Ngenxa yokunambitheka okukhulu kwezithelo kanye nezici eziphilayo ze-apple Orlik izinhlobo zihola phakathi kwabantu babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi base-Ukraine, abaseBelarusian nabaseRussia, emazweni lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona izinhlobo zezilwane, mhloniphe ngenxa yokuvunwa okuphezulu nokunemba.
Omunye umuthi ovuthiwe ukwanele ukondla umndeni, kepha uma ufuna ukuthola imali eyengeziwe, ungathola amanye ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ukuqaphela iphupho lensimu ephumelelayo ehluma eduze kwendlu. Siqala, ngokuqinisekile, ngokutshalwa kwe-aple-grade grade apula Orlik.
Uyazi? Phakathi nesitoreji, izithelo ziveza i-ethylene, into efana negesi ekhuthaza ukuvuthwa kokubili isithelo ngokwawo kanye nomakhelwane bayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uma ama-apula namazambane ehlanganiswa emiphongolweni, isivuno sempande sizoqala ukuhluma. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugcina igumbi elihlukile lokugcina ama-apula.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-orlyk apple
Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kwama-apula kuvumelana kakhulu futhi ngokuhlanganiswa kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-4.5. Izithelo zinamanzi, anephunga elimnandi eligcwele, ubukhulu obuncane. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-apula esisodwa silinganiselwa ku-100-120 g. Isithelo sithandeka: isisindo esincane se-oval, esigcwele isikhumba esinzima, esinamafutha ngengubo yama-waxy, ngemuva kokuwageza nokuyisula.
Esikhathini sokuvuna, izithelo ziphuzi nge-tinge encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi sesitoreji, umbala wokumboza uguquka ophuzi ocebile obomvu obomvu obuhlakazeka phezu kwendawo yonke. Amaphuzu amhlophe afana nezinhlobo zasebusika abonakala ngokucacile kwi-peel. I-pulp yama-apula ase-Orlik anemibala enhle ye-beige ngaphakathi nangencibiliko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphethelweni, isakhiwo esiqinile.
Ukudla okunomsoco wezithelo kuyinani elibalulekile lokushukela (11% per 100 g), izinto ezisebenza nge-P (170 mg), i-pectin 12.7%, i-ascorbic acid (9 mg), i-acorbic acid (3%), kanye ne-vitamin C kanye nensimbi. I-cultivar yomhlaba wonke ihlonyelwe ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezingane kanye nejusi.
Izithelo zinamathele emagatsheni ngeziqu ezinamandla zezitshalo. Phuma phakathi no-Septhemba. Ukuvuna kahle kususwe esihlahleni, kufakwe ebhokisini bese kuthunyelwa kwisitoreji noma esiqandisini. Kuyisici ukuthi izithelo zingaqamba amanga kuze kube ngoMashi, ngenkathi zingaguquki ukunambitheka kwazo. Ukuthutha okuhle nokugcina ikhwalithi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-apula ama-Orlik.
Entwasahlobo, umuthi ugcwele amaqabunga amakhulu ombala obomvu obomvu, okwenza kancane kancane ube mhlophe njengoba izikhala zivulekile. Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane zifaka ngentshiseko isiteji se-fruiting, zanda isivuno minyaka yonke.
Njengomthetho, emthini ovuthiwe, cishe u-20 kg wezithelo uvuthwe ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, kufika ku-70 kg ngonyaka weshumi, kanti u-Orlik ukwandisa ku-120 kg ngonyaka weshumi nanhlanu. Isikhathi esingaba khona lapho kubonakala ama-apula.
Uyazi? Uma ususa ukuqhakaza kwe-wax kusuka e-apula ezihlukahlukene zasebusika, uzolahlekelwa amandla okuzivikela kubaktheriya nefungi ngesikhathi sokugcina.Amaqabunga aphezulu, ahlambulukile, ahlotshiswe ama-oval, aluhlaza okomnyama ane-grayish tint. Unomphetho okhaliphile, ubuso obunzima nolunye uhlangothi lwangaphakathi. Ama-Buds wesayizi encane, ahlelwe kancane.
