Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo zezihlahla ze-apula, izithelo zazo zivuthwa ehlobo, zingabizwa ngokuthi iMantet ehlukahlukene.
Yadalwa ngabalimi baseCanada ngo-1928, ngokuvuna imvelo yemvelo enjalo njengeMoscow Grushevka.
Kodwa, yini enhle ngalolu hlobo lwe-apula, yiziphi izinzuzo zalo, zikhona noma yikuphi ukungalungi, noma ingabe kukhona okunye okuqondene nokunakekela i-apula?
Izici ebangeni
Izithelo
Izithelo zezihlahla ze-apula I-mantet iyinambuzane enomsoco kakhulu, enomzimba omhlophe nonethenda, enomnandi futhi ephunga, enomunyu okhethekile, obunelungelo lobunikazi. Ama-apula aqukethe izinto ezinenzuzo ezifana ne-fructose, i-pectin, izinto ze-P ezisebenzayo, i-ascorbic acid.
Ama-apula aqala ukuvuthwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi, futhi aqhubeke ehlabelela kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla. Izithelo zisheshe zivuthwe futhi zivuthwe kakhulu, izithelo eziqotshiwe azigcinwa isikhathi eside.
I-apple tree, ezihlukahlukene eziMantet, ziveza izithelo zobukhulu obujwayelekile. Isisindo se-apula esisodwa sifinyelela amagremu angu-90-180. Ukuma kwabo kuwubude obuningi, bukhompiyutha, engxenyeni engenhla kukhona ukunambitheka kancane.
Izithelo zika-Apple ziphuzi oluphuzi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olunombala obomvu obomvu. Isikhumba sabo sincane futhi sihamba kahle. I-apula isithelo se-funnel sincane futhi sincane.
Ubude nobukhulu be-stem, isb. lide, eliphakathi, elikhulu noma elincane.
I-apple saucer incane, ihlungwe futhi iminyene. Izithelo zezithelo ze-apula zincane, zibe nesimo esingunxantathu, i-tip of the seed is blunt, futhi umbala unombala omnyama.
Isihlahla
Isihlahla se-apula esihlukahlukene IsiMantet sikhula usayizi ophakathi. Umuthi we-apula unomqhele ongavamile, onomumo ovundlile namagatsha amakhulu amakhulu omzimba, ebheka phezulu.
Umuthi unamaqabunga ahlanzekile, enesikhumba, eluhlaza, amakhulu, enama-elliptical shape. Izithelo eziningi kakhulu zibhekwa ikakhulukazi kolchatka.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula: ihlobo, ekwindla, ebusika
Ukuvuna
Kakade kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wesithathu wokukhula, isivuno esihle kakhulu singabuthwa esihlahleni se-apula. Izithelo ezihlukahlukene zeMantet izithelo ngonyaka. Izithelo, ngesitshalo esikhulu, zincane.
Isici esikhethekile seMantet ukuthi ama-apula ahlwanyelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, aphinde ahlabelele. Lapha into esemqoka ukugcina ithrekhi yezithelo, futhi ungaphuthelwa ukuqala kweqoqo labo. Izihlahla ezincane zikhiqiza izithelo eziningi kunabantu abadala. I-Apple tree Mantet ingokwezigaba ze-skoroplodny.
Amahlumela
I-Apple ihlumela isundu, ichazwe, nge-lentile encane. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaqabunga ama-Mantet, zinkulu, zikhumba, zikhanya. Ukuma kwamaqabunga kuncike kancane, elliptical. Ithimba elincane elincintisiwe leqabunga libheke phezulu, ngesisekelo esicacile noma esine-tapered.
I-smooth, ishidi leshidi elibushelelezi line-edge ephakanyisiwe, yevy, ye-serrate. I-scape, ehlukahlukene e-Mantet apula, ihlukaniswe nokudubula, inkulu, inomude, imbala ngokweqile ngombala we-anthocyanin. Futhi ama-stipules ayingayizi ephakathi, hhayi enkulu kakhulu, ene-awl.
