Izinhlobo zamatamatisi

Utamatisi "Kate": incazelo, isivuno, izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa

Izinhlobo zamatamatisi "Katya" wazibonakalisa ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zokukhula kwezotamatisi.

Njengoba izici zayo ezinhle, njengokuphikisana nezifo kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-tomato "uKatya" ziye zathola izigidi zezakhamuzi zasehlobo.

Ngisho nabalimi be-novice bangatshala utamatisi onjalo, ngoba akudingi ukunakekelwa okuqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "Kate" ubhekwa isivuno esihle kanye nokunambitheka, futhi ukuhlangenwe nakho kokutshala kwalo kuzoshiya ngemuva kokubona okuthakazelisayo kuphela.

Utamatisi walezi zihlukahlukene kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okusha, angasetshenziselwa ukwenza ijusi, utamatisi unamathisele kanye nokulondolozwa.

Ukuhlukahluka "Kate" kuyinhlangano ye-hybrid, okusho ukuthi ihlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Ake sibheke izici zayo eziyinhloko futhi sithole ukuthi kungani ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ababili abanolwazi kanye nabalimi be-novice.

Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo "Katya" zahlonywa ngababelethi ekuqaleni kwawo-2000.

Utamatisi "Katya": izinhlobo zezivuno nezinhlobo

Ukuze uxoxe nge-tomato "Kate", okungukuthi izici kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, kufanelekile ukuqala ngokuthi yi-hybrid ye-F1. F yizingane (ezivela ku-Italy filli), 1 yinombolo yesizukulwane. Okusho ukuthi, "Kate" - i-hybrid yesizukulwane sokuqala.

Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuze kufike izithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo, kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-75 kuya kwezingu-80, ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwetamatisi kuthathwa njengokuvuthwa kokuqala. Kungatshalwa kokubili kokushisa nokushisa.

"Kate" ukubekezelela ngokuphelele imvula enzima nesomiso, futhi kubonisa ukuphikisana okukhulu nezifo ezinjalo njenge-rot top, i-mosaic virus, ukulimaza okukhatshana kanye ne-Alternaria. Utamatisi "i-Katya" ibonakala ngokuphakama kwamahlathi angu-60 cm, ehlukaniswa amahlamvu awo ajwayelekile.

Ekhuluma ngomkhiqizo walolu utamatisi, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi uma ukhulile ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba ovulekile, u-8-10 kg wezitshalo ungavuna kusuka kumamitha amabili wezithombo. Ezimweni zokushisa, i-m² eyodwa yezithombo ziletha kufika ku-15 kg.

Izithelo zezebhizinisi i-80-94% yomkhiqizo ophelele. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kotamatisi kubonakala ngokubunjwa kwe-inflorescences elula kanye nokutholakala kwamalungu ezitsheni.

Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile i-inflorescence yokuqala idala ngaphezu kweqabunga lesihlanu, futhi ebhulashini ngalinye cishe ngo-8-9 utamatisi kuboshwe.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungile kwetamatisi "Katya"

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zika utamatisi "Kate" yizici ezilandelayo ezinhle:

  • ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
  • ukuzithoba;
  • isivuno esikhulu;
  • ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
  • izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zetamatisi;
  • ukuvuthwa komfanisi wezitamatisi, okusiza kakhulu ukuvuna;
  • ukuhamba kahle kwetamatisi nokumelana nokulimala komshini.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-drawback "Kate" - amagatsha aqhakazile. Yingakho lesi sitshalo sidinga ukwesekwa okungeziwe (ungakwazi ukubopha isihlahla esikhunjini esincane).

Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunezimo zokunqotshwa kwesitshalo nge-fomoz kanye nomsakazo womutamatisi.

I-Bordeaux liquid (fomoz) nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate esingu-5% (i-tomato mosaic) isetshenziselwa ukuphatha lezi zifo.

