Mayelana ne-plums yamakholoni, abaningi bazwa okokuqala. Kodwa abalimi abanolwazi sebevele bakwazi ukuqonda lolu hlobo oluthile lokukhiqiza izihlahla ze-plum.
Phela, inzuzo yalo enkulu ngokuqondile ukungabikho kwamagatsha aluhlaza nomqhele omkhulu. Sizozama okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukukujwayela ngalezi plums ezinhle.
Yini ekhethekile kakhulu ngamaplamu wekoloniki?
Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala kwe-plums yi-columnar kubonakale kakhulu ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwama-apula kanye nama-pear. Lesi sizathu sokuntuleka kokuqwashisa ngokukhona kwalolu hlobo lweplamu phakathi kwabalimi abaningi. Iyini indlela lezi zinhlobonhlobo zeplamu ezakhiwe ngayo futhi kuyini?
Umlando wezihlahla ze-columnar
I-Kolonovidnye izihlahla zavela ngokuphelele ngengozi. Ngokuyinhloko, emuva kwe-60s yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, omunye umzalisi waseMelika wathola igatsha elingavamile emthini wesihlahla sama-apple aseMacintosh.
Kwakuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezinye, zakhula phezulu phezulu futhi zagcwala izithelo eziningi. Ngokwemvelo, usosayensi wazama ukusakaza leli gatsha, futhi emva kweminyaka emibili wakwazi ukuthola isivuno esikhulu futhi esikhulu kusukela ezihlahleni ezincane zekholomu. Ngakho, ukuhluka kokuqala kwe-columnar Apple Leader kwazalwa.
Ngemva kokubona ukuthi izihlahla zegadi ze-jardin ezimila kanjani ingaba nenzuzo, ososayensi bakwazi ukudala i-columnar pear ne-columnar plum, izinhlobo esizozichaza ngezansi.
Ngakho, plums colonic hhayi umphumela wokuzalanisa noma ubuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo. Ikholomu-sihlahla ukuguquka kwemvelo okulula, eyabonwa futhi yasakazwa ngempumelelo yindoda.
Incazelo ye-columnar plum
I-columnar plum ingachazwa njengomuthi omncane, onomqhele ongathuthuki futhi ongekho amagatsha. Umqhele walo uhlanganiswa ngesimo sephiramidi encane. Lo mqhele uqukethe umkhonto ovuthiwe kanye nezimpethu, ezikwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezanele futhi ezivuthiwe, noma yikuphi omunye umuthi ode kakhulu ongaba nomona.
Naphezu kokuthi umuthi ubonakala ubuthakathaka kakhulu, izinkuni zawo zihlala ziqinile kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, yena uyakwazi ukumelana nezivuno kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-12 kilogram (nakuba kusadingeka ukuhlanganisa izihlahla).
I-plummartar iphambene nobuciko bayo: lesi sihlahla singaletha isitshalo sokuqala eminyakeni emibili emva kokutshala.
Ukukhiqiza phakathi neminyaka yokuqala engu-6-7 kukhula njalo, ngokuqhubekayo, ngisho neminyaka engu-7-10 isehlala ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Futhi lapho uneminyaka engu-13-17 ubudala umuthi uyeka ukukhiqiza izitshalo, nakuba umuthi ngokwawo ungahlobisa ingadi yakho isikhathi eside.
I-plum efana ne-plum ehlukahlukene "Imperial"
Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo yizimpukane zayo ezingavamile futhi ezinkulu. Ngesisindo sabo, bashiya zonke izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-plums ezijwayelekile, ngoba ngokwesilinganiso isithelo esisodwa seplamu "Imperial" sinesisindo esingama-gramu angu-55.
Ukuma kwezithelo kuhlangene. Isisekelo sesithelo sincane kakhulu kunengxenye eyinhloko futhi sinokuphumula okuncane. Top izithelo kancane ecindezelekile. Isikhumba sisinyene kakhulu esakhiweni sawo, kodwa asithinti ukunambitheka okuyisisekelo kwesithelo.
Ama-plums embala "Imperial" angase ahluke. Izithelo ze-Pink-purple zivame kakhulu, kodwa kukhona amapulazi anombala obomvu obomvu.
