Izihlahla zezithelo zezithelo zika Cherry azenzi nje kuphela umsebenzi ocebileyo, kodwa futhi zenza okuhle. Lezi zihlahla ezinamandla ezinezici ezicwebezelayo, ezikhanyayo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhanya kahle kakhulu elangeni futhi zijabule amehlo ngama-shades ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene avela e-yellow yellow kuya e-maroon, cishe emnyama. Mhlawumbe akusiwo wonke umlimi owaziyo ukuthi lobu buhle baseningizimu bafika eYurophu ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zitholwe ngokugcwele, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo kwama-ecotypes. Esikhathini sakwa-USSR wangaphambili, kunezinkampani ezine - lokhu yi-Ukraine ephakathi, iMoldavian, eCrimea naseCaucasia. Lawa maqembu ahlukaniswa nokubunjwa kwezici zabo, ezizuzwa njengefa - ikhwalithi nokunambitheka kwe-fetus, ukumelana nezici zezulu, izifo nezinambuzane, njll.
Izinhlobo ezinomsoco kunazo zonke ze-cherry elimnandi
Njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-cherry elimnandi, kuzuzisa ukwazi okungenani ezinye zazo ukuze ukhethe isihlahla esifanele ukunambitheka kwakho.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Kuban cherry".
Izithelo zeKuban ziyadliwa kungabizwa ngokuthi mkhulu. Isisindo sabo esiphezulu sifinyelela ku-8.2 g. Amajikijolo amnyama omzimba womumo ojikelezayo anomzimba omnyama obomvu kanye nomusi owodwa wokukhanya. Namathisela ama-sweet, amanzi, i-dessert. Itshe nesiqu lihlukaniswa kalula namajikijolo. Kungenzeka ukuvuna lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngenyanga yokuqala yehlobo, ngakho-ke iKubanskaya ibhekwa njenge-cherry yasekuqaleni.
Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene babe nomqhele omkhulu, omkhulu we-thickness isilinganiso. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-oval, amakhulu, anephuzu elincane elikhomba. Izimbali ziqala ekuqaleni. Isivuno sokuqala singaqoqwa kusuka esihlahleni seminyaka emihlanu. Naphezu kokuthi i-cherry enhle iyisihlahla esithisa ukushisa, lokhu kuhlukahluka kubekezelela izinhlanhla zasebusika, kodwa, ngokumangazayo, ngezinye izikhathi zithinta kabi ama-frosts entwasahlobo. Ngezimo ezikhula kahle nokunakekelwa okufanele, isivuno si-12t / ha.
Izinzuzo ze-Kuban ezihlukahlukene Kungenzeka ukuqamba ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo, ukubukeka okukhangayo kanye nezici zokunambitheka kakhulu, isivuno esicebile nokuphikisana kahle neqhwa.
Ukungalungi okufanayo: ukumelana kabi nezifo ezifana ne-coccomycosis, ukuba khona komqhele omkhulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Pink Pink Cherry".
Izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene encane, mayelana no-5g, ophuzi obomvu obomvu. Inyama iyinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-juicy, ijusi iyabonakala. Itshe liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, lihlukaniswe kahle ne-pulp. Amajikijolo ahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi elangeni, lezi zindidi zibukeka zimangalisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zaleli cherry elimnandi lingukuvuthwa okuphakathi, isivuno singabuthwa phakathi kukaJuni.
Kuye ilanga, livuthwa ngokungalingani. Njengoba kunesimo esikhulu sezulu, amajikijolo angaqhekeka. Emthini, zigcinwe kahle, aziwa; uma ngaphezulu, izimfanelo ukunambitheka kuphela, ukunambitheka kuba i-dessert ngaphezulu. Lapho ususa isitshalo kalula, kutholakala ngokushesha ngamatshe amnyama. Ngakho-ke, lezi ezihlukahlukene sweet cherry akufanele neze zokuhamba.
Ama-Pink Trees asekuqaleni bhekisela ekuphakameni okuphakathi, ukuphakama okuphezulu ku-5m. Umqhele onqabile uvuthwe, hhayi obukhulu kakhulu. Amagxolo ayimpunga, amahlumela, nge-cherry sheen, ene-longitudinal cracking. Amaphilisi ahamba phambili, i-ovate, nge-tip ekhomba kancane, kuze kube ngu-18 cm ubude, futhi kufinyelele ku-7 cm ububanzi emahlumela amancane. Iwanele elide, elincanyana, elincane elincane, elibomvu elikhanyayo.