Izici zezitshalo ezikhulayo zezithombo "Katya"

Izinhlobo zeTomate "Katya" Kunconywa ukuba zitshalwe ngendlela yokutshala, futhi emva kokuthuthukiswa kwama-cotyledons, kungcono ukhethe izitshalo. Izitshalo ezincane eziyi-15-20 cm zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Kungcono ukuphuma phakathi nesikhathi lapho amathuba okubanda okubandayo kanye namaqhwa abe buthakathaka. Khumbula ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo kufanele lingabi ngaphansi kuka-45 cm, futhi izimbobo kufanele zijulile ngokwanele ukuze isitshalo sizizwe sikhululekile.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala, ngisho no-Mashi, imbewu kumele ihlwanyelwe eziqukathweni ezigcwele isakhi sezakhi.

Izidingo zomhlaba

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sotamatisi, kufanele uhambisane nezidingo zokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Ngakho, ukuvunwa kangcono kuyadingeka inhlabathi enomhlabathi noma enomhlabathi ophefumulayo.

Ukunquma uhlobo lomhlabathi esakhiweni sekuwanele ukuthatha isikhulu esincane somhlaba futhi usihlanza ngamanzi kwesandla sakho. Ngemuva kwaloko, yifinyelele esimweni senhlama engavamile bese uyigubha phakathi kwezintende zezandla zakho ibe uhlobo lwe "sausage" elibubanzi ngepensela.

Manje zama ukugoqa le "sausage" ibe yindandatho - uma iqeqeshwe ezindaweni zezintambo, lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlabathi ingokwakhe uhlobo loam. Uma indandatho ivulekile ngisho nangaphandle kwemifantu - umhlaba ubumba.

Lezi zinhlobo zenhlabathi zifanelekile ukukhula izinhlobo "Katya", kodwa noma yiziphi zazo zidinga umanyolo ofanele, okulandelayo:

  • Njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4 kuyadingeka ukwengeza ufulawa wama dolomite noma i-lime emhlabathini omuncu (ama-250-600 amagremu asetshenziselwa umzi ngamunye).
  • Inhlabathi ebanzi yobumba ngalinye, engeza ama-1.5-2 amabhakede we-rotted (1-2 ubudala) umquba noma umquba. Ungasebenzisa futhi ibhakede elilodwa lomfula wesigodi, owawufakwa kuqala kwisixazululo se-urea (esilungiselwe cishe ngamagremu angu-150 ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).

Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu

Bala isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-utamatisi akunzima. Izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi "Katya" ukuvuthwa kokuqala, okusho ukuthi cishe izinsuku ezingu-100 zidlula esikhathini sokukhula kuze kuvele izithelo zokuqala.

Ukuze uthole utamatisi wokuqala esaladini ngoJulayi 20, udinga ukutshala imbewu izinsuku ezingu-100 ngaphambi kwalolu suku. Engeza kulezi zinsuku ezingu-7-10 nge-shoot, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-3-5 ukuvumelanisa izithombo ezitshalwe emhlabathini. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, imbewu yokutshala kufanele yenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.

Uhlelo lokulungiselela imbewu nokutshala

Incazelo yezitamatisi "Kate", kanye nezici zazo, zifaka iphuzu elibalulekile njengokuthi ukulungiselela imbewu ekufikeni kwabo okulandelayo.

Ngokuyinhloko, kunconywa ukuba usilungiselele imithi ngaphambi kokutshala ngendlela elula futhi eqinisekisiwe: gcwalisa imbewu ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka esincane se-potassium permanganate (igramu eyodwa ye-potassium permanganate ihlanjululwa ngamamitha ayizigidi eziyi-100 wamanzi abilisiwe) bese ubashiya imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwezingu-20. Ukuhlukumeza okunjalo kusiza ukuvikela imbewu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zebhaktheriya.

Futhi, ngaphambi kokuba uhlwanyele, ungangena umuthi wokutshala emanzini aqhakazile. Ukuze uyilungiselele, thatha isikhwama seplastiki esiqinile futhi ugcwalise ngo-3/4 wamanzi. Hlanganisa uketshezi okwedlulele emva kwengxenye yamanzi inqamule. Kanye namanzi ahlanganisiwe, ukungcola okulimazayo nakho kuzosuswa. Emva kokuqeda iqhwa, uzothola amanzi asebenzayo, okuyinto engakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ikhono lokukhuthaza imbewu yokuhluma.

Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu namacebo ahlukene. Inzuzo engafanelekile ukuthi ngisho nabaqalayo bangakwazi ukutshala utamatisi ngempumelelo, okulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa icebo lokutshala ngezigaba: I-70x30 cm ngokubunjwa kwama-stalks angu-2-3, ukutshala kwabantu ngalolu hlelo ngu 3-4 izitshalo per m².

Indlela yokunakekela izithombo "Kati"

Utamatisi "Kate" kanye nencazelo yokunakekelwa kwabo, mhlawumbe, kufanele iqalwe ngeziqukathi zezithombo. Izimbiza ezinjalo kufanele zibe nezimbobo ezikhethekile phansi ukuze ukhiphe uketshezi oluningi. Uma engekho, lesi sitshalo sizobhekana nesifo esinjenge-blackleg.

Kufanelekile ukuhlwanyela izithombo noma yimuphi umhlabathi ohlwanyelayo ogcwele noma umquba ovela enhlanganweni ye-peat nesihlabathi, ezithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Akufanele uhlwanyele imbewu ye-tomato kakhulu, njengoba usengozini yokuthola izithombo ezincane futhi ezibuthakathaka.

I-substrate kufanele ifakwe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Imbewu ngokwazo idinga ukufutheka, ngoba igalela ekunqumeni futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu izimfanelo zokuhlwanyela. Ukufudumala imbewu, qinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwemibuso yokushisa: ukufudumala amahora angu-48 ekushiseni okungaba ngu-+30 ° C, bese kuthi amanye amahora angu-72 ekushiseni kwe-+50 ° C. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela futhi kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala, gcina izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kuka-+23 ° C.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, susa ifilimu emithonjeni yezimbewu, futhi ukuze ungabonakali izithombo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ekukhuphukeni ngokweqile, yenza le nqubo ntambama. Namanzi izithombo nge-sprayed stream futhi ukhumbule ukuthi izitshalo akufanele zikhukhule kakhulu ngamanzi.

Izithombo zokupheka emhlabathini ovulekile

Khetha ukuqoqa kuyinkqubo yokufakelwa amahlumela amancane esitokisini ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ibe yisitsha esikhulu esigcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Ukwakheka kuyinkqubo enomthwalo wemfanelo eqinisa uhlelo lwempande zezithombo ezincane. Ngokujwayelekile ukukhethwa kwezithombo kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ngokubonakala kwamapheshana amabili ngamahlumela, bangahlala kahle, kodwa cishe nje ihora ngaphambi kwalokhu, manzi kahle izitshalo. Gubungula ngokucophelela okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwendawo yokutshala etafuleni, sebenzisa i-wand engapheliyo bese uhlukanisa ngokucophelela izitshalo nayo.

Bamba izithombo ngemuva kwama-cotyledons futhi kancane kancane uhlukanise izimpande, uqiniseke ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo abashiywa ngaphandle komhlaba. Tshala izitshalo ezitsheni ezihlukene noma amaseli. Yenza izimbobo ezinjalo ukuze izithombo zivumelane ngokukhululekile kuzo.

Ngemuva kwaloko, hlala kancane inhlabathi bese uwuthululela. Uma izithombo zincane kakhulu noma zibuthakathaka kakhulu, kungcono ukungagcini izitsha ngezitshalo, kodwa ukuzifaka epanini ngamanzi, uphinde ufeze ingxenye engenhla usebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray.

Imigomo yokutshala izithombo "Katya" emhlabathini ovulekile

Utamatisi uyisitshalo se-thermophilic kakhulu, futhi "Kate" uyinamatato evuthiwe kakhulu, ukuvuthwa masinyane, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kuncike ezimangalisweni zomkhathi nezimo zokushisa.

Okusho ukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho inhlabathi iqhuma kancane, futhi amaqhwa ebusuku asephelile, izithombo zingatshalwa ngokuphepha enhlabathini. Kwangathi ngokuvamile kuvumelekile lokhu, kodwa isikhathi esihle kakhulu yingxenye yesibili kaMeyi noma ingxenye yokuqala kaJuni.

