singakulungiswa kahle, singafa. Amahlumela ayafa lapho kwenzeka ukungenwa ngokwanele kwemoya kanye nokubola kwabo ngenxa yalokho, kanye nasesikhathini sokuntuleka komswakama nokuma.
Umvini uthathe ukusika ukuze ubukhulu bawo bungaphansi kobunzima bomunwe omncane - lokhu kungaba ngu-7 mm, ubude buhambisana no-30-40 cm. Kumele kube namahlumela amathathu noma amane esibambini. Ukusika akufanele kunqunywe isikhathi eside, njengoba lokhu kuzophoqelela umsebenzi olandelayo nayo. Ukusika iziqu akubambe isikhathi eside emoyeni nasendaweni efudumele.
Ukunquma kwamagilebhisi unqunywe ngommese obukhali kakhulu noma i-razor. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ukuze ingxenye engezansi yesiqephu iseduze neleso, elisezantsi, futhi ingxenye engenhla itholakala ngo-2-3 cm ngaphezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, isithasiselo esilungisiwe sifakwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze ungene emanzini ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa.
Khona-ke, isigaba sokusika, esivela phezulu, singene eparafini ecibilikile imizuzwana embalwa, futhi ukuphela okuphansi kokusika kunikwa isisombululo nesithuthukisi sokwanda kwamanye amahora angu-24. Ngemva kokufeza zonke lezi zinqubo, ukusika kungatshala emgodini olungiselelwe.
I-Cuttings ekwindla ingashiywa kuze kube sehlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, ziboshwe ezigciniwe ngakho-ke zigcinwa esiteji, noma ziphonsa emgodini, ngenkathi zimbozwa utshani. Ngakho amabhandets overwinter kuze kube kwentwasahlobo.
Yimuphi umhlabathi ofanele ukutshala
Izihlahla zomvini zingakhula ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Kodwa, uma unesithakazelo ekuvuneni okuhle, nakwekhwalithi ethile yejusi ne-wort yalesi sitshalo, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela inhlabathi futhi uyilungiselele kahle ukutshala.
Udinga ukwazi lokho Izinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi siko zithanda inhlabathi ehlukile. Isibonelo, uma kunezinhlobonhlobo zetafula, kuyadingeka ukhethe indawo enyaweni yentaba, lapho inhlabathi yonke inomhlabathi ocebile, futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba atholakala ku-3 m.
Amagilebhisi akhula kakhulu emhlabathini nasemhlabathini omnyama, othole kakhulu imisebe yelanga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emvinini amanzi aphethwe futhi ifomu lamahhala, futhi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zemifino, lesi silinganiso sishintsha.
Emhlabathini oguqulwayo, izimpande zesitshalo azikhuli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen enhlabathini enjalo. Ngakho-ke, indawo lapho i-shrub ikhula khona kulesi siko kumele ivame ukukhululwa futhi ihlanganiswe.
Ehlobo elishisayo, umhlaba umisiwe ukukhululeka, kodwa kuyimfuneko kumathamini.
Ukungathinti kahle isitshalo samagilebhisi futhi simile, eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba (ukujula okungaphansi kwe-1.5 m). Kulokhu, inhlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala mahhala emoyeni ezimpandeni zesitshalo, kukhululiwe. Kuhle ukuthi ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi kufaka inhlabathi evulekile, i-low carbon-carbonate noma i-carbonate, kanye nenhlabathi yomhlabathi.
Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwamajikijolo kubonisa izithelo zomvini ezikhulayo emhlabathini okhanyayo onesihlabathi. Futhi ukukhula kwamahlumela kubonakala kunamandla emhlathini ekhula emhlabathini omnyama noma enhlabathini ebomvu.
Okuhle kakhulu isiko samagilebhisi cabanga ngomhlabathi olulaokuvame ukufudumala kahle. Lokhu kungaba umhlabathi onesihlabathi, i-sierozem, inhlabathi ekhanyayo nelomnyama.
Kodwa-ke, uma engadini, inhlabathi isalokhu isindayo, bese uyilungiselela ukutshala amagilebhisi, isihlabathi, amatshe, i-silt, isitini esiqhekekile, noma enye imifucumfucu nomquba, osevele uhamba phambili. Inhlabathi yelinesi yesayithi ilungiselelwe ukutshala isivuno samagilebhisi ngokunisela kakhulu umhlaba ehlobo nasekwindla, kulandelwa amanzi.
Akusiluleka ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha esakhiweni sesivini esidala. Ukutshala amagilebhisi amancane endaweni enjalo kungakapheli iminyaka emibili noma emithathu emva kokuphulukisa omdala.
