Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulu lamagilebhisi aphethwe futhi bonke banamathuba athile, okuthola kuwo uthando lwabalimi. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha okwamanje okwamanje zingakabhaliswa irejista yombuso wezinhlobo zamagilebhisi, "Ukuguqulwa" kubonakala ngokuphawulekayo.
Inzuzo enkulu ikhono layo ulethe isivuno esihle futhi esiphezulu hhayi kuphela esifundeni eseningizimu, kodwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Akuyona into emangalisa, kodwa ukubhala kwalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi kungokomkhiqizi we-amateur, yize namuhla izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zingokweshumi eziphezulu kakhulu ezithembisa ukulima eRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa" - indlela yokuguqula isakhiwo sakho
Leli gilebhisi empeleni akubhekwa njengento ehlukahlukene, kodwa kunesimo se-hybrid lamagilebhisi, esilandelayo esimweni sesimo esihlukile.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamagilebhisi okuguqulwa maduze kuzothola isimo esinjalo, njengoba ukuthandwa kwawo okufanelekile kukhula ngokucacile ngenxa ukuvuthwa kokuqala amajikijolo, amasayizi amakhulu amaqoqo amajikijolo anamnandi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukufana okufanayo kwamagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko" ngokohlobo lokubukeka nokunambitha ngemisebenzi efanayo V. Kraynov - izinhlobo "Novocherkassk Anniversary" no "Victor".
Izimpawu zamagilebhisi namagilebhisi "Ukuguquguquka"
Yikuphi-lokho, futhi amaqoqo amagilebhisi amangala nje ngobukhulu bawo nesisindo. Ngokukhethekile Isisindo esilinganisweni sesisodwa sinama-kilogram ayi-1Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kufinyelela ku-3 kilogram. Ukuma kwesigqila kuvamise ukucubungula noma ukugubha, kepha kunezinhlanganisela ezingenasici. Ubuningi bawo buvame ukuphakama noma bukhuni (ikakhulukazi ngamaqoqo angenasici).
Kodwa emangalisa nakakhulu ukulingana kwamagilebhisi okuguqulwa. Ukuba nomumo ovalwe oval, isisindo sabo esilinganiselwa ngu-13,9 amagremu. Isisindo esiphezulu samajikijolo singama-gramu angu-20, okuyinto eningi yamagilebhisi.
Ubukhulu berry obujwayelekile buyi-3.6 cm ngamasentimitha angu-2.4. Amajikijolo amakhulu aleli fomu lamagilebhisi anombala wesikhumba ophuzi noma ophuzi obomvu, ongeke uzizwe uma udliwe, ngoba unesakhiwo esincane. I-peel iphinde ihlanganiswe ne-wax encane yokugqoka, ene-tint emhlophe.
Inyama yabo idla inyama, iqukethe ijusi elikhulu. Futhi, ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali alo kuhlanganisa ama-17-19 amagremu eshukela ngamakhilomitha angu-100 wamasentimitha angu-pulp. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibonakaliso se-acidity sinama-6-7 amagremu kuphela nge-1 litre yevolumu. Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi kuvumelana kakhulu: ubumnandi obuhle obuhlangene nokusikeka okuncane komunyu. Futhi, amagilebhisi avuthiwe kuphela anephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
Leli fomu lamagilebhisi lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwetafula. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwejusi nokuqukethwe ushukela we-pulp unikeze ukufaneleka okuhle kwamagilebhisi okwenzelwa amagugu. Futhi, kuhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha.
Isivuno samagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa" - yini okufanele silindelwe?
Amagilebhisi "Ukuguquguquka" eqinisweni enye yezithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezizungezile zezulu, lesi sivini sivuna ukuvuna kokuqala esihlahleni somama ngo-Agasti, kanti amagilebhisi aphethwe yizinyunyana azungeze phakathi no-Okthoba.
Ikhono lokuthokozisa ukuvuna okugcwele kwesibili kubantwana bokutholwa lihlukanisa leli fomu lamagilebhisi kuzo zonke ezinye. Izithelo eziphakathi Isihlahla samavini esingashadile "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko" yenza ama-kilogram angu-20 amajikijolo. Umkhiqizo uzinzile kakhulu.
