Lesi sihloko sibonisa zonke izici ezinjalo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zama-apula ehlobo njenge "Melba" (noma "Melba"). Konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi, okuqoqwe lapha ngokuqondile ukukunikeza ulwazi olunembile kakhulu nolwalusebenzayo mayelana nalo.
Sizoxoxa ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezinsalela zalezi zinhlobonhlobo, futhi sigxile ezintweni zokutshala izihlahla nokunakekelwa komuthi kuzo zonke izikhathi zonyaka.
Zonke izimfihlo ze-apula izinhlobo "Melba"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula zivame kakhulu phakathi kwendawo yezulu ephakathi futhi ziphelele ukukhula ensimini ye-Ukraine, iBelarus neRussia (ngaphandle kweNyakatho, i-Urals neMpumalanga Ekude).
Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngokuhlwanyela ngokukhululekile imbewu ye-apula yempova "Makentosh". Ihlukana ukunambitheka okhethekile kwezithelo ezivuthwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti.
Kodwa-ke, uma uzohlwanyela uMelba esakhiweni sakho, kuyasiza ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nalezi zihlukahlukene, esikufunayo ukukunika.
Izithelo zama-apple izinhlobo Melba: incazelo yama-apula
Isici esihlukile salezi apula yisayizi yabo evamile kanye nomumo ohlangene ohlangene, lapho ingxenye enkulu kakhulu khona. Futhi, ukukhwabanisa kwabo okubonakalayo kuwo wonke ubuso bomntwana. Ubuso besikhumba bubushelelezi kakhulu futhi bunamathele ekuthinteni, okuqinisekisiwe ukuba khona kwe-wax.
Umbala oyinhloko wama-apula aseMelba uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onesibopho sombala obomvu "obomvu", obamba isigamu sesikhumba. I-fetus ibonakala ngokubonakala ngokucacile kwamaphoyinti amhlophe, nakuba ubukhulu bayo abukhulu.
Umgodi wezithelo ezivuthiwe ujulile, kodwa hhayi ikakhulukazi ububanzi, ngesigamu esincane esiphakathi. I-saucer yama-apula incane, inokujula okulinganiselwe. Ikomishi le-saucer ivaliwe. Inhliziyo ayikho enkulu, inomumo ifana ne-anyanisi. Emakamelo okuhlwanyela imbewu agcinwa imbewu enkulu yokwakheka, eqoshiwe enombala.
Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ukunambitha i-pulp yama-apula "Melba" amnandi futhi anomuncukodwa une-flavor enamandla ye-candy ne-aroma. Ihlukana nojuji olukhethekile kanye nesisa. Umbala we-pulp unombala weqhwa.
Inani le-ascorbic acid, elifakwe ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali wezithelo, okulinganiselwa ku-13.4 mg ngamagremu angu-100 we-pulp.
Ukusetshenziswa okusetshenzisiwe kwezithelo
Izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-apula "Melba" Kunconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni ama-compotes namajusi. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa izithelo inikezwa yi-juice enkulu ema-apula.
Futhi, izithelo ezivuthiwe zifanelekile zokuhamba futhi zinezethulo eziphakeme. Egcinwe ezimweni ezibandayo (eziqandisini) zingahlala ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Izici ze-apple tree "Melba"
Imithi yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ihluke ekuphakameni okuphakathi, okumele kucatshangelwe lapho ihlela insimu futhi ivumela ukubeka inamba enkulu ngokwanele yezithombo ezindaweni ezincane.
Umqhele womuthi unomumo ozungezayo, amagatsha awo anamagxolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Fruiting ivela ngohlobo oluxubile., kodwa ikakhulukazi inani elikhulu lezithelo eziboshelwe kolchatkah.
Intsha Izihlahla ziqondile kepha zikhulu esiqu. Amagxolo awo anombala we-cherry okhanyayo.
Amahlumela alezi zihlukahlukene ahluke kanjani?
