Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala ama-strawberries
Ama-Strawberries akhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana. Ukulungiswa komhlaba kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba isivuno samajikijolo sincike ekulungiseni kwangaphambili.
Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha isayithi. Kumele kube indawo ehlala phansi, enelanga elihle. Ngempela, ngenxa yokungabi nelanga lokukhanya kwelanga, kuyoba nokuvunwa okubi kwama-strawberries. Futhi okunye okungahle kwenzeke, emthunzini kaningi kunomswakama ngokweqile, izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal zikhula emaqabeni nasezimpandeni.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi kusayithi lungaba yimuphi. Noma kunjalo, ama-strawberry bushs ngeke akhule lapho kukhona inhlabathi enhlabathi noma yobumba. Kunezizathu zalokhu. Inhlabathi yaseSandani ayitholakali kancane ngezinto eziwusizo, futhi izimpande zezitshalo zome ngokushesha futhi zishisa. Umhlabathi wokugcoba unomdlandla, awudluli umoya kahle, ogcwala izimpande nge-oxygen futhi ubhekene nomswakama obuningi. Izimila ziyeke ukukhula. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezwe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo - humus, okuvumela inhlabathi ukuba ikhululeke.
Kufanele unake ukunakekelwa kwe-acidity yenhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi iyasebenza, kuyadingeka ukuba uyiqede: sebenzisa umquba ophilayo, futhi umhlabathi, ngenani elikhulu lama-alkali, engeza umanyolo ngokuqukethwe kwamaminerali.
Uma ukhetha indawo ye-strawberries engadini, kufanele ucabangele izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ingabe kukhona indawo lapho amanzi angadla khona. Ukunciphisa lesi sici, kubalulekile ukwenza amanzi, kepha umhlaba wawusomile noma awunamanzi.
Kumele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ama-strawberries ayikwazi ukutshala kabili endaweni efanayo. Abayincoma ukufakelwa kwakhe lapho kutholakala khona utamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi isanda kukhula. Kuzozizwa ukhululekile emva kwe-anyanisi, u-garlic, izaqathe, amathanga, uphizi.
Ngakho, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungisa umhlaba izithombo. Kudingekile ukuhlanganisa yonke ukhula nezinye ukhula olukhula endaweni yakho. Ikakhulukazi udinga ukususa inhlanzi, umhlanga, utshani obolweni (basusa zonke izinto eziwusizo emhlabeni kanye nezitshalo). Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcina sonke isakhiwo izikhathi eziningana, futhi ngesandla ususe wonke ukhula ngezimpande. Ungakwazi futhi ukubeka ngaphansi kwe-strawberries esizayo, uphathe nge-herbicide, ngokwesibonelo, i-roundup, i-stormyard. Emasontweni amabili utshani kufanele bubhubhe.
Ngokuqhubekayo silungiselela inhlabathi: sisebenzisa umquba ophilayo (i-gypsum, i-lime). Isayithi liyakhiwa futhi lihanjiswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Phela, inhlabathi evuthayo inomthelela ekuvumelaneni okusheshayo kwezithombo ezindaweni ezintsha, nasekukhuleni kwabo ekuqaleni.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuhlela ukutshala ama-strawberries. Isibonelo, imigqa eyodwa noma amatheyipu amabili.
Ukugcina umugqa nge-strawberries ngokuqondile, izikhonkwane zinyanyiswa kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi intambo isetwe.
Manje ungaqala ukutshala izithombo ze-sitrobheli.
Imithetho yokutshala ama-strawberry
Ziyini izindlela zokufika?
Izitshalo ze-strawberry zitshalwe emhlabathini ngezindlela eziningana. Abasimili basebenzisa umugqa owodwa nomugqa ophindwe kabili.
Isimiso sokutshala komugqa owodwa kungukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezibhamu lilinganiselwa ku-60-70 cm, kanti utshani lwezithombo lutshala kusuka komunye nomunye cishe cishe ku-15-20 cm. Ukutshala komugqa owodwa kusetshenziswa lapho izihlahla zihlwanyelwe emhlabathini entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngempela, ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-strawberries engadini ayenzi izithelo, kodwa akhiqiza amadevu agcwalisa isikhala samahhala emigqeni.
Ukutshala emigqeni ephindwe kabili, kuhle kakhulu ehlobo, ngoba izitshalo eziningi zitshalwe endaweni eyodwa, futhi ungadla amajikijolo cishe unyaka abatshala ngawo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezibhamu liyi-70 cm, phakathi kwemigqa engu-30 cm, kanti izithombo zitshalwe eceleni kuka-15-20 cm.
Enye indlela esetshenziselwa ukutshala izithombo emibhedeni. Kuhle kakhulu kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona khona amanzi. Indawo yemibhede ivela eningizimu kuya enyakatho, imigqa emibili yezithombo itshalwe eceleni kwemiphetho, futhi phakathi kwendlela (cishe u-30 cm ububanzi) ihlala ingenalutho.
Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa ama-strawberry asetshenziselwa ukutshala. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kususwe zonke izithombo entwasahlobo, engazange ziqhakaze ngonyaka wokuqala. Ngemuva kokuba izihlahla ezigulayo zikhishwe, kuzoba khona indawo yokukhula okujwayelekile kwezinye izitshalo.
Into eyinhloko kufanele kube yisikhathi
Imigomo eqinile yokutshala ama-strawberry awakho. Kungatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kanti ehlobo. Kodwa udinga ukucabangela ama-nuances enkathi ethile.
Spring. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, kunconywa izithombo ukuba zitshalwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuqala komsebenzi ensimini, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Into esemqoka akumele ilahlekelwe lo mzuzwana. Uma ama-strawberries ehlwanyelwe emva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ngoMeyi, khona-ke ukuhamba kwentuthuko yabo kuzoba kancane. Isikhathi sokufika asikwazi ukufika. Entwasahlobo, izithombo zitshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ihlobo. Ngendlela efanele yokutshala ama-strawberries, kuyokwenzeka ukuthi ukhethe amajikijolo ngonyaka. Kungcono ukutshala emva kwemvula noma esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni, ngakho-ke kuyoba lula ukuthi aqale. Ukunisela okunye kunconywa, bese kuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka, njll. ukuyikhulula ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwe-crust ebusweni.
I-autumn yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sonyaka sokutshala izithombo. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu kusukela ngo-Agasti 20 kuya kuSeptemba 15, kodwa isikhathi sinemibandela, konke kuxhomeke ngesimo sezulu esifundeni lapho kulungiswa khona ukufika. Kodwa kuyisifiso sokuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi isikhathi, ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries, kubalulekile ukulungiselela izithombo: ukucubungula uhlelo lwempande ezivela ezinambuzaneni ezihlukahlukene (ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ngokuqondile, ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla, izimpande ziqondisa. Bahlala endaweni eqondile, isikhathi eside - kusobala.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokunakekelwa nokutshala kwe-currant emnyama
Iyiphi indlela yokukhula?
Ngokuvamile, ama-strawberry akhule ngezindlela ezimbili: ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Zombili izindlela zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezweni elivulekile, ekuqaleni, kufanele lilungiswe. Inhlabathi ikhululiwe futhi ihlanganiswe ukuthola ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen. Khona-ke udinga ukuphuza, futhi emva kwalokho kuphela, ukufika.
Ama-strawberries, atshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwefilimu, ahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kwalabo abakhula emhlabathini. Le ndlela ifaneleka ezihlukahlukene zakuqala. Imigudu yefilimu iqoqwa ngo-Ephreli. Kudingeka zikhishwe, zikhulule inhlabathi, ziphuze ngamanzi afudumele. Qiniseka ukuthi udinga i-thermometer ukulawula ukushisa. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-25 ° C, ifilimu isusiwe ngosuku. Etshanini yasekwindla zimbozwe utshani noma amaqabunga ezihlahla. Umanyolo usetshenziswa: peat noma umquba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-strawberry asakhula emigqeni eqondile. Le ndlela ifana nezinyathelo, ama-tiers. Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane. Iziqukathi ezikhethekile ezifana nephiramidi, zifake ibanga elingu-10 cm komunye nomunye. Ukugcwaliswa kwabo sebenzisa i-peat ingxube, i-humus, i-sod land. Emakhazeni, isitsha sisuswa futhi sihlanganiswe ne-agrofibre, amaqabunga, i-peat. Lapho iqhwa, ama-strawberry ahlanganiswa neqhwa.
Uma ukhula ama-strawberry ngaphansi kwe-agrofibre, ungavuna ekuqaleni kwamasonto ambalwa. I-Agrofibre igcina ukushisa, ivikela emoyeni naseqhwa.
Futhi, ama-strawberry aphinde akhule emasakeni epulasitiki. Umhlabathi olungiselelwe ngaphambilini uthululwa esikhwameni, kanti izithombo zitshalwe emigodini. Bese-ke baboshwe ophahleni.
Ukunakekela ama-strawberry kahle
Ukunisela ama-strawberries
Ukuphuza ama-strawberries ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni isimo sezulu sisitshela kanjani. Imvamisa yokunisela inqunywa ukoma kwenhlabathi. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunisela ekuseni. Amahlamvu asomile kusihlwa. Azikho izimbali okwamanje, izitshalo ziyanisela. Ukunisela kufana nemvula encane, ngosizo lwayo uhlanzwa amaqabunga.