Izimbali ziqala ekuqaleni. Esikhathini inflorescence ngokuvamile kuze 3 izimbali. Izimbali zigcwele, zimhlophe, ziphethe indebe enkulu. Ngokunakekela kahle ukufika kufike ngonyaka we-4 wokutshala. Ngokuzithoba hhayi impova. Lapho entwasahlobo ishisa, isikhathi sokumbali sifushane. Uhlelo lwempande lomelele ngokwanele ukuvumela amanzi ukuba asuswe ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe nezimo ezihle nokunakekelwa okufanele zinganikeza kuze kufike ku-70kg isivuno kusuka kwunithi eyodwa.
Ayikwazanga izimfanelo zalolu hlobo ukuphikisana kakhulu neqhwa. Ukumelana okuhle nezifo ezifana ne-coccomycosis ne-monoliosis. Isivuno esihle kakhulu nezithelo ezikhangayo. Ukunambitheka kwe-dessert ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
Isibi esikhulu kakhulu yi-transportability ephansi yesithelo. Lawa majikijolo kufanele adliwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna. Zincane futhi zivuthwa ngokungalingani.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Napoleon black cherry".
Izithelo zalezi cherries ziyadingeka kakhulu, njengoba zihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha, ekwenzeni i-compotes kanye nokulondolozwa, nangenxa yokuqandisa ebusika. Unombala obomvu obomvu kanye nomswakama omnyama ofanayo, umumo ogobile, uhlaka olunomsoco olunesikhumba nesigqinsi. Namathisela okumnandi, i-dessert ngobuncane obuncane.
Isisindo sifinyelela ku-6.5 g, ngakho-ke singabhekwa amajikijolo amakhulu. Usayizi ophakathi kwamatshe. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokuhamba kahle kakhulu futhi azilahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwayo lapho zigcinwe amasonto angama-2 endaweni epholile. Ukuvuna sekulungele ukuvunwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, okubhekise ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zeNapoleon Black ngezinhlobo zokuvuthwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi.
Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene phezulu, finyelela kumamitha angu-6. Umqhele omncane onobuhle, onobuhle. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuvamile. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwe-fruiting kuvela ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Izithelo ngonyaka. Isilinganiso yUkuzalwa kwesinye se-sweet cherry kungu-28kg amajikijolo
Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry elimnandi izinzuzo eziningiokwenza kube ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi kudingekile. Lokhu ukuhamba kahle kakhulu, isikhathi esiningi sokuhlala esitshalweni, nokuthela okuhle, kudinga ukunambitheka nokubonakala kwezici. Ahlukahlukene amajikijolo basebenzisa. Ngokumelene nezifo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukunqotshwa kwe-cherry fly, okuyinto encane.
Mhlawumbe, abalimi abambalwa bayazi ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kahle emhlabathini we-limestone onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-humus, ama-cherries angaba yisikhathi esidala futhi akhule eminyakeni eyikhulu.
Okukhethekile kokunakekelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla zihluka kancane kuye ngokuthi zitshalwe kuphi. Isibonelo enyakatho yeRussia Izithombo zitshalwe kuphela entwasahlobo, futhi e-Ukraine, eyaziwa ngomhlabathi wayo omnyama ovundile, umuthi awudingi ukutshala ngokucophelela. Futhi kulula kakhulu ukunakekelwa cherry esifundeni Moscow.
Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe - uma sifuna ukuthola izinga eliphezulu lokuvunwa ensimini - kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izicabha zokunakekela.
Amaphutha agcina ama cherry
Indlela yokusika cherry elimnandi
Ukuqhuba izihlahla ezihlabayo kuyadingeka ngoba ukukhula kwe-trunk namagatsha kukhulu kakhulu, okungaholela ekuphazamiseni okulandelayo emva kokuvuna. Ngaphakathi eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala emva kokufika Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ama-increments amade kuze kube ngu-50 cm, futhi uqaphele ngokukhethekile emthambekeni wokukhula kwamagatsha (mhlawumbe i-angle 45 kuya ku-50 degrees), ngoba izinkuni ze-cherries zibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi lapho amagatsha ephuka, amagxolo angase awonakele ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ze-trunk.
