Abaqaphi balesi siphuzo esihle badinga ukuthi ukunambitheka, umbala kanye nephunga elimnandi lewayini lixhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi.
Ukuvakashela iwayini ukunambitheka, ungakwazi isipiliyoni ngokugcwele ezihlukahlukene ukunambitheka nezinzuzo zamagilebhisi obomvu noma omhlophe.
Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukucabangela izinhlobo zewayini ezithandwa kakhulu kulesi siko, ukuze inzuzo yakho ithole umphumela olindelekile.
"Chardonnay" - izihlukahlukene eziyinhloko zokulungiselela iwayini elikhazimulayo
Ubani ongajwayelekile ngalezi zihlukahlukene zeminqumo yamhlophe? Igama layo elihle kakhulu elibizwa ngeChardonnav lithatha izimpande zalo eBurgundy naseChampagne. Futhi ifilimu "D, artanyan kanye namaMusketeers amathathu" iyakhumbula ngokushesha. Amawayini avela ku-"Chardonnay" anesithakazelo samabanga aphezulu naphezulu, asevele abonakaliswe ohlelweni lokulungiselela isiphuzo.
Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela, kungaba njengokukhanya, nephunga lezithelo ezimhlophe, izimbali ze-citrus nezimbali, kanye nocebile, ushukela, ngokunambitheka uju noma ama-sweet pastries.
Abaqashi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathi lesi sivini siphelele kuzo zonke izici zokwenza iwayini, ngenxa yalo amajikijolo ahlukaniswa ukuphikiswa kwabo emathonyeni ahlukahlukene. Akwenzeki ukwenza isiphuzo esibi kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
Ukutshala izithombo zomvini kufanele ziqale noma entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Isimo esiyinhloko entwasahlobo kumele sibe ngumfudumala omuhle womhlaba nokushisa okufudumele komoya, futhi ekwindla - ukuqala kwamaqhwa kuqala, ukuze isihlahla esitshalwe singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo zangaphandle.
Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa I-Chardonnay ingabalelwa kumabanga okuqala, izinsuku ezingu-130 kuya kwezingu-150 kuphela ngaphansi kweCAT 2800 C - 3200 C.
Umvini ukhula phakathi no-September. Ngakho-ke, ngokutshala kwayo kungcono ukhethe izifunda ngezikhathi ezincane zokukhula nemvula encane ekwindla, ngaphandle kwalokho umvini uzolimazwa yi-frosts ebuyela emuva.
Ukulibazisa ukuvuthwa, kwezinye izindawo, umvini ugoqwa emva kwezinso zivuleokwenza ukucindezeleka okuthile ehlathini kanye nezinsuku ezingu-14 kunciphisa inqubo yokuvuthwa.
I-Chardonnay ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi. Ubuningi obukhulu bamajikijolo bungu-3g, kanti ubukhulu besilinganiso se-180g. Inani lamahlumela athelayo emahlathini angama-52%.
Amawayini avela ku-Chardonnay ahlukahlukene anesithakazelo nama-flavour. Kuye ngendlela yokulungiselela, uzothola amanothi oju, i-vanilla, izimbali ezimhlophe, i-marzipan, i-pear, i-mango, i-ananas noma i-honeysuckle. Njengoba kunikezwe isikhathi eside kulewayini kubonakala sengathi kune-hazelnut nezithelo ezomisiwe.
Lapho upheka iwayini emiphongolweni ye-oak - enambithekeni evezwe amanothi ebhotela, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-asidi enama-butter, kanye nesinkwa sokuthosiwe. Imiphongolo ye-Oak ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni lolu hlobo lwewayini.
Ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo kuncike endaweni yokukhula kwe-oki, ubudala nobubanzi bayo, kanye nezinga layo lokugaya. Ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwewayini, i-oak chips yengezwa ku-wort yokuvutshelwa.
Iwayini eliphekwe lilungele ukudliwa masinyane, kodwa kungcono ukuvumela ukuba bamele okungenani iminyaka emihlanu, kepha hhayi okungaphezu kuka-30.
Iwayini elidala egumbini lizohambisana nephunga lama-cream, ama-hazelnuts nama-oriental izinongo.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi evundile, kubalulekile ukunikeza izindawo eziningi kunokujwayelekile emhlathini ngamunye ukutshala ukuze umvini kufanele uvule ukukhanya kwelanga kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi ungabanjwanga izihlahla noma izihlahla ezitshaliwe.
