Funda konke mayelana nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula kunzima kakhulu. Phela, kumasayithi amaningi ungathola kuphela imininingwane edingekayo yolwazi oludingekayo.
Kulesi sihloko sazama ukuvumelanisa yonke idatha ewusizo futhi edingekayo kulabo abazokhula ezihlukahlukene zama-apula "iZhigulevskoe" esakhiweni sabo segadi.
Ngaphezu kwezici zezidingo ezicacisiwe zokutshala nokunakekelwa komuthi.
Konke mayelana ne-apula "Zhigulevskoe"
Leli banga elihle kunazo zonke lama-apula linikeza isitshalo ekuwa, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Wakhe izithelo zihambisana nesitoreji esideNgokuba yikuphi okuthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Ingakwazi ukukhula emhlabathini ongenamhlabathi, isakazwa ezindaweni eziseduze nenyakatho (indawo ephakathi nendawo yezulu futhi ngenhla yizingxenye eziphakathi nendawo ezisenyakatho ye-Ukraine, iBelarus kanye nezifunda eziphakathi kweRussia).
Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngenxa yokuwela kweziphuzo ezifana neBorovinka Ordinary (elingana nobunzima bebusika) kanye ne-Wagner Prize. Kungenziwa impova yi-Antonovka, ibanga le "Minsk" futhi ngokwemvelo lifanayo "iBorovinka".
Incazelo yezithelo ezihlukahlukene "Zhigulevskoe"
Ingcebo enkulu yalezi ezihlukahlukene yiyo izithelo ezinkuluokuyinto mass kungaba ukufinyelela 200 kuya 350 amagremu. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zingama-apula owodwa-anesisindo esingu-160 amagremu. Ngomumo, zigcwele izindlu noma zizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi izithelo zibhekwa ngokugubha. Isikhumba salesi sithelo sinomdlandla kakhulu futhi sinamafutha kakhulu. Kodwa ebusweni be-apula, ama-bumps amancane ahlambalazayo ahlambalayo angabonakala ebukeka njengama-warts amancane.
Umbala wezithelo ngokuyisisekelo ine-tint ephuziehlanganiswe ne-blush evulekile phezulu ngenhlobo yezinsimbi ezibomvu eziqinile. Lokhu kuhlunga kungabamba cishe yonke indawo yesithelo, okwenza kube mnandi kakhulu futhi unikeze isethulo esiphakeme. Nakuba izithelo zinezinombolo ezincane zamaphuzu angaphansi, ziyaphela ngenxa yeso lomuntu.
Isiqu sezithelo ezivuthiwe singaba yisikhathi eside noma esiphakathi, kodwa kunalokho kunzima. Izithelo zibuye zibheke ngombhoshongo ojulile futhi obanzi, isikhumba esingaba yi-corky. Ikomishi le-apula lingase lihluke, kodwa iningi linesayizi elijwayelekile.
I-saucer nayo ijulile, eyenza izindonga zayo zipholile (ngezinye izikhathi zingabanjwa). I-Podchashechnaya tube ngefomu le-funnel. Isidleke sembewu enezimbewu ezivaliwe ziphakathi kwesithelo; ukuma kufana no-anyanisi. Imbewu encaneUmbala unombala omnyama.
I-pulp yesithelo esivuthiwe sinombala wekhilimu. Ngokwakhiwa, kuhlanganiswa kakhulu. Ukuze ukunambitheka inyama inomusa kakhulu, enhle futhi enomuncu.
Izithelo zivuthiwe kanyekanye ngo-September. Nokho, eminyakeni eshisayo eyomile, ukuvuthwa kungenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kugcinwe ama-apula kungaba mayelana isikhathi eside - izinyanga ezintathu.
Izithelo zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezehlukene zomkhaya, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngokudla kanye nokugaya. Embonini, empeleni ayisetshenziswa.
Izici ezihlukile zomuthi
Umuthi kulezi zihlukahlukene uthathwa njengokukhula okusheshayo futhi bear izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Umqhele oqala ukuthela izithelo unomqondo obanzi we-pyramidal namagatsha aphuma e-trunk ngakwesokudla.
Inzuzo yomqhele wukuthi ayihlanganisiwe, ukuze imisebe yelanga ingene phakathi. Umbala wamagatsha ikakhulukazi unobundu. Amahlumela awakhiwe ngokushesha kakhulu, amaqabunga avusa ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukwakheka kwesithelo esihlahleni kwenzeka ku kolchatka nemikhonto (amahlumela).