Ungalimi izithelo zomvini ezindaweni ezihamba kahle, phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla, nakulezo zindawo ezihlale zifiphele. Umvini awubekezeleli zonke izinhlobo zokuthungwa lapho kubanda khona.
Okufanele kakhulu ukutshala amagilebhisi ama-slope aseNingizimu eningizimu ngegeleza elihle kakhulu lomoya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ivaliwe imimoya ebandayo. Kudingeka ukubeka amagilebhisi ngendlela yokuthi ezinye izitshalo aziphazamisi ukukhula kwawo, futhi ungatshali lesi sitshalo eduze nemifula efuna ukuchelela njalo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba ngamagilebhisi kwenziwa ngomphumela omuhle ekwindla. Lo mcimbi ubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhetha indawo yokufika. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulungiswa komhlaba ngamagilebhisi yi-plantazh. Lena indlela ngesikhathi umhlaba esakhiweni ishintshwe ngokuphelele, kanti inhlabathi isetshenziselwa futhi ifakwe umanyolo.
Izithelo zomvini ufake isiqondiso eseningizimu nenyakatho. Ukufika, amathanga akhethekile alungiswa, ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubhalwe ububanzi buka-80-100 cm. Lapho umba amathanga, umhlaba uhlakazeka ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
Ama-fertilizer amaminerali nama-humus ahlanganiswe nenhlabathi abekwe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Ngisho emgodini wengeze itshe elikhulu elichotshoziwe, eliphinde lixubane nomhlabathi osuvele usondliwe. Khona-ke umsele ugcwala ngokugcwele nenhlabathi nama-humus nge-rubble, kuyilapho kungekho tshe elichotshoziwe lengezwe phezulu kwendlalelo ye-powder.
Iya ekuthumeni
Ukutshala izithelo zomvini kuwumsebenzi obuhlungu kakhulu futhi obunzima, obuthonya kakhulu ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo esincane. Ngaphandle kwenhlabathi yokutshala kanye nendawo lapho izokhula khona, kubalulekile ukunquma isikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi, kanye nokukhumbula ezinye izimfihlo kanye nezici zokutshala uqobo.
Amagilebhisi etshalwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Izithombo zonyaka, ezinzima, ezihlwanyelwe phakathi kwentwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli - Meyi), izitshalo ezihlaza ezihlaza ezihlaza zitshalo zitshalwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo (ngoMeyi-Juni). Ekwindla, amagilebhisi atshalwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kufike umkhathi wokuqala womhlabathi.
Uma utshala amagilebhisi ekuwa, kumele zilungiselelwe kahle ukubusika. Kulokhu:
- Gcoba ngebhokisi lepulasitiki elisikiwe
- waphuza amanzi (3-4 amabhakede)
- emva kwalokho kukhululekile emhlabeni
Ngaphambi kokufika kwesithwathwa, amagilebhisi ahlanganiswe nezinaliti zephayini, i-sawdust noma i-peat, futhi wonke umgodi wokufika ugcwele. Ukuvikela isitshalo esincane bese usebenzise umhlaba ojwayelekile, ogcwele umgodi wokutshala, bese wenza emhlabathini I-30 cm ubude obude.
Isiqu esitshalwe ekwindla sinamandla kanye nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwempande. Lokhu kuzovumela ngonyaka ozayo isitsha sokuthi sizenze sibe yisihlahla esihle.
Amathiphu okufika
Amagilebhisi kakhulu ayithandi frost nokubandayo. Izimpande zalesi sitshalo zingakwazi ukuqeda kakade ekushiseni kwe--5 - 7 degrees. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuneqhwa elijulile lenhlabathi, kutuswa ukuba kwenziwe ngokujulile ukutshala izithombo, noma ukwenza inoculation of izinhlobo ezikhulayo Arctic noma Buytur.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezinjalo kunconywa ukutshala endaweni lapho iqhwa elikhulu liqoqa khona izinyathelo zokugcina zasebusika noma zeqhwa.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayalwa ukuba batshale ama-cuttings, bajulise ingxenye engezansi ye-seedling ngo-30-35 cm noma 40-50 cm emhlabathini, kuye ngokuthi ukufudumala kwenhlabathi entwasahlobo nokunyuka kwayo, futhi uma kwenzeka ukutshala ukusika, endaweni lapho kungekho khona iqhwa ebusika, futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi. Lokhu kuzovimbela i-rhizome yokuqandisa amadiribe.
Ukwakha izimo ezihle zokuqothula, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba ukusika kuncike emgodini wokufika, wathululelwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo. Izitshalo zokutshala zithatha izimpande ezifinyelele ngamasentimitha amathathu.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokutshala izihlahla:
- ukufika nge-tilt
- ukufika ngokuqondile
Ngokuvamile abathandi basebenzisa ukufika nge-slope.