Ukuze ukhethe isayithi lokufika, ubumba, umhlabathi we-limestone noma u-chalky ukhethwa. Uma utshala ezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu, amawayini avela eChardonnay ayenawo aphansi futhi aphansi, futhi uma amajikijolo avuthiwe endaweni ebandayo, isiphuzo sibonakala nge-acidity ephezulu.
Isilinganiso se-Frost ukumelana ne-Chardonnay. Imivini yamagilebhisi ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa ephansi -20 ° C. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezikude zokukhula, lezi zivini kufanele zivikeleke ebusika, futhi emazweni aseningizimu, ubusika kahle ngokwanele ngaphandle kokugxila.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihambelana kahle nanoma yiziphi izimo, kodwa zikhetha kancane ngokubunjwa kwamaminerali omhlabathi. Uma engumuntu ompofu, angeke abe nomphumela omuhle ngekhwalithi yamagilebhisi.
Ngeshwa, iChardonnay inamandla kakhulu, i-gray mold, i-leafworm ne-oidium, ehlinzeka ngokuvikelwa njalo komvini. Ibuye ikwazi ukulimala ngamathikithi. Amahlumela esitshalo esitshalwe kahle avuthwe kahle. Ukwakhiwa komvini kungcono kwenziwe i-shtambovo, ne-large supply of amahlumela okuphela. Ukudubula kwenziwa nge-4 efihlekile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "Bianca" ("Bianco")
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezimhlophe zivela eHungary. Isilinganiso soshukela ne-asidi emanzini kulungile ngokwanele ebangeni lobuchwepheshe - 28-7%. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-Bianca ihlose izinga eliphakeme ekulungiseleleni kwanoma yiliphi iwayini elimhlophe, kusukela ku-dessert elimnandi elimnandi ukuze lime ngokuqukethwe okuphuza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bianca isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-brandy utshwala kanye nevinika yamagilebhisi.
Eningizimu yeRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus, sekuvele kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ukutshala iBananca ekupheleni kukaMashi. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi iyashisa ku-+8 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokushisa lansuku zonke lifinyelela ku-+10 ° C. Emgwaqeni ophakathi, isikhathi esihle sokutshala sizoba phakathi no-Ephreli - isigamu sokuqala sikaMeyi.
Uma utshalwa ekwindla, isimo sezulu esifundeni kufanele sithathwe. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono ngo-Okthoba, lapho umvini usuvele ulahlile emaqabunga, inhlabathi ayinamanzi amaningi futhi iqhwa lokuqala lisesekude.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa yi-Bianca ezihlukahlukene zakudala. EBuban, ungakwazi ukuvuna ngo-Agasti.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Bianca zinezithelo eziphakeme kakhulu futhi zithela. Ngesitshalo esisodwa esincane esisikiwe, ukuzala kuyona ephezulu futhi kwenza ama-83% amahlumela athelayo. Njengoba ibanga elikhulayo phakathi kwamahlathi, isivuno sinciphile izikhathi ezimbili.
Pulp I-Bianchi impela elimnandi nelomnandi. Izimpawu zokudla zewayini zivumelana futhi zigcwele, ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yokukhula futhi zingaba namanothi avela ezimbali, okungajwayelekile kunezinyosi nge-tinge enobucwebe.
Uma ukutshala izihlahla zaseBianchi kungafakwa ngokuqinile. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo lamukeleka 0.5-0.7m, futhi phakathi kwemigqa 1.5-2m. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukutshala ama-cuttings ngokususwa kwesitsha esincane. Isitshalo esinjalo sizothola izithelo kahle iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Izici ukunakekelwa. Bianca ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ezinqabile zamaqhwa. Umvini uyakwazi ukumelana kuze kube ku-27 C, okuyinto eyenza lula ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika. Umthwalo wamehlo ungabonakala ulinganiselwe (cishe ama-3 amehlo ngesikhathi sokusika). Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ngokwanele ezifweni eziningi ze-fungal, ngakho-ke zidinga ukwelashwa okuncane okuvimbela.
"Regent" - uhlobo oluhle lwewayini lewayini
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Regent zivela eJalimane, lapho zakhiwe khona ngo-1967. Uhluke kumbala omnyama nompephu wamajikijolo nojuiciness omuhle. EJalimane, iwayini lewayini elivuthiwe lenziwa kulo mvini. Umvini unamandla okuvimbela ukuvimbela. Ama-cluster anesisindo esingama-300g, ama-cylindrical and medium asayizi.