Amagatsha amakhulu avela esitokisini nge-slope enezingqimba, egobile phezulu. Amagxolo phezu kwabo alula, aphuzi-aphuzi embala. Ngokuvamile, umuthi ungowokudabuka kwe-sredneroslye, unomumo ojikeleziwe, hhayi amaqabunga aqweqwe. Izici ze-Orlik apula izihlahla ngeke ziphelele, uma kungenakusho ukuqina okwanele kwasebusika nokulingana okulinganayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavuthwa cishe eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule futhi zisezinhlobo ezinhle zezithelo ezitholakale ngekhulu elidlule. Ababelethi be-Orel Station Station E-E. E. N. Sedov no-T. A. Trofimova basebenza kulo. Ngokuyinkimbinkimbi ehamba ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ososayensi baye badala i-hybrid esekelwe izici zobunikazi zezinhlobo ze-Macintosh neBessemyanka Michurinskaya.
Kwabe sekuqala isiteleka sokuthuthukisa u-Orlik, okwakwephuza iminyaka eyishumi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi, ubuqili nokuvunwa okuphezulu, ukukhuthazela ezindaweni eziphansi zokushisa kanye nezifo ezifuywayo zanikezwa engqondweni. Ngokushesha, izithombo ezitshaliwe zazibhekwa njengeklasi eliphakeme futhi zavunyelwa ukuchaza ukuhlolwa. Namuhla lolu hlobo luyalinywa emazweni amaningi ezwekazi lase-Eurasia ngezinhloso ezizimele nezimboni.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Abalimi bezolimo, abaye bazuza kakade izihlahla ze-apula ezikhulunywe futhi bazi zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezidingekayo nokuzinakekelwa kwazo, baneliseke. Ekubuyekezeni kwabo, baqaphele izici ezithandekayo zohlobo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhomba ukwehluleka kwawo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Orlyk yizo:
- ukunqanda;
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
- izitshalo ezizinzile, ezithe xaxa, ezanda njengoba izihlahla zama-apula zikhula;
- izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezithelo ezimnandi kakhulu;
- ukugcina okuhle nokuhamba kahle kwama-apula;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla kanye nomakhelwane omuhle namanye amasiko, ngisho nasezindaweni ezincane;
- ikhono lokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi.
Uyazi? Umkhiqizo omningi u-Orlik ngokuvamile uvusa ukugxila kwamagatsha omzimba ukuthi awukwazi ukumelana nesisindo sezithelo nokuphuka. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukufaka isitoreji ekusekelweni okuthembekile.Izinkinga zimbalwa. Phakathi kwabo kunothi:
- amandla okuwela izithelo esiteji sokuvuthwa;
- fruiting engavamile;
- amancane amancane ama-apula;
- izinhlobo zokuzikhukhumeza.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ezinempilo uma uthenga
Ungathenga izinto zokutshala ezimakethe, ekliniki, esikhungweni segadi, noma ngokuchofoza isithombo oyithandayo kwi-intanethi. Kodwa ake singaziboni ngokweqile le nketho yokugcina, ngoba konke okusesithombeni kuhlale kuhle. Le ndlela ayiyona yabaqeqeshi hhayi ama-host hosts.
Imakethe nayo iphela ngenxa yokuthi lapho ungathengisa umkhiqizo ongezingeni eliphansi ongafani ncamashi nezidingo zakho. Awukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi izimpande zihlanzekile yini, ezihlukahlukene ezikuthandayo, njll.
Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuya esikhungweni samahhala noma esivinini sokuthenga izithombo. Njengomthetho, ezindaweni ezinjalo, uma umba isitshalo esiboniswe nguwe, susa amahlamvu futhi usebenze izimpande nomkhulumeli okhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangasiza ngezeluleko.
