Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-columnar ziyizinhlobo zezithelo ezincane. Lezi zihlahla zikhula kakhulu, futhi ziphakeme kakhulu kunezihlahla ezivamile. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zithole igama elinje elithakazelisayo, "ikholomu", ngenxa yobukeka obungavamile, obufana kakhulu nekholomu.
Phakathi kwe-columnar kungatholakala izihlahla ze-apula, i-pear, i-peach, iplamu nezinye izitshalo eziningi zezithelo. Izithelo zalezi zihlahla ezimangalisayo zihlukaniswa iphunga elingavamile futhi zinekhono elimangalisayo, futhi zikwazi ukulondoloza zonke lezi zakhiwo isikhathi eside.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya. Qaphela izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zitshalo ezinhle.
Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo ekhangayo, lolu hlobo lomuthi lukhulu kakhulu esetshenziswe kabanzi ngesikhathi sokudalwa komhlaba nokuvunyelwa kwezindawo ezincane.
Masihlale eminye imininingwane kwenye yezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yezithelo - i-columnar pear.
Phela, noma yimuphi umlimi wezitshalo lapho ehlwanyela khona, ngisho nensimu yezithelo ezincane kakhulu, ukutshala izithombo ze-pear kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
I-pear efana ne-colony iyinhlobonhlobo yezihlahla zezithelo ezincane futhi ezikhethiwe kamuva.
I-Kolonovidnaya ikhasi elidumile kakhulu.
Lo muthi unomumo ongaqhelekile womqhele futhi uhlukaniswa nesakhiwo esikhethekile, lapho amagatsha amancane agxiliwe khona.
Njengoba ubunambithe izithelo ze-pearlsar, awuke ukhohlwe ukunambitheka kwawo uju olumnandi, futhi ngenxa ye-juiciness nephunga, akukho izithelo ezingafanelana nazo.
Lesi siko sishaya phansi phansi futhi elibhekene nokuphikisana okukhulu neqhwa.
Izinhlobo zePolonid
Kuze kube yimanje, izinhlobo ezikhona zamapheya ezihlukene zikhona phakathi kwazo, kokubili ngokuvuthwa kwezithelo, nokunambitheka kanye nosayizi othize. Konke Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha, futhi kakade unyaka owodwa emva kokutshala, kunganika isivuno esihle.
Kuye ngezihlobo ezihlukahlukene, izithelo ezinkulu ze-pearlar i-pearls zingayithokozisa ngezinga elihle kakhulu ehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokufanele, ngisho nomlimi wesimini se-novice, osekuqaleni konyaka wokuvuna, angathola cishe u-3 noma ngisho no-8 kg wezithelo emthini owodwa.
Masibuyele ekuchazeni izithelo
Kukhona ekwindla, izinhlobo zehlobo zasebusika kanye nobusika be-pearlar. Ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kunenkathi ethize ye-fruiting. Ngakho-ke, ngokutshala ensimini yakho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalesi sihlahla sesithelo, kuyoba khona ukujabulela izithelo ezinhle zamapheya, kuqala ehlobo futhi kuphele ebusika.
Izinhlobonhlobo zehlobo ze-columnar pear zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeCarmen, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zehlobo zokuhlobisa i-Summer, i-G-5 ehlobo.
Izinhlobo zehlobo lezihlahla zezitshalo zihluke ngokuthi zithela izithelo ehlobo. Cabanga ngalunye lwezinhlobonhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.
Hlunga i-Carmen izithelo ezihlukahlukene zama-pearl-colored burgundy ezivuthwa ehlobo. Inani elikhethekile lalezi zihlukahlukene ngumbala ocebile we-burgundy we-peel, okwenza isithelo sibe isikhalazo esingavamile.
Ngamunye isithelo sikhula silinganisa cishe 250-300g futhi unenyama enhle kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanelekile ukwakheka kwezitimu ezinkulu zezimboni ezinezihlahla eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5-2 eziyinhektha ngalinye.
Izinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa Ibanga lokuhlobisa. Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivuthiwe ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ukuhlobisa kunikeza isivuno sokuqala kakade eminyakeni ka 2-3 emva kokutshala. Iba nezithelo ezinkulu zemihlobiso emifushane noma yama-oval, i-straw-yellow, umbala omuhle kakhulu.
Izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene kufinyelela ku-230-260g futhi ahluke amaqabunga amnandi, anesiphunga elimnandi lama roses. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana okuphawulekayo ezifweni nasebandleni ebusika.
Ama-peyari we-Grade G-5 Inesikhathi sokuvuthwa ehlobo-ekwindla. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyizici eziphakathi kwamehlo, zibe nombala ophuzi. Izithelo zinamandla futhi zinamandla. Isithelo ngasinye sifinyelela ku-150-250g ubukhulu futhi sinomvino omuhle kakhulu, onomnandi. I-G-5 ibekezelela kalula lesi sifo, futhi ine-hardiness ebusika omuhle.
Kuya izinhlobo zekwindla Amapheya e-coloniform ahlanganisa izinhlobo: Sapphire, G-4, G-2, G-3.
Zonke izinhlobo zekwindla zithela izithelo ngezikhathi ezahlukene ekwindla. Ake sihlole ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Saphira ezihlukahlukene inesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwekwindla. Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivuthiwe ekuqaleni kuka-September. Lolu hlobo lwepey linikeza izithelo zalo kakade ngonyaka we-3-4 emva kokufakelwa kokufakelwa. Ihlukanise izithelo ezinemibala enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi nezindawo ezincane zokugqwala nokubomvu.
Amapheya akhula amakhulu, anesisindo sibe ngu-200g. I-sapphira isineke kakhulu ngesikhumba futhi ngokumelene neqhwa.
I-Grade G-2 uvuthwe ngasekupheleni kokuwa. It has izithelo nodular othomathikhi ifomu eliphakathi kwefomu. Zonke izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinemibala encane. Bane-pulpp enomusa kakhulu, enesiphunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Izithelo ezihlukahlukene G-2 ezithola isisindo esiphezulu sezingu-200g zesisindo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ziphikisana nezifo kanye namaqhwa ebusika.
I-Grade G-3 kungukubuka kwekwindla ekuqaleni kwepear. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zine-pear-shaped, shape engalingani. Ukuhluka kombala ophuzi okhanyayo nesikhumba se-oily esithakazelisayo. Isithelo ngasinye sikhula sisisindo esingama-200-400g ubukhulu futhi sinomsila onambitheka kakhulu. I-G-3 ibonakala ngokumelene nezifo kanye namaqhwa ebusika.
Izinhlobo ze-autumn nazo zihlanganisa uhlobo lwe-cultivar eliphakathi kwe-G-4. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo sezivele zivuna iminyaka engu 2-3 emva kokutshala. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivuthwe engxenyeni yokuqala kaSeptemba, futhi zibe nombala ophuzi okwejwayelekile ongahlosiwe obomvu ezinhlangothini.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zifinyelela ku-230-280g isisindo. Inyama i-oily futhi ithenda, inambitheka kakhulu. IGreyidi G-4 imelana nokubandayo futhi imelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube yi--25 degrees. Ibuye iphikisana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-columnar pear kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika G-1. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa ekuqaleni kwasebusika futhi zinezimila ezibomvu, ezingafani neze zombala ophuzi. Izithelo zifinyelela ku-250g wesisindo futhi zine inyama enomsoco, ethandekayo nethandekayo. Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene imelana nokushisa ebusika nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Kuncane ngamandla kanye nobuthakathaka
Inzuzo enkulu yepear columnar ukuthi yincane lesi sitshalo sinomthelela kakhulu futhi sithatha isikhala esincane kakhulu kusayithi. Ngenxa yomqhele wakhe omncane namagatsha amancane, lezi zihlahla zinikeza ithuba lomlimi wensimu ukwenza ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe futhi, ngokufanele, ukuqoqa ivolumu evuno yokuvuna kusukela eminyakeni engu-2-3 emva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Inzuzo enkulu yepear columnar nayo yikho konke izihlahla zihluma kahle kakhulu bese uqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha, unike isivuno esihle, futhi ukukhula okuncane kwezihlahla kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise kalula futhi uqoqe ngokushesha izithelo futhi kusize ukunakekela lesi sitshalo.
Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo zingahle zithathwe ngokuba khona kwezithelo ezinkulu ngokunambitheka okuhle. Zonke izinhlobo ze-pearl columnar ziwusika-ziqinile futhi zinamathela ngokugcwele ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo. Futhi futhi bahlukaniswa nesilinganiso esikhethekile sokusinda nokunganaki ngokuphelele emhlabathini wokungena.
Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zisalokhu zivunyiwe kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke yezithelo zamapheya. Izithelo zalesi sihlahla zivame ukuphekwa, futhi zisetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo ze-compotes, imishaja, imishaja, amakhemikhali, ama-juice, kanye nama-dessert ahlanzekile.
Kukhona neze amaphutha kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo, kodwa namanje kubalulekile ukuqaphela isikhathi sabo eside kakhulu sokuphila futhi, ngokufanayo, isikhathi esifushane se-fruitingcishe iminyaka engu-10-15. Lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ludinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, okusho ukubunjwa okulungile komqhele kanye nokusika izihlahla ezinhlangothini.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa nenani elinganiselwe lezinhlobonhlobo zalolu hlobo lomuthi.
Manje ake sikhulume ngokufika
Izihlahla ze-Colony zihlobo olukhethekile lomuthi, ngakho zidinga izimo ezikhethekile zokutshala nokugcinwa.
Kulezi zihlahla ezincane izihlahla ezincane kuyinto engavamile.
Amapheya e-coloniform abizwa ngokuthi yizihlobo zezitshalo zezitshalo ezinamandla..
Kulo mkhakha kubalulekile ukhethe izihlahla zonyaka, ngoba ziqhamuka kahle. Izithombo zamaparele ezindala zivame ukubhekana nezifo ezihlukahlukene emva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Uma ukutshala izihlahla kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho i-rhizome nomhlabathi akufanele kube omile, futhi emva kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukuchelela njalo.
Uma uhlwanyela amapheya, izithombo zitshalwe nge-40-50 cm phakathi kwazo, ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa bubekwe kude cishe ngo-1.25 m. Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, iyenze ngemifuno ephilayo. Inani lemanyolo kufanele libe ngu-3-4 kg ngembobo ngayinye. Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
Umgodi wenziwa omncane, ukuze isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lomuthi lingaphezu komhlabathi, futhi i-rhizome ifakwa ngaphakathi emgodini, ngakho ubukhulu bomgodi bungenakubalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emgodini wokufika, nakanjani, ubeka umanyolo we-potash noma ama-superphosphates, ahlanganiswe nomhlabathi. Bese batshale isitshalo bese bewaphuza kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukufaka umanyolo emhlabeni, izitshalo zihlukaniswa nezimpande zesikhulumi futhi zifafazwe ungqimba lomhlaba. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi inhlabathi yomgodi wokugibela ibambelela. Ngenxa yokuthi i-rhizome ye-pearl columnar ibuthakathaka kakhulu, Amaminerali amaminerali ayinconywa ngesikhathi sokutshala, okungaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla noma ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwepear columnar
Izihlahla ze-Kolonovidnye azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa kukhona ezinye izici. Umkhiqizo oyifunayo we-columnar pear uzoletha kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo semibandela efanele.
Ukunakekela izithombo zezihlahla ze-columnar kudinga imfucuza enkulu, kodwa emva konyaka, lezi zindleko kumele zibuyiselwe. Izihlahla zezithelo ze-Colony zihlala ziqinile kakhulu. isakhiwo somuthi esikuvumela ukuba ubhekane no-12 kg wezithelo nokuningi.
Iziqephu ezincane zezihlahla ezilimiwe isisombululo esihle kakhulu. Njengoba utshale ipear columnar esakhiweni sakho, uzojabulela izithelo zayo cishe eminyakeni 12-15. Amaphuzu abalulekile kakhulu ekunakekeleni i-pearl columnar yiwo ukusika izihlahla, ukudla njalo nokulungiselela izihlahla ebusika. Ake sihlale kuloluhlobo ngalunye lokunakekelwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Indlela yokunciphisa ikhasi
Isici sokunakekela izihlahla ze-colony yizihlahla zazo ezifanele. Ukusuka ekuhloliseni umuthi kuncike ekwakheni uhlobo olufanele lomqhele nokukhula kwesitshalo uqobo.
