Uke wezwa nge-pey Chizhov?
Futhi mhlawumbe uye wajabulela ukunambitheka kwawo okunomsoco futhi unesifiso sokutshala umuthi onjalo endlini yakho?
Esihlokweni sethu sizocabangela konke okudingekayo kulokhu.
Incazelo ye-fetus (izinzuzo, ukungalungi)
I-Chizhovskaya eliphakathi kwe-peardi elibanjwe ngabalimi baseRussia, olutholakala ukuwela izinhlobo ezimbili ezinhle. Kusukela kokuqala (i-Forest Beauty), izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithole ukubukeka kwangaphandle nokuthakazelisa okumangalisayo, futhi kusukela kwesibili (Olga) - ukumelana neziqhwa ezinzima.
Ekubukeni, leli peyari alikhulu kakhulu, isisindo esilinganisweni singama-130 amagremu. Iqukethe umbala ovamile ophakathi kwamehlo we-pear, ophuzi, onobuchopho obubomvu obomvu, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa. Pulp izithelo zilula, cishe zimhlophe. Akunakutsho ukuthi unomsindo oqinile, kodwa ukunambitheka kwawo kuhle kakhulu. Ngomunyu omncane, okwenza kube ukuhlanzeka.
Yini engabikwa ku-pluses yalezi ezihlukahlukene? Khetha ukuhlonipha. Umuthi uzothela izithelo emva kweminyaka emithathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqeqesha. Ukubukeka komkhiqizo ohlala njalo kubalulekile. Izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside (kuze kube izinyanga ezine ku-0ºะก).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ngokwanele ukuhamba amabanga amade, nakuba ukuhamba kwabo kubalwa njengokulinganiselwa. Inzuzo ebalulekile ukuhlanzwa okuncane kwezithelo, ngisho nangomoya ovuthayo. Futhi yini esingayisho ngomkhiqizo! Amakhilogremu angu-40 wamapheya, ngisho nangonyaka onzima kakhulu - akukho nkinga!
Ukunambitheka nakho kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho zinezithelo ezitholayo ukwehluleka - ngisho nezinkinga. Sinomuthi ngokwawo, njengezitshalo, kodwa sizoxoxa ngalokhu kamuva. Kodwa i-pear, njengezithelo, ungafaka ama-5 amaphuzu amahlanu.
Incazelo yomuthi (izinzuzo, ukungalungi)
Manje ake sikhulume ngomuthi uqobo. Akufani nokuphakama okhethekile futhi kunokuphakama okulinganiselwe. I-Krone njengoba likhula, lishintsha ukuma kwalo (kusuka emincane ukuya e-pyramidal), kunalokho likhulu, kodwa lingenamagatsha amaningi.
Ungayichaza njengento ehamba phambili, evumela ukuthi uvunwe isivuno ngaphandle kwezinkinga noma ukuvumelanisa okukhethekile. Ngokwazo amaqabunga ngaphandle kwe-pubescence ezinhlangothini zombili, emaphethelweni afakiwe.
Kodwa kuthiwani i-plus enkulu kakhulu emthini wethu? Lokhu ukuphikisana okuphezulu ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, okushiwo ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iphikisana nesithwathwa ukuze igweme amadigri amathathu. Yingakho lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholile inamba enkulu yabalandeli phakathi kwabalimi abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho intwasahlobo ingaba ibanda kakhulu.
Akunakwenzeka ukungazibandakanyi, njenge-plus, ukuzizalela kwekhasi lethu. Uzothola isitshalo sakho ngisho nalapho ezinye izinambuzane zingakhula eduze, ngisho noma utshala izihlahla zezithelo ezimbalwa eduze kwakho, ulinde ukuthi isivuno senyuke okungenani ngo-10%! Ngeseluleko sabalimi ngalezi zinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu Rogneda naseLada.
Konke kubonakala kuhle futhi kubushelelezi: ukunambitheka kuhle, futhi kugcinwe isikhathi eside, futhi umuthi wethu awukwesabi iqhwa, kepha, njengendawo yonke, kumele kube khona ukuqeda kanye nokungalungi? Futhi, ngeshwa, zikhona. Kodwa kungakanani okubalulekile, isitimu ngasinye sithatha isinqumo ngokuzimela.
Esikhathini sethu esiyingqayizivele isici esithile esiyisipesheli sigcizelele izakhi zofuzo, okuyinto ezosikhungula kancane - izithelo ziyancipha njalo ngonyaka njengoba umuthi ukhula futhi emva kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, mhlawumbe, ngeke idlule ama-gram angu-80.
Enye indlela ephawulekayo yokumelana nokuncipha kwayo okuphansi kuya ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Njalo igciwane futhi uzama ukugaya amaqabunga noma adle ikhasi elihlwabusayo, okwenza kube izimbobo ezingadingekile, okwenza kube nzima ukushicilela. Futhi lokhu kuzodingeka balwe njalo. Sizobe sinenesikhathi sokukhuluma ngokuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu, kodwa manje sizofunda ukuthi singatshala kanjani i-Chizhov pear nazo zonke iziqili zokuzinakekela.