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Zhigulevskoe": incazelo yamahlumela namaqabunga
Esihlahleni esincane sakha amahlumela aqinile futhi aqondile, aphakanyiswe phezulu. Ngombala ihlumela umnyama omnyama.
Amaqabunga akhiwa emahlumela, kunalokho akhulu. Umbala - obuluhlaza obukhulu. Ifomu leaf is oblong-ovate. Ipuleti leshidi lifakiwe, liboshwe ngesimo somkhumbi nge-tip esontekile phezulu. I-scape yeqabunga lamasayizi ajwayelekile, anciphisa
I-inflorescences iqukethe izimbali ezinkulu. Njengoba i-blooms yomuthi iqala kakhulu, izimbali zokuqala zingonakaliswa yiqhwa. Isikhathi semifino yomuthi singaba yizinsuku ezingu-175.
Ubuhle be-apula nezithelo
Hlunga ngakwesokudla kubhekwa njengento ephakeme futhi evumelayo, ngoba kakade eneminyaka engu-5-6 inani lezithelo eziqoqiwe lifinyelela kuma-240 kilograms ngomuthi ngamunye.
Ukuvuna njalo Lapho esencane, izihlahla ezivuthiwe zingathela izithelo ngezikhathi ezithile kodwa zingakapheli inani lemvuno.
Izihlahla nezithelo zalolu hlobo ukumelana nokukhwabanisa.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinesethulo esiphakeme. Izithelo ezigcinwe cishe izinyanga ezintathu.
Izinhlobo zemithi "Zhigulevskoe" ezifanele ukutshala nokulima emasimini ajwayelekile.
Kodwa kunezimo ezimbi ezihlukahlukene
Ngeshwa, i- "Zhigulevskoe" inezinselele eziningana.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuphikiswa okuvamile kwezihlahla kuya emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Nakuba umuthi nezithelo zawo ukumelana nesifo esiyinhloko se-apula scab, kuvame ukuthinteka isizukulwane sesibili senundu. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kufanele bachithe imizamo eminingi ukuze basindise izitshalo zabo.
Ukungahambi kahle kuyimithi yezihlahla ze-fruiting, ezenzeka ekukhuleni.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo "Lobo"
Ukutshala ngokufanele imbewu ye-apula "Zhigulevskoe"
Ukuhlwanyela kahle kangakanani imbewu yakho ngeke kuxhomeke ekutheni ngabe kuyothathwa yini noma cha, kodwa nokuthi hlobo luni lokuvunwa lungatholakala emthini.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela isikhathi sokutshala, ngoba umuthi we-apula weZhigulevskoye ufanelekile kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-nuances zokufika. Ngakho-ke, cishe ngamunye wabo ngokulandelana.
Sikhetha futhi silungise inhlabathi yokutshala
Isihlahla sithanda kakhulu kakhulu inhlabathi evundile ngamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho inhlabathi enjalo engadini yakho, kuzodingeka uyilungiselele ngokucophelela.
Inhlabathi efanelekayo ye-apula yi-medium loamy. Ungatshali umuthi onjalo emanzini anosawoti.
Okokuqala kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umgodi wokutshala i-apula kufanele ulungiselelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo.
Sasidla inhlabathi evundile, ngaphezu kwalokho yenza ukuthi akudingekile, nje ushiye imbobo ukuze ilahle. Emhlabathini onjalo womuthi uyoba nokujula ngokwanele umgodi nobubanzi bamamitha angu-60.
Umhlabathi wezobuhlengikazi awunhle kakhulu, ukujula komgodi kufanele kwandiswe kumamitha ayi-1. Uma ugoba umgodi, lahla uhlaka olungenhlabathi oluvundile ohlangothini olulodwa futhi phansi kwesinye kwesinye. Ingqimba ephezulu kamuva isetshenziselwa ukuxuba nama-fertilizer.
Umhlabathi phansi kwegodini kufanele uqhubeke ngokuya cishe ngamasentimitha angu-15. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugcwaliswe inhlabathi ene-oxygen eningi.
Ukukhetha ukuthungatha
Ukupakisha Ukutshala kumele kube neminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Uqinisekile kufanele igonywe. Ukukhetha umuthi omncane, qaphela uhlelo lwaso lwenzimpande: kufanele kube okungenani okungenani izimpande ezimbili ze-skeletal, cishe amasentimitha angu-30 ubude, nezimpande ze-lobe. Bheka ukuthi izimpande zomile, kungenjalo isihlahla sakho ngeke sikwazi ukuqala.