Inyama yalezi zithelo imangalisa ngokumnandi kwayo. Unombala ophuzi wegolide futhi isakhiwo esibucayi kakhulu, sinejusi enkulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-pulp kuqukethe isisindo esanele ngokwanele ushukela, okuvumela ukuthi ama-tasters abeke ibanga Amamaki aphezulu wokunambitha izithelo zalo. Ngokwezinhloso zalo, ama-plums afaneleka kokubili ukusetshenziswa kokusha kanye nokukhanda.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo ze-plum efana ne-imperial "Imperial" isilinganiso. Okungaphezulu kakhulu Isikhathi esihle sokususwa kwezithelo kuphakathi kuka-Agasti..
Isihlahla se-plum ehlukahlukene "Imperial", njengalezo ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kunokukhula okubuthakathaka kakhulu. Fruiting umuthi ufinyelela ukuphakama kuphela amamitha angu-1.5-2. Umqhele unemikhonto yokuthela izithelo minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi kube yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ihlanganiswe.
Kodwa namanje, ubukhulu obuncane bomuthi abuvimbeli ukuba akhiqize izitshalo eziningi, okuyizinto ezihlukahlukene eziyigugu. Umuthi ungangena fruiting ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala. Ukutshala kungamjabulisa kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-15-17.
Okuwusizo kakhulu lapho utshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyinqwaba ye-fruiting nokuhlangana komuthi uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlangana komuthi kulula kakhulu njengendlela yokunakekela umuthi, kanye nenqubo yokuvuna.
Isihlahla sombusi "konorovidnaya" asidingeki, kuphela amagatsha abonakalisiwe futhi aphukile kufanele asuswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhulu kakhulu futhi zihlwabusayo, kodwa ngenxa yesikhumba saso ezinzima zingathunyelwa emabangeni amade.
Ezihlukahlukene yi-skoroplodny. Kufanelekile ukutshala emasimini asezimboni nasezindlini zasekhaya.
Amandla amancane namandla amancane izinkuni zidinga amanzi abuyele njalouma kungenjalo kungenzeka ukugoba ngaphezu kwesisindo sezithelo zawo. Futhi, iyakwazi ukushisa amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi idinga ukulungiswa okuhle nokuhle ebusika. Izitshalo zasebusika zinzima kakhulu ukubekezelela, ngakho kufanele zihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi kakade ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala umuthi ungaqala ukuqhakaza. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi senzakalo akufanele ujabule, ngoba ukuvuna okunjalo kungasusa kakhulu isihlahla, yingakho Izimbali zokuqala zeluleka ukuba zikhethe.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokunakekelwa nokutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-plums.
I-Blue Sweet Collar Ehlukile
Ubukhulu bezithelo ezihlukahlukene "Blue Sweet" kujabula ngisho abalimi abanolwazi kakhulu. Isisindo sabo sivame ukufinyelela amagremu angu-75. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinombala omnyama obomvu, ngenxa yalokho ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala zimnyama.
Esimweni, lezi plums ziyi-oval, ziphatheka kancane. Isikhumba sinobukhulu, sinayo i-wax eqinile kakhulu. Ziyizici futhi amaphuzu hypodermic, amancane kakhulu, kodwa anikezwa ngobuningi obukhulu.
I-pulp ye-plums ethi "Blue Sweet" inombala ophuzi noma obomvu (ikakhulukazi eduze kwesikhumba), iqukethe isamba esikhulu sejusi. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp - okumnandi nokumuncuuyakwazi ukuvuselela kahle.
Ubukhulu obuncane betshe buhlukaniswa kalula kalula no-pulp. Izithelo zomhlaba wonke, zingasetshenziswa ukudla okusha nokucubungula ama-compotes ahlukahlukene, amakhemikhali, ama-jams.
Ukuvuthwa izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene phakathi no-Agasti.
Ngokwemvelo, isihlahla salolu hlobo aluyona enkulu. Okukhulu ukuphakama umuntu omdala ugcwele umuthi ungamamitha angu-2.2 kuphela. Umqhele unesimo esincane se-pyramidal futhi ufinyelela ububanzi obunamaphesenti angama-70-90.
Ngakho-ke, lesi sihlahla sihlangene futhi sikhululekile kakhulu ekulimeni. Amagatsha omuthi anikezwa ngemikhonto ethwala izithelo nemifino, egcwele izithelo ngesikhatsi se-fruiting period.