Ayikho impendulo engacacile yombuzo lapho kunenzuzo yokutshala amagilebhisi. Inzuzo yokutshala entwasahlobo, yisikhathi eside esilula ukuqinisa isithombo, ikakhulukazi uma sitheleleke ngesikhunta noma ukubola.
Izinsuku zokutshala zandiswa kusukela maphakathi no-Mashi kuze kube sehlobo, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu esifundeni. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla, inkathi ekhulayo ikhuliswa kakhulu, inkinga yokugcina izithombo ezilungiselelwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokuqasha umvini omncane ebusika.
Ngokusho kokuvuthwa, kungokwezinhlobo eziphakathi kwesikhathi (cishe izinsuku ezingu-135-140).
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu. Inani lamahlumela athelayo emahlathini angama-80%, kanti isibalo samabhande ngamaphuzu angu-1.4.
Ukunambitheka kwama-berries ama-Regent kuvumelana namanothi we-herbal. Kuzo iwayini lekilasi eliphakeme liphuma. AmaJalimane awubeka ezingeni nePinot Noir. Ngenxa yamanani amaningi amathangi esiphuzo, amawayini e-Regent ane-flavour ecebile yaseningizimu.
I-Pink - idume ngephunga elimnandi lama-raspberries nezithelo zasehlobo, nombala omnyama obomvu obomvu nobukhulu besiphuzo. Ngokuya ngobudala bokuguga, ikhwalithi yeliwayini kuphela ithuthukisa.
Izici ezihlukile uma utshalwa amagilebhisi eRentent no. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukusondela kwendawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi, uma kunesidingo, ubeke amanzi amanzi phansi phansi emgodini wokufika.
Inketho engcono kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu ifika emaphethelweni, noma emthambekeni. Ngakho, amagilebhisi azokhanyiswa ngokukhanya kwelanga ngokulinganayo. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kungcono ukukhula umvini eduze nodonga.
Ngakho amahlumela amagilebhisi azothola ukushisa okungekho ematshe atshisayo. Ukwakha isihlahla kuvunyelwe noma yiliphi ivolumu ephakathi. Umthwalo emvinini ungaba kusuka ephakathi kuya kwekhulu.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziphikisana kakhulu neqhwa futhi ziphikisana namazinga okushisa ebusika afike ku -27 ° C, engadingi izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokumboza ekwindla.
Kuphikisana kahle ne-mildew, i-gray gray, i-oidium, i-phylloxera. Kukhona izivini lapho i-Regent ikhule khona ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali nezifo, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ohlanzekile.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomvini oviniwe.
"I-Pinot Noir" - enye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu
Izwe lakubo, njengoChardonnay, yiBurgundy. Amaqoqo kuncane kakhulu, kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-12 cm ubude, futhi kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 cm ububanzi, isakhiwo se-conic cylindrical noma cylindrical.
Amajikijolo angaba ngu-15mm ububanzi, obumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-bloom bluish. Isikhumba sinomzimba omncane, kodwa sihlala siqinile. Inyama iyamanzi, inhle futhi ithambile. Ijusi lingenambala. Ukunambitheka kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuvumelanisiwe.
Isici esikhethekile sezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zePinot Noir ukuma kwamaqabunga awo - zihlukaniswa ngokuchotshozeka okukhulu kanye nokusikeka okubanzi okuvulekile.
Isikhathi sokutshala lezi zihlukahlukene akufani nezezinye izinhlobo. I-Pinot Noir amagilebhisi angaba umhlaba njengentwasahlobo (Mashi 15 - Meyi 15), ngakho ekwindla (ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba).
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi yizinhlobo eziseduze. Isikhathi saso sokuvuthwa sinezinyanga ezingaba ngu-5 nengxenye nge-SAT 3000 C. Ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwalesi sivini kuza ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba.
I-Pinot Noir ibucayi kakhulu ezimweni zokufika. Uma isivini sikhula esimweni esishisa, lesi sigaba sizoba nesivinini ngokushesha, singavumeli ukuthi izimbali zikhule.
Ukuthela I-Pinot noyena hhayi phezulu - kuphela ngo-55 c / ha. Kodwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle nokunakekelwa, ingafinyelela ku 103 c / ha. Inani lamahlumela athelayo esihlahleni lisuka ku-60 kuya ku-90%. Inani lezinhlanzi ezitshalweni ezivuthiwe liba ngu-1.6, futhi ku-shootout ethuthukayo - 0.9.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zikhiqiza amawayini amhlophe, ama-rosé noma ama-red - itafula futhi ekhanyayo, enephunga elincane noma elicebile, elinomsoco noma elimnandi. Akunakwenzeka ngisho nangomunye wabadlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi babikezele kusengaphambili ukuthi kuzoba yini uhlobo lokunambitheka okuphuzwayo, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo akunakulinganiswa kakhulu.