Uyazi? Utamatisi ukhula kangcono ebusuku

Ubuchwepheshe besistimu

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala utamatisi, udinga ukwenza izimbobo ngobukhulu bezithombo bese uwahambisa ngokucophelela (cishe ilitha elilodwa emthonjeni ngamunye). Futhi, qinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo azange zime, ngoba ngisho nezitshalo ezincane ezinamaphiko aziqedi, zigula futhi zikhule kancane.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, "Kate" iyinhlobonhlobo ye-tomato, ngakho-ke lapho kuchaza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nenqubo yokutshala kuyadingeka ukukhuluma ukuthi izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe kancane kakhulu kunokuba zikhulile esitsheni.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukukhipha amaqabunga ambalwa angaphansi kwesitshalo nokujulisa izithombo ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokutshala. Izithombo zingangcwatshwa kuze kube yingxenye yesitshalo, ukuyibeka kancane enyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Qaphela ngokucophelela izimpande zezithombo bese uzibopha ngendlela yokuthi izimpande zezimpande ziqondiswe ngqo phansi emgodini.

Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo zitshalwe, zitshala izitshalo, futhi ufeze umgodi ngokwawo ngobuningi bomhlabathi owomile.

Indlela yokunakekela utamatisi izinhlobo "Katya"

Ukuchaza izici zamatamatisi akhulayo "Kate" kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutshala kwawo kuyisigaba sokuqala kuphela emgwaqweni ophumelelayo, kanti owesibili uhlinzekela ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwesitshalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuphuza, ukuchelela njalo nokukhululeka kwenhlabathi, kanye nokwethulwa kokugqoka okuphezulu. Ukubunjwa okulungile kwesibhakabhaka kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Inhlabathi emkhatsini wemigqa kufanele ihlale iphule, futhi isikhathi esihle - zonke izinsuku ezingu-10-12, kodwa okungenani kathathu phakathi nenkathi yehlobo. Zama ukugwema ukubunjwa kwe-crust ngenkathi ukhulula. Uma indawo yakho yensimu iqukethe inhlabathi eyindayo, ukukhululeka okujulile kufanele kwenziwe ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-10-15 emva kokufakelwa kabusha.

Isidingo sokuqala sokuphakama ukuchitha izinsuku ezingu-9-11 emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Amanzi utamatisi ngaphambi kwenqubo, ngoba ukukhuphuka ngenhlabathi emanzi kuyothuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukwakheka kwezimpande ezintsha. Isikhathi sesibili inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-16-20 emva kokuqala.

Ukunisela nokudla

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, utamatisi "uKatya" yizinhlobonhlobo ze-ultra-zakuqala, okusho ukuthi badinga ukuchelela okusheshayo nesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe izimbobo, kudingekile ukuthi u-0.7-0.9 amalitha amanzi asitshalo ngasinye. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwengeza uketshezi kusemini ntambama lapho ilanga lingabonakali kakhulu. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unamanzi utamatisi ngesikhathi sezimbali zezibhamu zokuqala nezesibili, kanye nangaphambi kokuba ukhulule umhlabathi futhi ngemuva kokwenza umanyolo owomile wamaminerali.

Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu 10-12 emva kokutshala, okusetshenziswa kuwo ingxube yamaminerali e-organic and amaminerali. Ngakho-ke, ibhakede le-litre le-10 le-mullein isisombululo (ingxenye eyodwa ye-mullein noma i-slurry nezingxenye ezingu-8-9 zamanzi) engeza amagremu angu-20 we-superphosphate.

Ibhakede elilodwa lalesisombululo sezomsoco likuvumela ukuba usebenze izitshalo ezingu-10 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukondla okwesibili nowesithathu (ngekhefu lamaviki amabili) kwenziwa ngamanyolo owomile owomile noma ngaphansi kokukhuphuka, noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhipha. Ngamamitha angu-1 wesayithi udinga ukwenza amagremu angu-20 we-superphosphate, ama-gramu angu-10 e-ammonium nitrate nama-15 amagremu we-salti potassium.

Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuqapha izinga lokuswakama, okuzosiza ekugwemeni ukunqwaba inhlabathi nokuvikela izitshalo ezivela ezitshalweni zokuqhekeka nokubola kwazo okulandelayo.

Masking isitshalo

Masking - Inqubo edingekayo, equkethe ekususeni amahlumela okwedlulele ezitshalweni. Uma ungayeki ukukhula kwesitshalo, ukusika amahlumela awo, lesi sitshalo sizochitha zonke izakhi ekukhuleni komzimba, hhayi ekuthuthukiseni izithelo.

Kunconywa ukuthi kuqhutshiswe ekuseni, ukuze isitshalo siphulukise wonke amanxeba ngaphambi kobusuku. Okokuqala, ama-stepsons aphansi asusiwe, ahlukaniswa ngezikhali noma ummese. Ukuzithola kuyinto elula, ngoba i-shootal lateral ekhula kusukela ezingosini zamaqabunga.

Ukuze ukhule isihlahla se-tomato esiswini esisodwa, kufanele ususe zonke izingane zokutholwa. Uma uhlanganisa ama-stalks angu-2 kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye ihlumela eliyinhloko kanye nesinye esiqine kakhulu.

Akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhule ngaphezu kweziqu ezintathu esihlahleni esisodwa.

Futhi, ungavumeli ukudubula okwedlulele kuningi kakhulu. Hlola isitshalo sokwenza ngcono kungcono ngesonto.

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi kuhilela ukukhishwa kwokhula ngezikhathi ezithile nokuhlanganiswa. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwesimiso, ukukhulisa ukukhula, ukuqinisa izitshalo nezitshalo ezikhulayo.

Izinhlobo ezinhle ze-mulch for izinhlobo utamatisi "Katya" kukhona:

  • ingxube yezinhlayiya ezinama-rotted;
  • ama-humus amaqabunga;
  • utshani;
  • umquba
Lezi zinto zivela emvelweni, zigcina umswakama kahle, futhi zondla isitshalo ngezici ezilandelanayo eziwusizo. Ngokuvamile, ukwenza i-mulching akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono. Kwanele ukufaka ungqimba lomunyu emhlabathini, futhi imvelo izokukwenza konke okunye.

Utamatisi kufanele avikelwe kokhula njalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ungavumeli ukhula lukhule.

Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ukuqhuba ngokujwayelekile ukukhipha nokukhuphuka, kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla kokhula.

Uyazi? Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ze-utamatisi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 000, okuncane kunawo wonke okufinyelela okungaphezu kuka-2 cm ububanzi, kuyilapho inkulu kunesisindo esingu-1.5 kg.

Ukuvuna utamatisi izinhlobo "Katya"

Utamatisi "Kate" kanye nomkhiqizo walo - isizathu sokuziqhenya kwazo zonke izivande, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukuletha utamatisi olunamathambo amaningi.

Isikhathi sokuvunwa kwabo sincike ekutheni uzosebenzisa kanjani utamatisi:

  • Ukuze ulungiselele amasaladi nezinye izitsha, uqoqe izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele. Zinganqunywa ngesimilo salolu hlobo lwesimo esiphezulu nesibomvu esibomvu.
  • Ukuze kulondolozwe izithelo ezibomvu nezitshalo ezifanele.
  • Ukugcina isitoreji eside, kungcono ukhethe utamatisi ku okuthiwa "ukuvuthwa okubukhali", lapho umbala obala obala wezithelo uguqulela ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cishe omhlophe.

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi sonke isitshalo samatamatisi kufanele sivunwe ngaphambi kokushisa kwemoya kwehla ku -13 ° С. Uma kungenjalo, izithelo zizophenduka zibe mnyama futhi zingabi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu.

"Kate" iyinhlobonhlobo enhle yamatamatisi, engatshalwa hhayi kuphela abalimi abanolwazi, kodwa futhi nabalimi abaqalayo, futhi ukunambitheka kwezithelo zawo ezikhanyayo nezomile ngeke kushiye ukungabi nandaba ngisho ne-picourest gourmet.