Ukutshala isitshalo samagilebhisi ngokuhambisana nephethini nge-slope, izimpande esibambini azikantshi, kodwa kufanele zithathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubude bezingcambu zingekho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm. Uma usebenzisa iphethini lokutshala ngokuqondile, izimpande ezingaphezu kwe-node yesibili ziyakunqunywa.
Ukutshala ama-cuttings amaningi emgqeni ofanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo alingaphansi kwe-2-2.3 m, naphakathi kwemigqa - 2.5-3 m. Izinhlobo ezinqanyelwe ukushisa nezikhukhula kufanele zitshalwe ngokwahlukana.
I-plane kanye nezindiza ezimbili zithatha trellis imigqa yamahlathi kanye namanzi abo asezindaweni zasemuva itholakala enyakatho nasenyakatho. Uma ukutshala kwamagilebhisi kusetshenziswe i-trellis nge-visor, mpo, imigqa nezinsizakalo zisempumalanga-ntshonalanga.
Ngalokhu kuhlwanyela, wonke amashidi amagilebhisi awela ngaphansi kwelanga, futhi lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni kanye ne-photosynthesis.
Ungase futhi utshale ama-cuttings ayingqayizivele - ngezinsizakalo ezihlukene, noma emigqeni - ngokusekelwa okufanayo. Ukuzibandakanya phakathi kwehlathi kuyenzeka kuye ngezici ezithile ezihlukahlukene noma ezihlukahlukene, futhi kufana ne-1.5-2.5 m.
Umgodi wamagilebhisi ulungiselelwe usebenzisa izindlela ezintathu:
- ngaphansi kwesikhumba,
- ukumba imigodi ngobukhulu 60 × 80 cm,
- isitshalo lilimala 60-70 cm ejulile
Ukujula komgodi, kwi-chernozem, ye-cuttings, kwenziwa ngamasentimitha angu-60, emhlabathini ompofu, 1 m. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusika kuhlwanyelwe ukuze insimu enkulu emva kokutshala ibe yi-5-6 cm ngaphansi komngcele ohlangothini lomgodi. ukukhula kwesihlahla esihlahleni ngaphezu komhlabathi. Iphethini lokufika libonakala ngokucacile kulo mfanekiso ngezansi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-rhizome yamagilebhisi ikhula ngokushesha futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala amahlumela alo masiko eduze komunye nomunye akuthandeki.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala izivini ekuwa.
Ukuhamba ngemva kokufika
Ngemuva kokuphuma phansi, umhlabathi owenziwe emgodini kufanele uhlanganiswe ngokugubha, futhi imifula elandelayo kufanele ithululelwe kakhulu ngamanzi, futhi igcwaliswe phansi emhlabathini. Uma ama-cuttings awazange afakwe efrijini ngaphambili futhi isimo sezulu kuleyo ndawo sinomile ngokwanele, i-hilling engapheli yamahlumela yenziwa ngaphambi kokusuka kokuqala, kanti i-shkuku ithuliswa ngokunamandla, ngezikhathi ezithile ikhulula inhlabathi.
Kusadingeka ukuthi kuqaphe ukuvela kokhula, okukhishwa kalula. Uma kudingekile futhi yenza isipuni ngesiphakamiso esibuthakathaka esingu-1% se-Bordeaux utshwala.
Noma yimuphi umhlabathi uvame ukhathala. Lokhu kwenzeka nezwe lesivinini, uma ungenzi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ekudleni nasekukhuliseni inhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, benza ushintsho kwezitshalo kwisayithi, futhi bakhiqiza ukuphumula kwenhlabathi nokuhlwanyela ukuxuba utshani.
Ukusuka ekukhathaleni komhlabathi kuzosindisa inhlabathi engumanyolo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-rhizome yenkambiso yokunisela kahle. Kulesi simo, kunesibopho samatyeki, futhi u-1-2 ukhululeka ngaphansi kwezihlahla zonyaka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuguqula izendlalelo zomhlaba nokuguqula isikhwama semvelo.
Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala (iminyaka engama-2-3) kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni okuhle nokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwamagilebhisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo sehlathi elincane. Ngemuva kokukhula ku-5-8 cm ubude, amasiko amahlumela aphelile, beshiya ama-1-2 amahlumela esibambini.
Baphinde baphathe katarovka ejwayelekile, okubandakanya ukususwa kwezingcambu zomhlaba. Kusukela ekwindla kuze kube sebusika, amahlathi ahlanganiswe nezinto ezifakiwe.