Uma uthenge isiteji ekwindla, futhi ufuna ukuyihlwanyela kuphela entwasahlobo, khona-ke ungagcina umuthi ulula kakhulu ensimini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele u-prikopayte emgodini ongajulile, onama-30 cm ububanzi obujulile. Kumele zibeke izimpande futhi ziwaphuze kahle.
Ukukhetha indawo
Isihlahla se-Apple kakhulu kakhulu uthanda ilangaNgakho-ke, indawo emnyama ayifanelekile kuye. Khetha ukutshala indawo evulekile. Uma ubeka ingadi, futhi ubale ukuthi lezi zihlahla ezindala azithuli.
Ukuthambisa okuqondile ngokutshala
Hlola futhi ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufika. izimpande zezimbali. Uma kutholakala yonakalisiwe - wabo kufanelekile ukusika bese ungena emhlabathini wodaka.
Okulandelayo, hlanganisa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi owususile lapho ugoba imbobo nge 2-3 amabhakede humus. Kubuye kudingeke ukwengeze ngamagremu angu-150 e-superphosphate nama-65 amagremu womanyolo womanyolo kulo mxube.
Uma inhlabathi ingenalo nhlobo, engeza umanyolo omncane we-nitrogen (saltpeter) kuwo. Izitshalo ezixubile kahle nomhlabathi zithonywa emgodini nge-knoll.
Manje faka esitokisini sokugoba.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intamo yayo impande ibe ngamasentimitha angama-3 ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlaba. Kungenxa yokuthi ngemuva kokunciphisa inhlabathi kuyowela futhi kufanele ibe ncamashi ezingeni lomhlabathi noma 1-2 cm ngaphansi. Kubalulekile ukungavumeli ukuthi itshalwe kakhulu, noma ukuthi izimpande ziphuma ngaphandle.
Izimpande zesikhulumi zisakazeka phezu komgodlana ohlangene, esiwuthululela emgodini. Okulandelayo, yonke ingxube yenhlabathi nomanyolo ithululelwa ezimpandeni. Umhlabathi kufanele uvalwe kahle ngezinyawo.
Ingqimba engezansi yensimbi, esiyibumba lapho senza imbobo, ilele phansi kakhulu futhi into okufanele yenziwe ukuze ifane ne-shaft encane ukuze igcine amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Ukuphuza izithombo emva kokutshala
Masinyane emva kokutshala umuthi kufanele uthele 2-3 amabhakede amanzi. Emoyeni owomile, ukuchelela kufanele kuphindwe njalo. Futhi, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo kumele ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus (ungqimba kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-7).
Kubalulekile nokuba njalo ukukhulula umhlaba. Lokho kuzosheshisa imali engenayo empilweni yamanzi hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi nomoya.
I-apple yomuthi wokunakekela "iZhigulevskoe"
Akekho omangazwa ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuhle kuyisici ekuvuneni okuhle. Ukuze ungalimazi i-apula encane, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ngokugcwele izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekelwa.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Sapling
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isithombo sidinga ukuchelela ngokucophelela. Kumelwe ukuphuza umuthi kufanele kube kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshalwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo.
Ukuze amaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi yesihlahla avuke ngokushesha, amahlumela esithombo seminyaka athulwe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-35.
Futhi inqwabelene wonke umuntu amagatsha awonakele. Ukwenza lokhu, kuwufanelekile ukusebenzisa ummese wensimu ebukhali ukuze wenze isithombe esincane semfanelo ephezulu futhi kungabangeli umonakalo owengeziwe. Amagatsha abonakalisiwe noma omisiwe anqunywe ngendlela yokuthi angashiyi ngisho ne "penelette".
Uma umuthi utshalwe ekwindla, kunengqondo ukwenza izihlahla kuphela entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga. Uma kungenjalo, ungakwazi ukufaka iqhwa ekukhunjweni kwesithombo, okungase kungabi nokuqhakaza entwasahlobo.
Ukunakekela izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo nasehlobo
Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekela i-apula emthonjeni ukusika izihlahla, ngosizo olwenziwa ngalo umqhele, umhlophe kanye nomanyolo.
Ukutshala umuthi kudinga izixazululo eziqukethe nitrogen. Ngalo, izinqubo zemifino zomuthi ziyasebenza. Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe emgodini ovuliwe ngokukhethekile ngale njongo ezungeze isiqu somuthi.