Eminyakeni ephumelelayo, iwayini lePinot Noir libizwa ngokuthi lihle kakhulu, elinokungcebeleka futhi elimnandi. Zingenye yewayini elibizayo kakhulu elivezwe kahle, kubafundi beqiniso abanambitha.
Ukukhetha isikhathi, kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo sezulu esifundeni kanye nekhwalithi yokutshala impahla. Lapho ukutshala emva kwesikhathi, emva kokuphela kwezikhathi eziphakanyisiwe, izithombo zikhula kahle futhi zile ngemuva kokukhula. Futhi, uma utshalwe enhlabathini yamanzi, amagilebhisi angafa.
I-Pinot noyena iphendula ngokungathandeki ekusizeni okuphansi futhi okuphansiNgakho-ke, ukubeka isivini, kunconywa ukuba ukhethe amathafaza amancane ngehlabathi elomile elincomekayo elibala.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zinamaphesenti aphansi ekuphefumuleni nase-oidium, futhi kuya ekuboleni kwempunga futhi inundu yembewu iphakeme. Ngokunqotshwa kwezimpande ze-phylloxera, isihlahla somvini sifa iminyaka engama-6-8 emva kokutshala, ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zidinga ukuphathwa ngezifo nezinambuzane.
Akusiyo emelene neqhwa (lingakwazi ukumelana kuze kube ku--20 ° C), kodwa uma kwenzeka amaqhwa entwasahlobo aqinile, umonakalo ocelli oyinhloko kungenzeka. Kulesi simo, amahlumela avela emahlathini afanelekile. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuba ubuyisele isivuno ngonyaka ozayo. Lapho ukhiqiza umvini ushiya ama-2-3 peepholes.
"Saperavi" - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasendulo ezivela eGeorgia enelanga
Amajikijolo ama-Stereravi aphakathi nendawo amakhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-gray wax. Isikhumba sincane, futhi inyama ingcono kakhulu i-pink enomuthi. Ukuguga kuduma okuhle. Ukushisa okukhulayo ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Isilinganiso sesisindo sesisindo sinama-150g. Iqukethe ifomu elihlelekile, ngezinye izikhathi elingavamile, elihlanganisiwe noma elivulekile.
Iwayini eliphekwe libala umbala omnyama inambitheka embi futhi iphunga elingavamilengakho-ke kudinga ukuchayeka isikhathi eside.
Njengoba izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zembulwa ngokuqondile lapho zitshalwe ezindaweni ezifudumele, entwasahlobo zingatshala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, kanti ekutheni - zingatshalwa kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba.
Ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziseduzengoba inkathi ekhulayo yinyanga ezinhlanu. Isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphuka kwephunga kuya ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwamajikijolo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-CAT ze-3000 C cishe ngezinsuku ezingu-150.
Umkhiqizo we-Saperavi ungama-80-100 c / ha.
I-juice ekuqaleni iqukethe inani eliningi kakhulu le-acids, okuvame ukugcinwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa nokuguga, okunika ukunambitheka okunzima kwiwayini elincane. Ngesikhathi eside esivela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kwezingama-30, ikhwalithi yewayini ithuthukisa. Iqala ukuvela ukunambitheka okumnandi, ama-aromas okusajingijolo nezithelo ezomisiwe.
Saperavi ukukhuthazela okuphawulekayo kanye nekhono lokukhula enhlabathini ehlukene. Kodwa, futhi, ayibekezelelanga isomiso nezindawo ezinezinyosi, i-saline noma inhlabathi engaphezulu. Awubekezeleli ukufika okukhululekile.
Ikhwalithi yewayini evela eSaperavi ixhomeke kakhulu endaweni yokukhula kwayo. Ezimweni ezifudumele kuphela izithelo zamagilebhisi zingagcina ushukela. Uma lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe ezindaweni ezipholile, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi zizisebenzise ngama-blend ukunikeza iwayini umthunzi omuhle futhi ukwandise i-asidi ngokuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo.
Saperavi kuhle ukumelana ne-oidium, futhi ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal, ngokufanayo, idinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimvula ezinkulu kusukela ekuthelelekeni nge-gray mold. Ngokubandlululwa kwama-frost, umholi phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, okungangabazeki ukuthi lula ukwenza isondlo.