Umuthi we-apula uhlotshaniswa namafihledi aphakathi kwezinga eliphansi, ahlangene ngokuma, adonsela phambili futhi akhiyiwe. Izimbali zinkulu, ezinezimpunga ezimhlophe nezibomvu, ngezinye izikhathi zine-purple tinge. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Mantet zinezikhala ezibomvu, ezikhanyayo ezibomvu, i-pistil emfushane, futhi kunezinhlamba ngaphansi kwe-anthers.
Izintandokazi
Skoroplodnost, ukuvuthwa kokuqala kakhulu kwezithelo, omuhle kakhulu dessert ukunambitheka.
Ukungalungi
Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko ingabizwa ngokuthi ukukhula okuqondile kwamahlumela amaningi, i-fragility yezinkuni, ukuqhuma kwe-fruiting engavamile yezihlahla ezindala.
Ungakwazi futhi ukungalungi kuhlanganisa:
Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa isifo esinjengesiko, ikakhulukazi uma kunamvula njalo;
Ibekezelela ama-frosts amakhulu, ayincoma ukutshala ama-apula e-Mantet ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izithombo zingase zife;
Ama-apula amancane, eveza isivuno esihle, kancane kancane alahlekelwe ukuhlanzeka kwawo. Izithelo ezinhle manje zilandela ngonyaka, kanti ngonyaka ovuthiwe kakhulu ama-apula amancane ahlala esihlahleni;
Ukuphila okungenani okungenani inyanga), izithelo azikwazi ukushiya kuze kufike entwasahlobo, kungcono ukuzidla ngokushesha, noma ukwenza i-compote, ujamu, i-jam kubo.
Izici zokufika
Umhlaba
I-Apple iyisitshalo esingapheli, ngakho sidinga ukulungisa kahle inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Ubude bomuthi owodwa buyiminyaka engaba ngu-50, futhi kuyo yonke inkathi iveza izithelo ezinhle zokuvuna. Ngakho kufanele uqale kuphi?
Okokuqala kudingeka uthathe isinqumo endaweni lapho i-apple yesihlahla i-Mantet izokhula khona. Lokhu kumele kube yindawo evikelekile ngokweqile kusuka emisebenzini yezingqikithi, ukungabi khona kwemimoya ebandayo, kanye nokutholakala kwelanga elanele.
I-Mantet ehlukahlukene kungatshalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, into esemqoka ukukwenza ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwezitshalo. Ekwindla, umuntu kufanele athole kuze kube sekuqaleni kwezinsuku zokuqala zama-frosty, futhi entwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga kuqala aqhakaze futhi umhlaba awuzange ushuthuke ngokuphelele.
Kodwa uma izithombo ze-apula zitshalwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zizodinga ukuchelela okunye, ngoba ukungabi nomswakama kuholela ekusomweni kwesistimu.
Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukukhetha eyodwa noma ezintathu izihlahla zasehlobo zokutshala, lesi yisikhathi esiphezulu kakhulu se-apula ukuze sitholwe ngokushesha.
On izithombo ususe izimpande ezilimele futhi ezibolile, amagatsha aphukile.
Izihlahla ze-apula Isimangathi sihambisana inhlabathi enhle, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangesikhathi esifanele, kungakhula cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Emva kokukhetha indawo, kufanele uqaphele umgodi wokufika, wenze ukulungiswa komhlaba, uhlangabezane nesikhathi sokufika.
Umgodi wokufika qala ukumba izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala komuthi wesithelo. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze inhlabathi ibe denser futhi izindonga zecala zithatha inani elaneleyo lokuswakama.
Ubuningi bomgodi obumbwe buxhomeke ezingeni lokulungiselela umhlabathi, futhi yiziphi izimfanelo ezinayo. Isibonelo, uma indawo enomhlabathi ovundiwe igubha, bese umba imbobo encane. Le mgodi isetshenziselwa ukubeka izimpande zomuthi we-apula. Ububanzi bomgodi buzoba cishe ngo-40 cm, futhi ukujula kufinyelela ku-30-35 cm.