Ukuthela leli banga liphakeme, ngenkathi eyodwa ikuvumela ukuba uqoqe mayelana 12-15 kilogram izithelo ezinkulu. Izinkuni zomuthi zinamandla okwanele ukulwa nezinhlobo ezinjalo zezithelo, kodwa ukunakekelwa ngokweqile nokubopha iplamu esigxotsheni kuzokunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo esihlahleni bese kukukhulula ekuhluphekeni.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi imvamisa yefruiting yalezi ezihlukahlukene ingacatshangwa, okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi i-fruiting ku-kolchatka ingase ibe enye.
Izithelo ezinhle, ezinkulu futhi ezihlwabusayo zokunambitheka okuqabulayo yizinto eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo ze "Blue Sweet". Izithelo azikona kuphela isethulo esihle, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ukuhamba ngezindawo ezimfushane.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umuthi ohlangene uvumela ukuthi ugxile engxenyeni encane ingadi enothile kakhulu ye-plum, efuna ukuthi kungabi nhlobo isondlo futhi iyasebenza lapho kuvuna.
Varietal varietal, uletha isivuno ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula. Ukuphikisana kwezinhlobonhlobo zeqhwa kuphakeme, nakuba kukhulu kakhulu kunabantu abade.
I-Blue Sweet Plum engakwazi ukuzakhela impovaKule njongo, kutuswa ukusebenzisa impova kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zeplamu njengo "Stanley" noma "Blue Free". Ngaphezu kwalokho, esihlahleni somuthi ngokuvamile singabhekana nesithwathwa, ngenxa yokuthi singahlukanisa kabili, okudala izinkinga eziningi ukubuyisela isimo esijwayelekile somqhele wesihlahla.
Kulezi zihlukahlukene, njengeplamu "Imperial" ivame ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wokutshala. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqapha kahle isimo somuthi futhi, kulokhu, unqume zonke izimbali.
Indlela yokunakekela iplamu yekholomu
Ukusika izihlahla zesihlahla
Ngokukhipha izihlahla, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke kakhulu, ngoba i-columnar idonsa cishe ayidingi, futhi ngisho nezenzakalo ezithathwe ngeke zilethe inkathazo enkulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokucophelela ukukhula kweziqongweni futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amaqhwa ebusika akawonakali. Uma konke kuhambisane naye, khona-ke phakathi nonyaka owodwa okhulayo uzokhula kulo, okuzoba ukuqhubeka komqhubi.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo kumqhubi abavela emncintiswaneni ngesimo sama-2 noma amathathu amahlumela. Uma zingasusiwe, umqhele ngeke uthuthuke ngendlela efanele, ngendlela yezimpondo. Ngakho-ke, kusuka emncintiswaneni abasafufusa kudingeka akhethe enye yezinto ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, kanti konke okumele kususwe.
Ukudubula kungenziwa futhi ukuze kufakwe amahlumela ehlumela ama-rootstocks kwezinye izihlahla. Igatsha likwazi ngisho ukuxhunyelelwa ekumpandeni kwamaplamu amaningi ajwayelekile.. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe amahlumela angu-15 noma angu-20 ububanzi.
Senza umanyolo we-plum
Ku-fertilizer, umuthi wekholomu awukona ikakhulukazi i-whimsical, kodwa kufanele kube nokudla okuvamile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, i-columnar plum idinga ukudliwa kathathu nge-urea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphela amagremu ama-50 kuphela omanyolo asetshenziswa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Isihlahla esisodwa sanele 2 amalitha esixazululo esiholela. Ukondla kwenziwa ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- I-1st - ngemva kokuhluma kwesihlahla kanye nokungena kwayo esikhathini esizayo;
- 2 - amasonto amabili emva kokuqala;
- 3 rd - kwamanye amaviki amabili.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula, inqubo yokwakheka nokukhula kwesimiso somuthi ingahle ivuselelwe ngokusizwa ngokusizwa kokudla okumpande. Kulokhu, isisombululo semithi efana ne-heteroauxin isetshenziswa kaningi.
Kubalulekile ngoba kakade ngonyaka wesibili umuthi ungathela izithelo futhi ukuze kuvezwe izithelo ezinhle, kudinga ukondla izakhi ezivela enhlabathini ngendlela enamandla ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi lokhu kuqondiswa uhlelo olujulile lwempande.