Ubuningi bamahlumela e-apula buyingxenye, ngesimo sredneushennye
Amahlamvuezakhiwa emahlumela ube nesimo se-oval oblong. Ngokuvamile, cishe ziqondile, kodwa ngamahlumela amakhulu futhi aqinile angashintsha ngendlela enamandla kakhulu futhi avule phezulu. Umbala wamaqabunga uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tinge ephuzi.
Izimbali zivela efihlekileokuyinto eqoshwe ezimhlophe futhi pink nge purple tinge. Amacembe embali anemibala ebomvu, enomumo, asondelene futhi athole kancane phezu komunye.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukufunda ngezinhlobo ze-apula zokuvuthwa kwephuzile.
Ubuhle be-apula
Isici esiyingqayizivele ngenxa yokuthi abalimi abaningi bakhetha izinhlobonhlobo "uMelba" wakhe ubuqili. Izithelo zekhwalithi ezanele zingatholakala emthini iminyaka engama-4-5. Ungakhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ibanga plus libuye isivuno esikhuluokwenzeka emithini encane minyaka yonke. Ngokuyinhloko, lapho ubeka imithi engu-8x3 wamamitha, Isivuno sesilinganiso sinabantu abangaba ngu-93 abangama-hektare ngalinye. Ngama-margins aphakathi kwezihlahla, isivuno esivamile singakhuphuka ngabanye abantu abangama-80.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza futhi ngamathuba okucubungula izithelo kanye nesethulo sabo esiphakeme.
Izinkinga zikaMelba
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ukutshala kuphela emgwaqeni ophakathi, okuyiyo izinga lokushisa elincane eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni ezifanelekile, umuthi kufanele uvikelwe kusuka efrijini.
Futhi izihlahla zithandwa umonakalo wesikhumba, okungabonakalisa kakhulu umuthi, futhi kuthinte isivuno.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi abantu abadala kanye nezihlahla ezindala bangathela izithelo ngezikhathi ezithile, okunciphisa ngokucacile ukufaneleka kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Senza ukutshala okulungile kwe-apple sapling "Melba"
Uma uzohlwanyela umuthi we-apula walolu hlobo, kufaneleka ukuphawula kuphela umqhele omuhle womuthi, ozohlobisa ingadi yakho, kodwa futhi ukwesaba amazinga okushisa aphansi. Lezi zinto zithinta kakhulu ukukhetha kwesifunda sokutshala isihlahla.
Izici zokuhlelwa kwemigqa yezihlahla
I-Apple "Melba" kufanele itshalwe emigqeni yamamitha angu-8x3, ukunikeza umqhele okwanele isikhala ukuze ukhule futhi ungayithuli umuthi ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuvuna.
Uma uzosebenzisa isikhala phakathi kwezihlahla zokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zemifino futhi ukwandise isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo, kufanele utshale izithombo endaweni yesikwele esingu-7x7 wamamitha.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhethwa ukuba zithole inhlabathi ngesistimu yokudonsa okuhle. Okusho ukuthi, umuthi wesaba amanzi angaphansi komhlabalokho kungafika eduze. Ngakho-ke, utshale i-apula kufanele akhethe ubuso obuhle noma ukumba imvula ekhethekile eduze nensimu ezolawula izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Okungaphezulu kakhulu uhlobo lomhlabathi olufanele ngoba "uMelby" yimihlabathi enhlelapho umuthi we-apula uzonikeza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu.
KuMelby, inhlabathi ecacile ayifanelekile, ngakho-ke inqwaba ye-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula iyafakwa emhlabathini, okuzoqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni zomuthi.
Ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani ukutshala izithombo zikaMelba?
Ukungafani kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene yilokho ukuzivocavoca wakhe ukufika Kunconywa maphakathi nekwindlacishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala langempela.
Shiya ukutshala ulungiselela kusengaphambili. Uma umba umgodi, khumbula ukuthi uzodinga ukufaka ingxube yomanyolo phansi, ngakho-ke ukujula kwayo kumele kube okungenani amasentimitha angu-70. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukucabangela futhi uhlelo lwempande le-seedling: uma lukhulu kakhulu, umgodi kufanele uhambisane.
Ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bube ngamamitha ayi-1. Kunconywa ukuba uhlukanise umhlaba ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezimbili, ngokukhipha isendlalelo esivundile esiphezulu, futhi okwesibili - okuphansi. Uma uguqe umgodi, kunconywa ukuba ufake amathini amathini namagobolondo ama-walnut kuwo.
Okuqondile ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa cishe isonto noma amabili emva kokulungisa umgodi. Ingxube ye-topsoil eneziqu ezihlukahlukene, njenge-peat kanye ne-humus, ithululelwa phansi. Ukuwa emgodini olele, kancipha kancane.
Uma isithombo sakho sincane kakhulu, futhi akukho ukuvikelwa komoya okuzungezile, Kunconywa kanye nesithombo ukumba isibalo sembobookumele unamathisele umuthi omncane. Ngakho-ke, uzoyilondoloza emimoyeni ye-vilnyh futhi kusuka ekulimaleni okungenzeka yizilwane.
Sinikeza i-apula ngesihlahla esihle futhi isivuno esihle.
Ukunakekela isihlahla kumele kube njalo futhi ucabange zonke izici zonyaka.
Zalisa umuthi
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zomanyolo. Uma utshale insimu enhlabathini evundile, bese unyaka wokuqala awufanele ukwenze.
Khona-ke lesi sihlahla sizohlanzwa nge-nitrogen ehlobo futhi ukubeka isihlahla somuthi ngaphambi ebusika nge-humus ne-peat. Kulokho, isihlahla somuthi siboshwe ngamanyolo phambi kwamaqhwa, ukuze kuvinjelwe izidakamizwa ezinomsoco ekufinyeleleni izimpande futhi zingabangeli ukukhula okungadingekile.
Futhi Umanyolo omkhulu we-apula izixube ze-superphosphate ne-potassium, i-chloride ye-sodium, nomlotha.. Uma wenza umanyolo wamanzi kusuka emalungiselelweni nezinyathelo ezikhonjisiwe, kunconywa ukuba ungangenisi ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kodwa ungene emgodini owubumbene eduze komjikelezo womuthi, kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-10 ejulile.
Amaqabunga awile, utshani omdala, ongasenqatshwa phansi emhlabathini ozungeza isiqu se-apula, uzosebenza njengomanyolo omuhle.
Ukumba
Ukumba umhlabathi kufanele futhi ube njalo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Lokhu kuzokwenza umuthi ube nesilinganiso esidingekayo se-oxygen futhi uzosheshisa ingress yomanyolo ohlelweni lwempande.
Yiya ekunciphiseni amagatsha.
Amagatsha amancane Izihlahla ze-apula zingcono entwasahlobolapho umuthi usanda kuqala ukuqhakaza. Ukusika akudingekile futhi kuphazamisa ukukhula kwamagatsha amakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele omuhle nolungile ngosizo lokusika, okuyinto ezokuvumela ukuba ulungise isivuno esivuthiwe ngokulula.
Ukuhlanza - ukuvikelwa komuthi
Umuthi wokugubha imifino umi phakathi kwekwindla. Ngakho-ke, uvikela lesi sihlahla hhayi kuphela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa nakwezinye izifo. Kuyafaneleka ukugcoba kusuka emagatsheni aphansi kunazo zonke. I-sapling encane ingahlanzwa ngokuphelele, njengoba isengozini ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezihlukahlukene nasezinambuzane.
Ngidinga ukunakekelwa ebusika
Ubunzima obusika obunzima base-Melba apula kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ebusika. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo samagatsha. Uma ezinye zazo zifa phakathi nobusika, kumele ziqedwe entwasahlobo.
Uma unenqwaba yeqhwa - thatha isihawu bese uyisitshela kwisiqu se-apula. Lokhu ngeke ukuvikela kuphela isihlahla esiqhwaqeni, kodwa futhi ukuhlinzeka kahle kakhulu entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nesikhukhula sokuqala, bukela ukubonakala kweqhwa eliqhwaqhwa eqhweni, okungaqondisa ukugeleza komoya emoyeni kanye nesiqu, ngesikhathi sokulichoboza.