Isici esikhethekile sokukhipha izihlahla yiqiniso lokuthi uma sinciphisa, ukukhula nokuningi okushiya ngemuva kokusika izihlahla. Noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, kufanelekile ukucabangela lokhoigatsha eliseduze nokukhula okumilekunamagatsha alahlekile. Ngakho-ke, umqhubi oyinhloko akalokothi aqedwe.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, umqhele womuthi ukhula njalo ngonyaka ngo-10-15 cm, kanti amanye amagatsha angu-2-3 akhula. Uma umqhubi ekhula kabi, kufanele aqoke ngokuqinile emafihleji angu-2-3.
Ngenkathi ukunakekela i-colloid, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi lokho ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala zonke izimbali kangcono ukukhipha. Lokhu kuzovumela isihlahla ukuthi sithole amandla futhi sigxilile kahle.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala, uma kucacile ukuthi umuthi usuqalile futhi ukhula ngokujwayelekile, ungashiya izithelo ezingu-5-6. Ngemuva kwalokho, unyaka ngamunye inani lezithelo emthini liyakhula kancane kancane.
Ngomuthi ngamunye, umthwalo wokuvuna uyedwa, futhi njalo ngonyaka kufanele uqaphele ubungako nenani lezithelo. Uma amapheya ehliswa kakhulu ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, umuthi ugcwele ngokweqile ukuvuna, futhi umlimi kufanele anikeze isivuno sokuvuna ngonyaka ozayo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya weqembu eliphakathi
Asiye kumanyolo
Ukukhula okuhle nokuzinzile Zonke izihlahla zidinga ukudla okufanele futhi okuvamile. Ikakhulukazi ekudleni kokudla kukhona izihlahla ze-columnar, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamapheya e-colony, njengombuso, kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Izithombo ezincane zondliwa kakhulu nge-slurry noma izinkukhu zezinkukhu.
I-Saltpeter ne-urea ingasetshenziswa futhi ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Ukuze kukhule kahle, izihlahla zondliwa nge-urea. Lokhu kudliwa kwenziwa kathathu. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza, okwesibili kwenziwa amasonto amabili emva kokuqala, kanye nesonto lesithathu - 2 ngemuva kwesibili.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula lokho Umhlabathi ohlangene nomugqa kufanele ugcinwe ngaphansi kwe-steam emnyama futhi uma ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kungaphezu kwamamitha amabili, kudinga ukuchelela okuvamile nokuningi.
Ukulungiselela ubusika - isigaba esibalulekile
Naphezu kokuthi amapheya amapheya ayamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, asadinga ukulungiselela ubusika. Ikakhulukazi, ukulungiswa okunjalo kwezulu elibandayo kudinga ukutshala izihlahla ezincane zamapheya.
Ekudaleni izihlahla ezibandayo, zonke izinto ezikhona zifanelekile. Uma wenze isivikelo somuthi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igundane noma esinye isilwane asiwi esitokisini. Ukuvikelwa kumele kube komile. Ngokuzivikela, ungafaka ama-sawdust, amagatsha e-pine ngesi-spruce noma utshani lwe-nostoti.
Ithuluzi elihle lokuzivikela ehlathini lingasebenza njengeqhwa elivamile, okudingekayo ukupaka lesi sitshalo.
Ebusika, izihlahla nazo zifanelekile ukuvikela kusuka kumagundane namahares. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amagatsha avamile ezinaliti. Zabalala ezungeze isihlahla somuthi. Lokhu kuzoba ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa kusuka kumagundane amane anomile.
Uma zonke izimo ezibalulwe zigcinwa, ngesikhathi sokulimala amapheya, lezi zihlahla ziyohlala zijabulela injabulo eningi nezithelo ezihlwabusayo.