Ehlobo (isigamu sokuqala sikaJuni) nokugqoka entwasahlobo kungase kuhlanganise nokuphuza umuthi nge-slurry. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-saltpeter ekubalweni kwe-1 tbsp. 1 ibhakede lamanzi.
Manje mayelana nokuchelela
Udinga ukuphuza iplamu njalo., ukulawula isimo somswakama womhlabathi. Ngalokho, kufanele kwenziwe kokubili entwasahlobo, nasehlobo nasekwindla. Ukunisela kuvame ukuqhutshwa okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga, kodwa ngesomiso esinamandla, izikhathi ziyanciphisa.
Ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane
Ama-plums afana ne-colon ayamelana ngokwanele nezifo nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Kodwa-ke, uma umuthi ungekho umquba, amanzi, noma uthinteka yiqhwa, uzoba nesifo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic ngosizo lwamalungiselelo ahloselwe izikhukhula ezijwayelekile.
Ngokupuniza, kungenzeka futhi ukwandisa isivuno esiphelele.
Ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika
Ukukhishwa kwamakholoni, ikakhulukazi eneminyaka engu-1-2 kuya kakhulu besaba amazinga okushisa aphansi ngakho-ke kudinga ukunakwa okuningi. Ebusika, udinga ukulungisa kahle izinkuni, usebenzisa zonke izindlela ezikhona.
Kungcono ukumboza isihlahla somuthi ngeqhwa elisha, futhi kukho ukubeka inqwaba yokhula, ufulawa, amagatsha e-fir tree. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zizogcina iplamu hhayi kuphela emakhazeni, kodwa futhi kusukela kumagundane ahlukahlukene, okufisa ukudla okunamandla ngokuqala kweqhwa neqhwa.
Imithetho kanye nezici zokutshala ipulazi
Indlela yokukhetha isampula
Isithombo esimisiwe sekholomu singcono ukukhetha unyaka owodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, isihlahla esivuthiwe sizothatha isikhathi eside futhi sinzima kakhulu ukugxila endaweni entsha, kungase kube nezifo. Ngokucophelela udinga ukuhlola uhlelo lwempande yesithombo bese ukhetha isihlahla esinempilo futhi singasomisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla ngeke samukelwe.
Ukuhlelwa kwensimu ye-coloniki ye-plums
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbini ezimbili ze-columnar plum emgqeni ofanayo kungaba ngamasentimitha angu-30 noma angu-40. Leli banga lizoba ngokwanele ukuba bahlakulele kahle futhi bathele izithelo. Kodwa-ke, indawo ye-aisle akumele ibe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1, ukhetho olungcono luyoba ibanga lama-1.5-2 wamamitha.
Ukufika ngokuqondile
Umgodi wokutshala i-colloidal plum seedling ugugu kusengaphambili. Ngosayizi kufanele kube kabili ubukhulu besistimu yayo, ngoba ngezansi ngaphambi kokutshala sichitha ingxube yomhlabathi ngamanyolo.
Kufika kuma-gramu angu-100 we-superphosphate kuze kube ngu-80 amagremu we-potassium angasetshenziswa njengama-fertilizer amaminerali. Futhi, ngokusekelwe emgodini owodwa kumele kusetshenziswe cishe ngo-3-4 kilograms of humus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wonke umanyolo onomswakama uyadluliselwa phansi ngokuqondile ngosuku lokulungiselela, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi lapho imbewu isitshala khona le nhlabathi inesikhathi sokuxazulula.
Sinciphisa isithombo emgodini ukuze isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lihlale lingaphezulu kwenhlabathi futhi silala nomhlaba ngaphandle kokufaka umquba.
Masinyane emva kokutshala, umuthi kufanele uphuze kahle kakhulu, ngoba iplamu ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama kahle.
Iya kumigomo yokufika
Ukutshala umuthi kunconywa entwasahlobo, ngoba isihlahla esitshalwe ekwindla angeke sikwazi ukubekezelela amaphuphu ebusika. Uma wena, ngemuva kwakho konke, wanquma ukutshala ipulasitiki ekwindla, kungcono ukuwugxilisa umhlaba ngendlela yokuthi iqhwa eliye lawa lihlanganisa ngokuphelele.
Ukutshala izitshalo kwenziwa emva kokudonsa okuphelele kwenhlabathi. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 ngemuva kweqhwa. Kodwa, ngokufika akukona ukulibala, kufanele kwenzeke emavikini angu-1-2 alandelayo.