Umgodi omkhulu wokutshala ugujwa lapho kwenzeka ukuthi insimu yesikhathi esizayo ingakhuliwe, noma inhlabathi isayithi inzima. Umgodi udonwe ukujula okungaba ngu-70 cm, ububanzi bawo buyi-1 imitha.
Kukhona futhi inketho yesithathu, lokhu kungukuthi itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba obunamafutha kanye nobumba kuhlanganisiwe emhlabeni, inhlabathi ayizange ibhalwe futhi ingahlakulelwa. Ububanzi buvela ku-1 kuya ku-1.2 wamamitha, futhi ukujula kungu-1 imitha.
Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi usubhalwe, kufanele ulungiselelwe. Umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi evundile. I-peat, umquba, ama-humus kanye nomquba obolile ungeziwe engxenyeni engenhla yomgodi. Inhlabathi yengezwa enhlabathini yobumba.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza amaminerali umquba. Ukuze ugcwalise umgodi, inhlabathi kufanele ilungiswe emigqeni: ungqimba ngamunye, ububanzi obuyi-20 cm, buchitheka ngomanyolo.
Khona-ke ungqimba lomhlabathi luxutshwe futhi luhlanganiswe. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi emva kokugcwalisa umgodi kufanele udale intaba, ngoba umhlabathi uhlala phansi, futhi uhlanganiswe, awukwazi ukuvumela ukwakheka kwe-funnel.
Manje ungatshala i-apula. Imbobo encane yenziwa, ngokusho kobukhulu besimiso sempande, futhi isihlahla sitshalwe ngokucophelela lapho.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izithombo Izihlahla ze-mantet:
- Ngokucophelela nangokucophelela, ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuqondisa izimpande. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-apula lugcwele inhlabathi evundile, futhi emva kokufaka umanyolo.
- Kubalulekile ukugubha izihlahla kancane, khona-ke umhlaba ungcono kakhulu ugcwaliswe ngesipula.
- Emphakathini wezitshalo ezitshalwe kunconywa ukuba ugcize phansi emgodini, ngakho-ke kuyoba ngcono ukumanisela nokutshala.
Isinyathelo sokugcina - izithombo zokuchelela. Izinga lokuchelela liyi-15-20 amalitha amanzi emthini ngamunye. Ukuqubuka komhlabathi kwenziwa nge-humus noma ngamaqabunga.
Njengoba isiqu somuthi sinomzimba futhi singonakaliswa kakhulu noma siguquke ngemimoya eqinile, kunconywa ukuba sibophe emaphethini amathathu.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-aplanti ye-mantet akufani neze nezinye izihlahla zezithelo: ukususwa kokhula, inhlabathi ikhulula emthini, ukumba umhlabathi, ukulungiselela imbiza yokutshala, ukusika izihlahla, ukuchelela okwesikhashana kwezimbande, ukugcoba okumhlophe kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Umuthi we-apula udinga ukuchelela njalo, cishe kanye ngesonto. Kodwa ungathathwa, njengoba amanzi amaningi angathinta umuthi. Ngenisa umanyolo kanye unyaka wonke:
i-humus, i-potassium ye-sulfuric (ama-gramu angu-20) ne-superphosphate (ama-gramu angu-50). Esikhundleni se-sulfuric potassium, umuthi wokhuni ungasetshenziswa.
Ukudubula amagatsha aqhutshwa ukuze athuthukise ukuhluma, asuse amagatsha omile futhi awonakele, amahlumela wonyaka. Sika amagatsha aqoshwe ngaphezulu nge-pitch pitch.
I-prophylaxis kusuka ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, ngaphezu kokuphalaza umqhele wesihlahla, susa igxolo elidala kusuka ezitshalweni ezimilayo. Izindawo lapho amagxolo aqothulwe khona, ukuhlanza, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishise ingozi yokungena kwezifo ezehlukene zibe umqhele.