Indlela yokutshala ikhasi?
Ngakho-ke, masiqhubeke nomzuzu obaluleke kakhulu - ukutshala kwepeyari yethu. Iqiniso, okwamanje, ngamazwi. Konke kuncike kule nqubo: ukuthi siyitshala kanjani, sizoyivuna ekugcineni. Okuyisisekelo kunazo zonke ukukhetha indawo. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe yibumba!
Okukhethwa kukho okuhamba phambili - inhlabathi ne-chernozem noma i-loamy. Qinisekisa ukuthi uyondla inhlabathi, ulwe ne-asidi ephezulu nge-lime. Siletha ama-humus angu-25-30, ama-gramu angu-200 we-potassium chloride, i-kilogram eyodwa nengxenye ye-superphosphate kanye nesilinganiso esifanayo se-lime emgodini.
Konke okunye isimiso sokufika Akufani kakhulu nokutshala amapheya ajwayelekile. Spring yisikhathi esihle kakhulu salokhu. Kodwa umgodi wokutshala ngeke ube yinto engafanele ukulungiselela ukuwa. Simba imbobo 70 cm ububanzi kanye nemitha eyodwa ejulile, susa phezulu kwenhlabathi, sizoyidinga.
Ngezansi sibeka i-humus, isihlabathi, i-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate futhi isimboze umhlaba, obekwe. Lokhu kudingekile ukuze izimpande esiteji sokuqala zentuthuko zingangeni ekuthintaneni namakhomikhali "anonya" angabalimaza.
Ngelinye ibhakede lamanzi sitshala izibuko ezimbili ze-lime bese siwuthululela emgodini, bese uthele ezinye amabhakede amabili ngaphandle kokungcola, ukugcwalisa ngomhlabathi ovundile futhi uvumele ukuba ulinde isishwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke ngaphandle kwezici. Senza indentation ukuze izimpande zibekwe ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kwemibimbi, asiyijulise ngokuqinile, siyazifafaza futhi sithele emanzini (amabhakede amathathu). Thina sixoqa nge-peat. Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla kuqala ngokushesha, ukusika ingxenye yesithathu.
Ukunakekela kubalulekile ekuvuneni okuhle.
Ukunisela
Ngesikhathi isihlahla sisencane, kuyabuhlungu kakhulu ukuzwa ukungabi namanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela kubaluleke kakhulu. Kudingeka ukuphuza ngokucophelela futhi kaningi (izikhathi ezine ngenyanga), kodwa ngokunakekelwa, ngokunciphisa i-stem namaqabunga. Uma uhlelo lwempande luqinile ngokwanele, unganciphisa ukuchelela ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyoba nokudla okwanele okuvela enhlabathini.
Ukudubula
I-pear ifuna ukukhanya, ngakho-ke ukusika okulungile kwamagatsha kuyasiza ukuba kube khona ezimweni ezinhle futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunakekeleni umuthi. Kuwukuqeda kuphela kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli. Kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi amancane amagatsha, ocebile isivuno. Kunconyiwe ukusika amagatsha angaphakathi bese ushiya abaphansi, ngoba ngokunakekelwa kahle bayakwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Umquba
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi ngoba lokhu kungenzeka. Okuhle kunazo zonke, ukufaka umquba wonke umhlaba, kodwa akukhona njalo amathuba okuthi kube khona. Yingakho kaningi benza njengoba sikhulume ngenhla - umquba ubeka ngqo emgodini.
Yini enye okudingeka ikhunjulwe futhi yazi lapho ifika kule nqubo? Okuwusizo bekuyokwazi ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi nokuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwe-agrochemical, kodwa, futhi, lokhu akuvamile ukwenza. Ngoba udinga ukunamathela amathiphu jikelele. Sonke siyazi ukuthi kokubili ukuntuleka kanye ne-nitrogen ngokweqile kuyathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Uma engekho, izobonakala emaceleni. Bayoba nokuthuthukiswa.
Kodwa uma kuningi, khona-ke lokhu kuzonciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa, okuhlukanisa izinhlobo zethu eziphakathi kwamapheya. I-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium - nayo iyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni okuhle kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo. Kubalulekile ukunamathela kwesilinganiso esithile phakathi kwezakhi.
Ngama-pears, uhlobo lwe-ammonium lwenhlanganisela ye-phosphorus ne-nitrogen kufanelekile. Lokhu kungaba ammonium sulfate noma i-ammonium nitrate. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu: izingxenye ezintathu, isibonelo, i-ammonium, ingxenye engu-1 superphosphate nezingxenye ezingu-4 zezinto eziqukethe i-potassium.
Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, lokhu isilinganiso kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi enenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni umuthi wepere. Umquba uqukethe zonke izakhi zokulandelela ezibalwe. Lo manyolo unconywa ukuba usetshenziswe njalo ngonyaka, okwenza u-20 cm ubude obuningi ngamakhilogremu amabili ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m. I-neutral acidity yenhlabathi - inketho engcono kakhulu yamapheya.
Ngakho-ke inhlabathi emuncu ayikwazi ukukhulelwaequkethe lesi sici samakhemikhali, ngaphandle kwesingeniso sangaphambili se-lime. Uma uzicabangela ukuthi uyinsimu yokulima futhi abanamaphesenti angama-100 abanesiqiniseko sokuntuleka kwesici esilandelayo, ungondla ngendlela yokupuniza usebenzisa isisombululo se-urea (40 g ngalinye ngo-10 l) noma isisombululo se-boron (10 g ngalinye ngo-10 l).
Zombili ukuphalaza kwenziwa ngemva kokuba umuthi uyeka izimbali (ngosuku lwesithupha), ukwelashwa nge-urea kuphindaphindiwe ngemva kwamasonto amabili, futhi nge-boron nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ukusondela ekudleni, uthathe njengombuso inkulumo: kungcono ukungabi nosawoti kunokuba usawoti!
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zamapheya.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane
I-Chizhovskaya eliphakathi kweyodwa ingozi yizifo ezifanayo kanye nezinambuzane ezivame ukuhlaselwa i-apula kanye nesihlahla esijwayelekile. Kuneziningi zazo, kodwa sizozama ukucabangela okuyisisekelo kakhulu.
I-Pearbug ijwayele ukugcoba ijusi eliphakathi kwe-pear. Ebusika, ufihle emaqabunga awile, kanti entwasahlobo uvuselela futhi aqale ukuhlaselwa. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla udinga ukuqoqa nokushisa wonke amaqabunga aqoqwe esihlahleni.
Omunye umthandi wezinwele uyisibungu secilongo. Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane luphikisana kakhulu neqhwa futhi lukhulu kakhulu. Futhi bavame ukufihla emahlamvu bese bangene emhlabathini. Izindlela zokulwa nazo zifana ne-bug pear.
Uma ubona ukungalahleki nokuchithwa kwamaqabunga emaqabunga, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sihlahla sishaywa uphawu. Lezi zinambuzane ezingaphezu kwama-winters ezitshalweni zezitshalo futhi zondla inhlanzi. Lapha ukuphalaza isibabule sama-colloid kuzosiza.
I-Pear moth yonakalisa ukubukeka kwe-fetus, okwenza kube nemigomo yokungena emthanjeni. Ukuphalaza nge-benzophosphate kuzosiza ukulahla.
Ngokufiphala Ungakhohlwa ngemithetho eyisisekelo kule ndaba:
Isixazululo esilungiselelwe sisetshenziswe ngosuku olufanayo;
- sicubungula izihlahla ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihle (ukungena umoya, kungabi khona imvula);
- Izihlahla zezithelo ziphathwa ngaphambi kokusila, isonto emva kwalo kanye nezinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna;
- siqala ukupompa kusuka phezulu; senza ukucubungula kuyo yonke indawo;
- zama ukumboza phezulu nangaphansi kweshidi;
- ungakhohlwa ukuzivikela ngemaski, izigqoko kanye nasekupheleni kwenqubo, hlamba izandla zakho ngokugcwele;
- izithelo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa futhi kudingeka kugezwe;
-Khumbula ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali ahlukumezekile futhi angakwazi ukulimaza umuthi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokucubungula igatsha elilodwa, ubheke ukusabela, futhi ngemva nje kokuphambanisa sonke isihlahla.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ukulima izihlahla ezinzima zonke izinhlobo izifo. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka emaqabunga enani elikhulu lamabala agijimi nemiphetho emnyama kubonisa isifo esinjenge-septoriosis. Kwenzeka kancane kancane kunesikhumba, kodwa kungenzeka. Isikali mhlawumbe isifo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo. Futhi nakuba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamapheya zeChizhovskaya ziphikisana nazo, kunezimo zokunqotshwa, kunjalo.
Ekulweni nalezi zifo, futhi kusiza ukuphalazakwenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu. Ngokuvamile kule njongo basebenzisa i-sulphate yethusi, i-Bordeaux liquid, futhi phakathi kwezikhali ezincane-isisombululo sikasawoti (amalitha ayishumi amanzi. 1 kg kasawoti). Kunezindlela eziningi ezithandwayo zokubhekana nezilokazane nezifo zezihlahla zezithelo. Ngokuphumelela ukusebenzisa imfucumfucu yomhlonyane omuncu nomunyu.
Sithemba ukuthi isihloko sethu sizokusiza ukuba ufunde okuthile okusha futhi okuwusizo kuwe, futhi maduzane ingadi yakho iyohlotshwa ngomuthi onjalo omuhle njengesibili sePiyhov.