Lapho ukuthenga kufanelekile ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ohlelweni lwempande. Izimpande kufanele zibe namandla, ziqinile futhi zifanelwe, ngaphandle kokulimala komshini, ukugoqa. Not dry, kodwa ezithambile futhi athuthukile. Njengoba wenze isikhwama esincane emmpandeni onempilo, kufanele ubone izinkuni ezimhlophe.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ayiboli futhi izindawo ezibunjiwe. Imbewu efanelekile inokuphakama cishe ngo-1.5 m, i-collar empilweni enempilo kanye ne-lobe, i-trunk ngisho, okungenani ibe namagatsha ama-squelet 5 okungenani, amaqabunga awaqothuliwe, wonke amahlamvu asusiwe. Ungalandeli ama-specimens amakhulu. Ngokwenza njalo, ziba zimbi futhi zinzima ukusinda.
Ukuhamba, ukuthengwa kufanele kulungiselelwe ngokufaka izimpande ngendwangu emanqamu kanye ne-cellophane, futhi amagatsha ahlanganiswe kancane nesiqu. Uma ukutshala i-apula akuhlelwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga, isithombo kufanele sibe prikopat noma, ngokunye, ukulungiselela ukuthutha izimpande zibekwe esikhwameni nge substrate wet. Kule fomu, umuthi ungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uyazi? Izinhlobo ze-orlik ze-apula ziqala ukuhluma ngonyaka we-4th-5 wokuphila.
Amanye ama-nuances okutshala izithombo ezincane ze-apula Orlik
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukutholakala kwenzalo enempilo futhi eqinile kunika isiqinisekiso sokuthi i-rooting yayo iphumelele, futhi inganaki inqubo yokutshala okufanele. Ngempela, kuncike kokutshala izinto, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa komuthi omncane phakathi neminyaka yokuqala engu-7-8. Kodwa namanje, kunezinye iziqili ezifika phansi. Ake sizisebenzise ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwalabo asebevele bezihlolisise ukukhohlisa kwenkulumo ethi "Kuyini ukutshala? Njengazo zonke izihlahla."
Kungcono nini ukutshala
Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Inkathi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nokuqeda. Cabanga ngabo.
Ukutshala izitshalo kunika umuthi ngokukhula nokubunjwa kwezimpande ezinamandla namagatsha, okusiza ebusika. Baqala ukutshala ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ukuqala kukaMeyi, lapho umhlaba usuvele usuka emakhazeni futhi ufudumala ngokwanele.
Izinkinga ziyisidingo esiningi sokuchelela okuningi kwensimu ukuze kusindiswe uhlelo lwaso lokusuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala entwasahlobo, izimpande nazo zidinga umswakama. Kudingeka ukuthi bashiywe usuku emgodini ngamanzi, futhi ngesikhathi sokufika kumele baphuze kuze kube yilapho umhlaba unqamule ukutholwa umswakama.
Ukutshala kwe-autumn kwenza i-sapling encane ikwazi ukujwayela isikhathi sasebusika, ikhule kahle emhlabathini, ihlakulele futhi iqinise izimpande. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, isihlahla esinjalo siqala ukukhula futhi sikhule izitshalo.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo iqala ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukuze izimpande zibe nesikhathi sokujwayela isithwathwa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zezulu zendawo. Ukufika kumele kube khona amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokushisa kwehla.
Isikhathi sokutshala sikhethiwe, kunikezwe iminyaka yobude. Izitshalo ezincane ezingekho ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala zitshalwe entwasahlobo, kanye nezibonelo ezindala ekwindla. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe, lapho kunesidingo sokushintsha indawo yazo, zifakelwa kabusha ebusika, uma sezivele zilele. Njengoba kunikezwe ukushisa okubandayo kwama-apple ase-Orlik, ekwindla kufanelekile ukutshala izithombo zawo. 