Isihlahla sakhe sikwazi ukukhula sibe ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu njengokuthi ukuhlanganiswa, futhi empande yawo. Isihlahla sinekhono eliphezulu kakhulu sokwenza amahlumela. Ukudubula kuvuthiwe kahle kakhulu. Ukutshala impova kwenzeka ngokuzimela, ngenxa yembali yobungqingili. Futhi, i-"Transfiguration" isihlahla somvini sikwazi ukuvumelanisa kahle nezimo ezintsha ezikhulayo nesimo sezulu esisha.
Izinzuzo zamagilebhisi anezithelo "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko"
- Leli fomu linesikhathi sokuvuthwa kakhulu, kusukela isikhathi semifino sithatha izinsuku ezingu-110 kuya kwezingu-115 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo alo mvini kunqunywa kalula ngokumane ucindezeleke - ukuthobeka kweberry futhi kuyinkomba yokuvuthwa.
- Ikhwalithi enhle yalezi ezihlukahlukene yiyona engekho ngempela yamajikijolo wepea ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi.
- Ukuguqulwa kwamagilebhisi kuvumelana kakhulu nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi kunekhono eliphezulu lokuqothula. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuhlinzekwa kakhulu.
- Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost "Izinguquko" mayelana phezuluIzinkuni azilimazwa yiqhwa ngo-23ºС.
- Leli fomu lamagilebhisi libhekwa njengenani eliyigugu kakhulu ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwamagilebhisi namajikijolo, kanye nokufaneleka kwabo kokuhamba ibanga elide.
Izinhlangothi ezimbi zamagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa"
- Naphezu kokumelana okuhle namazinga okushisa aphansi, umvini usadinga ukunakekelwa - ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa kufanele kuhlanganiswe kahle.
- Ngokuvamile kungathinteka yizifo zefungalini izici zezivini. Izinkomba zokulwa nezifo zingamaphuzu angu-3.5-4 kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngamagilebhisi amabhande.
Imiyalo kubalimi kuya eziqokweni zokutshala amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa"
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala ngokuqondile kweMvini yokuguqulwa, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza nge-nuances oyinhloko yale nqubo, ngaphandle kokuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhula isihlahla esihle semagilebhisi.
- Emhlabathini, leli fomu lamagilebhisi alithandi ngokukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela enkulu kakhulu ekutshalweni kwanoma yimaphi amagilebhisi angatholakala emhlabathini omnyama ovundile.
- Umswakama wehlabathi akufanele ube ngokweqile, kepha ukoma kuzolimaza kuphela umvini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu, ngezinga eliphansi lamanzi angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5.
- Lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala, kubalulekile ukucabangela amandla ohlelweni lwempande lesihlahla esivuthiwe, esakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, Akufanele kube khona izihlahla ezinkulu noma ezinye izitshalo eziseduzengoba bayomncintisana namagilebhisi omsoco.
- Isayithi lokufika kufanele libheke ngendlela engcono futhi lingabhebhethekiswa yimimoya ebandayo evela enyakatho. Ngakho-ke, ukhetho oluhle lungaba yindawo eningizimu yendlu noma esinye isakhiwo kusayithi lakho.
Imigomo kanye nezinhlobo zokutshala amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko"
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, leli fomu lamagilebhisi okungcono etshalwe entwasahlobo.
Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emihle yokukhula kwamagilebhisi inganika kanye nokutshala ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiliphi ifomu oyikhethayo lokufika kwalo. Emva kwakho konke, amagilebhisi angatshalwa kokubili ngosizo lwezithombo, futhi ngokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings anqunywe kusukela ku-"Transfiguration" emvinini kwizitshalo zamanye amagilebhisi.
Esikhathini sokuqala, isikhathi senhlobo sonyaka singcono, okwesibili, konke kuzoxhomeka esimweni sokusika kanye nesitokisi (omnyama yisimo sokuphumula, okwesibhakabhaka sesivele sichithwa).