Lapho kushisa, ama-strawberries anconywa ukuthi aphuze kanye emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, amanzi athululelwa ngesamba esingaba ngu-10 kuya ku-25 amalitha ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye. Njengoba kubonakala isithelo, ukuvama kokunisela kuncishisiwe. Amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela afudumele, izinga lokushisa lilinganiselwa ku-20 degrees. Ukuphuza ngamanzi abandayo kungathinta ukukhula kwezithombo.
Lapho izimbali zokuqala zivela, amanzi athululelwa emhlabathini, ugweme ukuxhumana nezihlahla. Amanzi awathuli amajikijolo, njengoba angase aqale ukubola.
Sichitha ukhula
Ukulawula ukhula kunesidingo sokuqala ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Kodwa kukhona ukhula oluqhubeka luvale izitshalo, ukuthatha umswakama, izakhi. Kumele sihlale sikhula uhlangothi zombili phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo, futhi ngemva kwalokho. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esiyi-8. Ukujula kokukhipha kungaba ngu-10 cm. Kungcono ukuthola uhlelo lwempande lokhula oluvela emhlabathini bese uluphonsa ngaphandle.
Ezindaweni ezinkulu ezitshalwe nge-strawberries, kusetshenziswa utshwala ukuqothula utshani nokhula. Kunconywa ukuba bachithe izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe.
Enye indlela yokulwa nokutshala imali yokudoba, yenza umhlaba ukhule kakhulu futhi usize ukuqeda ukhula. Bese bahlwanyela okuthile kwezitshalo zasebusika, kanti ngonyaka ozayo kuphela batshala ama-strawberries.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane
Ama-Strawberries awunazo izinambuzane eziningi, kodwa adinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Izitshalo ezithathwe ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali noma emva kokukhipha amajikijolo.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- Thepha obala. Amaqabunga ahlabayo, aphenduka aphuzi, amajikijolo ngokwawo amancane. I-karbofosom ekhonjiwe ngemva kokuvuna.
- Nematodes. Bahlala emaqabungeni, bahlasela ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo: amaqabunga abe mnyama ngombala, ama-strawberries awakhuli. Izihlahla ezithintekile ziphuma.
- Enye inkathazo ihlanganisa i-strawberry beetle, i-weevil, i-whitefly. Zilahla nge-karbofos, aktar.
- Izinkukhu kanye namashubhu. Zithinta umphumela amajikijolo.
- Ukuze ugweme izintuthwane, ufafaza inhlabathi nge-soda.
Ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa kudinga ukuqala ekwindla, nge ukwelashwa nokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi. Indlela enhle ukugubha ifilimu yomhlaba, ukuqeda konke ukhula. Kubalulekile ukukhipha ngesikhathi esifanele amaqabunga owomile, uqaphele umswakama womhlabathi.
Izifo ze-strawberries kanye nokuphathwa kwayo
Izifo eziyinhloko ze-sitrobheli ziyi:
- Grey ukubola. Amabala aluhlaza nge-gray bloom ayathinta ngokuphelele amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izithelo. Ukwelashwa yilokhu: ukukhetha amajikijolo ngesikhathi, ukuqeda ukhula, ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele izitshalo ezigulayo. Ifakwe yi-Azocene.
- Lapho ukulimala okuphelile kusondeza ukukhula, amaqabunga amnyama avela, izithombo zingase zife. Ukuze ulwe kudingeka udakalise inhlabathi, futhi uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zivela, masuse ama-strawberry ngokushesha.
- Umama we-Mealy usakazeka emoyeni. I-seedling ihlanganiswe ne-gray bloom, futhi isikhunta sibonakala kumajikijolo. Ukuqeda isikhutha se-powdery, kuyadingeka, ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zivele, ukupaka nge-soda ash.
- Indawo ebomvu ithinta amapuleti asemagqabhagwini, abonakaliswe ngamabala aluhlaza phezulu kweqabunga.
Ukulungele ubusika
Ukuze ulungiselele ama-strawberries engadini ebusika oyidingayo:
- Ukugubha nokugubha imithi kuyinto yokuqala okufanele uyenze. Ukuphunga ama-strawberries ekwindla akukhuthazwa, njengoba ungalimaza izimpande, futhi ngeke babe nesikhathi sokuthola ngaphambi kweqhwa. Ngesizathu esifanayo, akukwaziswa ukuthi ususe utshani, kodwa esikhundleni sokushiya kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
- Gcoba ama-strawberries ngokuqinile ebusika emaqenjini amaningana. Ungasebenzisa izinto zokutshala: amaqabunga, utshani, amagatsha okusajingijolo owomile, khona-ke, uma iqhwa liwa, ubeka iqhwa leqhwa. Ngezinto zokwakha, i-agrofibre noma i-agrotex inhle. Zigcina umswakama omuhle nokushisa.
- Ama-strawberries kufanele alungele ukubusika isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuqala amaqhwa.