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole izihlahla ze-apula, izinto ezikhulisa i-acid acid, njenge-coniferous sawdust, ziphikisana. I-mulch ihlakazekile, isuka esihlahleni se-10-15 cm. Uma kungenjalo, lapho kudilizwa izinto, kunengozi yokuthelela isihlahla ngamagciwane.
Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo ye-apula
Ukuqothulwa komuthi kuncike kwisayithi elikhethiwe lokufika. Kubalulekile ukucabangela:
- Izihlahla ze-Apple ngeke zikhule emthunzini.
- Umuthi wesithelo kufanele uvikelwe emiphakathini yasenyakatho naseningizimu yaseningizimu.
- I-hybrid ine-crown compact futhi ihamba kahle nezinye izihlahla, ibanga eliphakathi kwamagquma lingaba ngu-1.5-2 m.
- Esiqhingini ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama-apula we-Orlik, indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-2 m.
- Inhlabathi i-chernozem engcono futhi ayinambitheki. Izindawo zamatshe nezamaxhaphozi kufanele zigwenywe.
Ukulungiswa kwendawo mhlawumbe kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Iqala inyanga ngaphambi kokufika. Okokuqala, yenza umgodi, bese ugoba u-70 cm ubude obunamitha ayi-1. Kulesi simo, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba ovundile lugoqwe ngakwesinye isiqondisi, futhi phansi - kwenye. Lo mzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba esikhathini esizayo sizodinga isampula yokuqala.
Phakathi nendawo yomgodi abagibela emgodleni owubukhulu obungama-5 cm. Uma kunesidingo, phansi kukhishwa. Inhlabathi evundile ixubene ne-peat, humus kanye ne-compost, emva kwalokho umgodi ugcwele ingxube. Abanye ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuyigcwalisa phezulu, ukuze esikhathini esizayo umuthi we-apula awupheli emngceleni lapho i-substrate ihlala khona. Manje i-recess ingahlanganiswa ne-foil futhi ishiye amasonto amaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, imvelo edingekayo ezimpandeni izokwakhiwa lapho.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zihlolisiswa ngokucophelela futhi, zibheke ngokukhethekile izimpande. Kuyinto embi uma amathiphu emaphethelweni asundu omunwe. Kumele baqedwe ukuba baphile. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ukubola bese wenza ubumba lobumba (uma bekungekho). 
Ngemuva kokusebenza okwenziwe, impahla yokutshala inconywa emgodini ukuze isikhonkwane sithoke eningizimu ye-trunk. Bese uqeda ngokucophelela i-rhizome bese upha amanzi esihlahleni, ufafaze phezulu nomhlaba bese uwunciphisa.
Ngendlela, ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi sokutshala kudinga ukuqhutshwa kahle ukuze kugcwaliswe ama-voids akhiwe phakathi kwezimpande. Inhlabathi iminyathelwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ziyooma futhi umuthi ngeke uthathe izimpande.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala izihlahla ze-apula, izikhonkwane zishiswa phansi ukuze ugweme ukubola nokukhiqiza ama-microbe pathogenic ohlelweni lwempande.Kufanelekile ukunakekelwa entanyeni yempande (indawo lapho amagxolo aphenduka khona eluhlaza kuze kube mnyama). Kumele kuphakame ama-5 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Uma kujulile, umuthi uzoveza isivuno esincane, uma uphakanyiswa kakhulu, ukomisa kuzoqala ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Ochwepheshe batusa ukumboza le ndawo kusuka phezulu, ukuthululela isigundane somhlaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Isigaba sokugcina sokutshala i-garter ene-polyethylene noma i-tape indwangu yomgqomo kuya emgodini. Ngomoya oqinile, le nuance izosiza ukusindisa izimpande.