Indlela yokuhlwanyela kahle amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa" ngosizo lwesipula
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha isitelingi esihle. Kufanele kube:
- Not frozen futhi hhayi omisiwe, kungenjalo ngeke nje bakwazi ukuhlala phansi, noma kuyoba buhlungu kakhulu ukukhula. Umkhiqizo we-seedling onjalo uyoba mncane.
- Umbala wesimiso sezimpande kufanele ube mhlophe.
- Isigaba esiphambene kufanele sibe luhlaza. Uma kungenjalo, isipela ngeke futhi sifanele.
Kungcono ukumba izimbobo zokutshala kude kumamitha angu-1-1.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukujula komgodi kufanele kube yizimpande ezimbili zezimpande.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kuyimpoqo udinga ukubeka inhlabathi evundile exutshwe nama-organic (humus enenkani noma nje pus). Phezu kwalesi nhlanganisela kufanele isetshenziswe ngqimba lomhlabathi, ngaphandle komanyolo. Ngakho-ke, lapho sigubha umgodi, sisalala ncamashi nje ngomanyolo.
Khona-ke siyanciphisa isithombo emgodini ukuze intamo yawo impande ingekho ngaphansi kwezinga lehlabathi. Izithombo kufanele zilungiselelwe kakade - zimanzi emanzini usuku futhi ziphathwe nge-stimulator yokukhula kwezimpande (umuthi "Gumat").
Ngaphambi kokuyihlisela emgodini, kubalulekile ukunciphisa izeluleko zezimpande kancane nge-pruner. Umgodi ungcwatshwa ngokuqinile futhi unisela kakhulu. Ukunisela, ungasebenzisa cishe amabhakede amathathu amanzi.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa" nge-cuttings
Sesivele sisho ukuthi ama-graft angabhaliswa ngokuthi "aluhlaza" noma "abamnyama". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoma kuqhutshwa kokubili esitokisini esichithekile kakade, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukulala. Kodwa, kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukulungisa kokubili ukusika kanye nesitoreji kusenesikhathi.
I-Cuttings kufanele ibe nama-2-3 amehloyini ezokwanela ukukhula okuhle. Ezindaweni abadinga ukusikwa, bashiya amamitha ambalwa kuphela esithombeni esiphansi kakhulu.
Kumele kunqunywe ngesimo somcengezi zombili zombili. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ukusika kumele kumile emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi kufanele kufakwe isisombululo se "Humate" (kuphela isisombululo samaconsi angu-10 ngamanzi angu-1 kuphela).
Uma amagilebhisi ehlanganiswa ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuwaxuba ukuze umswakama uphelelwe kangcono kuwo futhi ukwandise ukumelana nesithwathwa. Kulokhu, ukusika isikhashana igofini encibilikile futhi ebilisiwebese ehlile emanzini abandayo.
Isitoko kufanele siqale siqedwe, ngaleyo ndlela sisuse isihlahla esidala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswa ngokucophelela kangangokuthi ukusika kuphela kungangena endaweni yokuhlukaniswa (uma isitoreji sikhulu futhi sibanzi, ungakwazi ngisho nokusika ama-2-3 cuttings). Ubuso bayo buhlanjululwa ngokucophelela ekubuseni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika kunikwa ukuhlukaniswa, isitokisi esicindezelwe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe kangcono indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kokusika nokusika kwezitshalo.
Kungcono ukubeka isitoko ngendwangu yokotini, ezokwehla ngokwakho ngonyaka ozayo.
Ebusika, indawo yokugoma ifakwe ngobumba.
Imithetho yokunakekela amagilebhisi ezosiza ukukhulisa isivuno sayo
I-Viticulture ibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, elivuza kahle izitshalo ezinhle futhi ezihlwabusayo. Ukuze uzuze imiphumela esiphezulu yokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi, "kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kakhulu emahlathini futhi ungakhohlwa ukuwasebenzisa, ukondle futhi wenze izihlahla ezivamile. Indlela efanele yokwenza kuyoxoxwa ngezansi.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuchelela okufanele kwamagilebhisi?
Amagilebhisi, nakuba adinga umswakama omuhle wenhlabathi, amanzi amaningi angabulala kokubili umvini ngokwawo kanye nesitshalo ngokujwayelekile.