Ukuvikela bark apula izihlahla ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane - kufanele ukucwilisa. Isikhathi, ngokuyisisekelo, kulokhu ungakhetha noma yikuphi, kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi izinsuku zingadli.
Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu entwasahlobo ufafaze i-apulaukuze lingabambi isiko kanye nezinambuzane. Kunconywa ukufeza le nqubo kathathu - ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela likhule, ngesikhathi sokukhula nokunye isikhathi esilandelayo.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo udinga ukuqapha ukoma kwenhlabathi. Uma usungula isomiso - kufanelekile ukuphuza umuthi njalo. Futhi, ehlobo kuyadingeka ukondla i-apula nge-nitrogen noma i-sulfate yethusi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-autumn kwe-apula "iZhigulevskoe"
I-autumn ibalulekile ukhulule umhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ukuze zigcwale umoya isikhathi eside ebusika. Ukuze lesi sihlahla singabi nesifo seqhwa, kufanele sishiswe. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kanye nomanyolo - faka isihlahla somuthi nge peat noma humus.
Kubalulekile ukwenza umanyolo ngaphambi kokuba kube khona amaqhwa, ngakho-ke abanayo isikhathi sokuthi angene emhlabathini futhi akhuthaze ukukhula kwe-apula. Futhi, esikhaleni esiseduze ne-apula ungayiphakamisa iqhwa.
Kunconywe ukuvikelwa kusuka emaqanda kanye namagundane amancane uphahla isiqu se-apulaukubopha nge-twine. Futhi, kokubili ukugxila nokuvikela umuthi kusuka kumagundane, ngokuvamile ama-shafts of material roofing afakwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke umuthi omncane wasinda ebusika kalula futhi wawungeke ubonakaliswe yimimoya eqinile yeqhwa, okuyiyo Amagatsha anconywa ukuba ahlanganiswe nezigxobo ezikhethekileokuyinto eqhutshwa emhlabathini eduze nesitsha. Le nombolo ingahle ilandelwe eduze kwegatsha ngalinye.
Uma ulandela wonke lawa mathiphu okunakekela, umuthi uzonikeza isivuno esihle.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu lapho utshala i-apula
Kubalimi abanamakhadi, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ngalesi sigaba, kusukela lapha sizokhomba amaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu okufanele agwenywe lapho kutshalwa isihlahla.
Thenga izithombo ezilinganiselwe
Lapho ukhetha isitsha sokutshala, abaningi bathambekele ekukhethweni kwesihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke. Phela, isihlahla esinjalo sinzima kakhulu ukwamukela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwempande oluhle kakhulu, okulula kakhulu ukulimala. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nomuthi waminyaka yonke onakekelwa kahle uzokwazi ukuthola isipela sonyaka ongu-3 ekuthuthukisweni.
Tshala umuthi ngesikhathi
Uma ubona izithombo emakethe, ungasheshi ukuzithenga. Emva kwakho konke, ngokuqondene nazo zonke izitshalo, kunezikhathi ezanele zokufakelwa ama-apula. Ukutshala kabusha i-apula isihle kakhulu ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kodwa kungenjalo, hhayi ngaphambili, ngoba isitshalo esincane sithatha ama-jus and dissolves, futhi ngokufakelwa kabusha uzosiphazamisa kakhulu le nqubo.
Ukulungiselela i-Pit
Sitsho kakade ngaphezu kwalokho umgodi ngoba ukutshala izithombo kufaneleke lungiselela kusengaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho, umgodi owubambe kusengaphambili uzogcwala umoya ophefumulayo futhi ungawufaka kangcono kakhulu.
Ungadluli ngomanyolo
Kunengqondo ukuthi wonke umnikazi uzama ukutshala umuthi wakhe ngangokunokwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inani elikhulu lomanyolo lizolimaza kakhulu imbewu. Ngakho-ke, funda ngokucophelela ukuthi yini nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele zisetshenziswe enhlabathini ezungeze umuthi we-apula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi ngesikhathi sokutshala basebenzisa indlela endala bese bebeka phansi emgodini. Naphezu kokuthi kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwe-apula, kungabangela "ukuchofoza" kwezimpande zomuthi uma kungenakukwazi ukubola ngokushesha ngenxa yezimo zezulu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuchelela izihlahla ezincane ngamanzi nge-ammonia kuyingozi kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuyasiza kakhulu ama-apula asebekhulile, angamisa ukukhula kwesithombo.