Okuyinhloko amagatsha amathambo inamandla kakhulu, ngoba ukwakhiwa komqhele kukwanele ukushiya izingcezu ezingu-5 kuya kwezi-6, ezakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu zamagatsha. Ngonyaka owodwa ngemuva kokusungulwa kwegatsha elilodwa eliphezulu, umqhubi womphakathi kufanele anqunywe. Amagatsha ama-semi-squelette eyakhiwe emaceleni amabili aphansi emagatsheni anesimo esifanele. Unganika lesi simiso futhi ngokuhlanganisa.
Kukhona izinhlobo eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo zokugaya - Kuyinto engavamile, ifakwe phansi futhi ifakwe. Ngokuyinhloko, la mafomu ahluke ngenani lamagatsha asele emithathu yomuthi. Uma isimo somqhele we-cherry sakhiwe, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso esivamile semithi yezithelo - amagatsha omile, abonakalisiwe noma asebekhulile asuswe entwasahlobo, futhi lawo magatsha akhula ngombono ongalungile noma adala ukukhanya komqhele okweqile.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi i-cherry enhle ayikona amagatsha amancane njengamanye izihlahla zezithelo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla. Konke amanxeba esihlahleni Qinisekisa ukuthi uphathwa nge-pitch engadini futhi ukhonjiswe ngopende noma amafutha anamanzi, ngoba ama-cherries abonakala ngokunyuka kwegazi, okungaholela ekuguleni noma ngisho nasekufeni kwesihlahla.
Kungcono kakhulu ukondla umuthi we-cherry
Uma uzibophezele ukuthola ukuvuna nokuvuna okuhle, ngakho-ke kufanele uzinakekele ukondla ingadi yakho. Kuyadingeka ukuba inhlabathi inhlabathi ngokulinganayo nazo zombili izimbiwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ngoba uhlelo lwempande lomuthi lungcono ukusebenzisa ukugqoka amanzi, ngoba eyomile ingathinta isimo somuthi. Njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu ezungeze ama cherry, inhlabathi iyabanjwa ngokungeziwe 8kg Umquba ophilayo - ingaba umquba ovuthiwe noma owenziwe yizinkukhu ezivutshiwe.
Okusha eziphilayo angeke isetshenziswe ngoba ingashisa uhlelo lwempande lomuthi, ngaphandle kwemifino ehlanzekile idiliza isikhathi eside emhlabathini futhi ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukufeza injongo yayo ngesikhathi. Umanyolo we-nitrojeni, ngendlela egazini, iphuziswa emthini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo naphakathi kwehlobo, ingaba i-ammonium nitrate, kanye ne-ammonium sulphate.
Umquba ne-phosphorus ne-potassium sisiza umuthi oshisa ukushisa kalula ukuba usinde emakhazeni, ngakho bafaka umhlabathi ekwindla. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwalawa ma-amaminerali okwandisa ushukela kuma-berries ngama-25%. Amanyolo afaka phakathi i-superphosphates, i-potashi usawoti, u-buckwheat umlotha, obuye ucebile nge-lime - isici esibalulekile se-cherries ngesikhathi se-fruiting. Inani kanye nohlobo lomanyolo luyahlukahluka kuye ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kwaphawulwa ukuthi umanyolo wamaminerali awubaluleke kakhulu futhi awusizo emhlabathini owunhlabathi, kuyilapho iziqu zomquba eziphilayo zingasebenzi kahle.
I-cherries efanele yokuchelela
I-cherries, eyengeziwe ukuphuzisa kokubili ehlobo nangaphambi kwebusika. Abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka ukuchelela kokuqala ukubamba ngaphambi kokuvuna komuthi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimbali akunconywa ukuba wenze lokhu - umuthi ungadla i-ovary. Okulandelayo kubamba izikhathi eziningana ehlobo.
Kubalulekile ukuwahambisa ekupheleni kwekwindla - ngesikhathi sokumba umjikelezo oseduze, i-cherry ithululelwa kakhulu ngamanzi (kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi angama-100 kumuthi omdala) ukukhokha inhlabathi ngomswakama. Ngemuva kokunisela Kuyinto efiselekayo ukungafani nombuthano oseduze. Kumele wazi ukuthi i-cherry ayithandi umswakama okhona, ngakho-ke uma utshala kufanelekile ukucabangela ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ngoba I-sweet cherry frost ukumelana iphansi, futhi emaqanda amaqanda ngisho nezimpande zingase zife, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ngokucophelela isihlahla ebusika.