Ukuphuza njalo kunconywa kuphela ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla zomvini, futhi ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi. Ukwandisa ukuchelela kuphela ngezikhathi zemvula enkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukumba imbobo engajulile (cishe ngamamentimitha angu-5 ubude) eduze kwesihlahla somvini bese uyinisela. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi izomiswa ngokulinganayo noma ngokulinganayo.
Uma kwenzeka kunesimo esinzima ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokubunjwa nokuvuthwa kokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukumba imigodi noma imifula. Zizokhipha umswakama owedlule, okungase kuthinte kabi ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa".
Ukuhlanganisa nokugqoka ukuthuthukisa izinga lomhlabathi
Ukuncintisana kunendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvuneni kwamagilebhisi. Itholakala kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngoba ehlobo kungabangela ukukhuphuka kwenqubo yezimpande zesihlahla somvini. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, awukwazi ukulondoloza umswakama kuphela emhlabathini, kodwa futhi uyondla ngezinto ezidingekayo kumagilebhisi.
Ukuxubha kusetshenziswa i-humus, uma kungabikho - i-peat. Ukubeka ungqimba we-mulch kungcono ngezingqimba zamamitha angu-3, ukunamathela kumkhawulo wesistimu yempande yomvini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umqubhezi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ngoba ungqimba lwe-mulch luzovikela amagilebhisi kusuka ku-frost.
Amakhomikhali e-Phosphorus-potassium asetshenziselwa ukondla amagilebhisi, okunconywa ukuba asetshenziswe entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusila.
Indlela yokumboza amagilebhisi?
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesithelo samagilebhisi kungokwezihlahla ezitshalwe, ukubekezela kweqhwa emgwaqeni ophakathi kuzoba buthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukumboza amagilebhisi "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko" ebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi lomvini (cishe 75%) lisusiwe. Okuphelele kakhulu ehlathini phansi phansi bese efafaza inhlabathi. Ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ingahlanganiswa ngotshani, okuhlanganiswe neslate noma ukugxila phezulu.
Izithombo ezincane kanye ne-graft zimboza kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ibhubhu endala, esevele ishiye phansi. Njengoba sewusungile izithelo zomvini, inhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphakathi kuze kube yilapho isithombo sivala umhlabathi. Kulesi simo, inhlabathi ingcono hhayi ukufaka uphawu ukuze kugweme ukulimala amagilebhisi.
Imithetho yokusika izihlahla zomvini "Ukuguqulwa"
Ukuvuna amagilebhisi kwenziwa ngezinhloso eziningi. Okokuqala, ngosizo lwaso isihlahla somvini sakhiwa. Okwesibili, umkhiqizo ulawulwa, ngoba imali eningi kakhulu ingathinta izinga. Okwesithathu, ukusika izihlahla kusiza ukukhula kwamagilebhisi.
Kudingekile ukufeza ukuwa. Nokho, uma unciphisa amagatsha omvini entwasahlobo, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba ikhule. Ukuma kwesibhakabhaka kuyinto ethandekayo fan. Ngakho, amaqoqo amagilebhisi azobunjwa kahle. Ubude bezithelo zomvini bufinyeleleka ku-6-8 efihlekile, ngenani eliphelele lamahlumela angu-24-35.
Ukuze ungadluli isihlahla esinomuthi omkhulu wamagilebhisi, kubalulekile futhi ukususa. Kungcono ukushiya iqembu elilodwa ngesibhamu esisodwa. Abaningi futhi basusa ama-inflorescences kusukela emasimini, bezama ukuthuthukisa isivuno esikhulu.
Izivinini zokulawula izinambuzane "Ukuguqulwa kwesiguquko"
Lolu hlobo lwezithelo zomvini luba nesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumelana nokunqotshwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal. Ukuvimbela kakhulu kubalulekile ukwenza okungenani ukushafaza okungu-2 ngenkathi eyodwa.
Izinto, izixazululo zazo ezifakiwe, ziyi-fungicides futhi ingxube yeBordeaux, okuhlanganisiwe okungafanele kudlulele ku-1%.