Futhi okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana ne-autumn yokutshala cherry
Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela ingadi kusuka ezinambuzane
Ukuqala engadini kuhlanzekile wonke amaqabunga awile namagatsha aqoshiwe okumelwe ashiswe. Emagqabeni awile nezinye izinhlayiyana kunezinombolo eziningi zezimpikiswano zezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingasifaka engadini yethu. Ngemuva kokumba indawo yenziwe, ukuze izibungu zazo zonke izilokazane eza zangena e-hibernation zabhujiswa yiqhwa.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 eyedlule, kwaqaphela ukuthi izihlahla zicwiliswe ngodayi, kulula ukubekezelela amaqhwa angaphezu kokungaphathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lime whitewash ivikela isihlahla ekushiseni ilanga - ngemva kokushona kwelanga ebusika kunomthelela oshisayo wokushisa, okungahle kube khona ukushisa kwe-thermophilic, futhi ubulale izibungu ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezisele emagodini omuthi ngezinambuzane.
Izihlahla ezincane zimhlophe isixazululo se-chaki, ngoba i-lime ingalimaza amagxolo awo asebuthakathaka.
Kuyaqinisekile ukugoqa ukugoqa izinto zokufudumala. Zingaba izigqoko ezihlukahlukene, amagagasi ophahleni, amagatsha ephayinsi namagatsha e-spruce, okubuye asetshenziselwe ukuveza umjikelezo oseduze. Lezi zinyathelo azidingi kuphela ukuba zivikeleke ehlathini, kodwa futhi ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane ezinkulu. Izimpande zomuthi zivikela ngokugcwele ukuqhuma kweqhwa elikhulu, kodwa iqhwa kufanele likhishwe emagatsheni, ngoba izinkuni ze-cherries zibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ukulimala kwamagatsha kungenzeka ngenxa yesisindo esinzima kubo.
Okungaphezulu kakhulu izinambuzane eziyingozi ngoba ama-cherries angaba yizinyoni ezingakwazi ukusibekela cishe yonke isitshalo emagatsheni avulekile, angavikelekile. Akumangalisi lobuhle bubizwa umuthi wezinyoni, izinyoni ziyakuthanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuba nzima ukuzivikela, umuthi ode kakhulu, ngisho noma usebenzisa zonke izindlela zokuzivikela (izinto ezibonakalayo ezikhanyayo, izici, izigubhu, izilwane ezigxiliwe, njll). Zonke lezi zinyathelo zivusa ukwesaba abagibeli abaphikisayo okwesikhashana.
Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi basebenzisa ukumboza amanetha ngezinkuniokulula futhi okulula ukusebenzisa - isilinganiso esinjalo sokuphepha sizokusiza ukugcina iningi lokuvuna kwakho. Enye yezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezincane kubhekwe njengesihlahla esingenasiphelo kanye ne-aphid, esonakalisa amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane esihlahla, okuqhamukayo, izibungu ezidla amajikijolo ngaphakathi. Ukuvikela umuthi kulezi zinambuzane Izixazululo ze-IntaVir ne-InsegarIzinkuni ezithathwe.
Ehlobo nasekwindla, kubalulekile ukucubungula isihlahla I-Bordeaux ingxube, okuzovimbela ukutheleleka kwensimu nge-moniliosis noma isikhunta esiyimpunga, i-coccomycosis nama-nodules. Ngaphambi kokucubungula kubalulekile ukuhlanza isihlahla kuzo zonke izindawo ezilimazwe izifo (amaqabunga, amagatsha, amajikijolo).
Njengoba i-cherry enhle iyisihlahla esingenasithelo, ngesikhathi sokutshala kuso kuyadingeka ukwakha ingadi ukuze okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zikhona ngenxa yokuvota impova. Futhi, izihlahla ze-cherry ziphelele ngale njongo, uma isikhathi sabo sokuvuthwa sihambisana ne-cherry.
Kungcono ukutshala i-cherry ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kungenjalo angeke abe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kweqhwa futhi akakwazi ukuma. Indawo yokufika kumele ilungiswe ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanza indawo kusuka kwamanxeba nama-debris, uthele kuze kufike ku-2 amabhakede ama-humus phansi kwesithungo sokufika, uhlanganise nomhlabathi bese ushiya kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Ngentwasahlobo engeza engozini efanayo superphosphate nomlotha, futhi konke kuxubile. Ayikho indlela ayikwazi ukungcwatshwa ngokujulile ukutshala emhlabathini, intamo yawo impande lapho ukutshala kufanele kube ngu-5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Njengoba i-cherry enhle imithi enkulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha amathathu.