I-pollinator engcono kakhulu yezilwane ezihlukahlukene
I-apple yokuvotela i-Orlik ikhona ngosizo lwezithelo eziseduze. Ukuze kutholakale ngempumelelo i-ovary, ngokulandelayo zidinga ama-pollinators efanele. Encwadini yezitshalo, izindlela zichazwa ngokukhethwa kwazo ngendlela yokubala iphesenti yezithelo ezinamathela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe kwe-phlorizin ezisekelweni zamakholomu ezinhlobonhlobo zempova kanye nempova ehlukahlukene ye-pollinator kuthathwa njengesisekelo. Ngakho, ngenxa yokubala, i-pollinator engcono kakhulu ye-Orlik yilezi: Spartak, Lobo, March, Green May.
Abanye balimi babelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo mayelana nenhlanganisela ehloniphekile yezinhlobo ze-Kandil Orlovsky, Sunny, Stroyevskoe.
Kuzo zonke izimo, izinhlobo zebusika zizobe zipholile impova yizinhlobo zekwindla nezinhlobo zasebusika. Kusobala ukuthi eduze no-Orlik i-Papyr ayisebenzi.
Amanye amathiphu ekunakekeleni umuthi we-apula we-Orlik
Ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula we-Orlyk siqukethe ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukusika amagatsha, ukufaka umquba kanye nokuvimbela izifo, izinambuzane kanye namagundane. Izinqubo azenzi ukuxhaswa okungeziwe, ngoba ukuhlukahluka akuyona into ekhethekile kakhulu.
Kuvame kangakanani ukuphuza umuthi we-apula
Ukuchelela okungafundi kahle kuholela ekuboleni izimpande, izifo nokufa okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla sama-apula. Ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, kudingeka ulandele imithetho yokunisela. Kungenziwa ngamanzi, emhlabathini noma ezindleleni zokuvuza, kanye nokufafaza.
Ukunisela okuphezulu hlela phakathi kwemigqa emigodini eyenziwe kanye neziteshi ezikhethekile. Uma usebenzisa i-hose, le nqubo yenziwa ngokuzungeza umqhele. Okungukuthi, ngokuvamile, kusukela emagatsheni ahlangothini ende kunazo zonke, bawela umugqa bese badonsela umbuthano - indawo lapho izimpande ezincane zokulunywa zigxila khona.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande, ukwenza umgodlana omncane ngefosholo ka-10-12 cm ngokujula. Amanzi athululelwa kancane kancane aze aqede ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Ekushiseni, imvula engavumelekile yokunisela lapho inhlabathi igobiswa ngo-5-15 cm izokwenza ukuthi isimo somuthi we-apula siphuthumise.Ukufafaza ukuqhuba umshayeli, umfutho, isibhamu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla zemvula. Into eyinhloko ukuthi amanzi afika ngokulinganayo, engekho, emaconsi amancane ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi ithole ngamanzi angu-60-80.
Inzuzo indlela yokuvuza kulowo manzi ngamanani amancane njalo aya ezimpandeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuphuza kungahlanganiswa nokugqoka okuphezulu okuketshezi, nokushisa ekuseni noma ukusihlwa kusihlwa ngokufafaza, okuzokwenza kube ne-microclimate enomswakama engadini.
Izinga lokuchelela lixhomeke eminyakeni yobudala be-apula. Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala yokuphila, izithombo zidinga amanzi amancane. Ziphuziswa kakhulu kaningi kunezihlahla ezivuthiwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuphuza okulodwa kuyadingeka:
- unyaka owodwa wamanzi - amabhakede amabili wamanzi ngehora elilodwa le square square;
- Izihlahla ze-apula ezineminyaka emibili - amabhakede 4-5 amanzi;
- Imithi engu-3-5 ubudala - okungenani ama-5-8 amabhakede amanzi;
- ama-specimens afake isigaba se-fruiting nabantu abadala (6-10 ubudala) - kuze kube ngu-60-100 l / sq. m
Ukuqala kokunisela kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela. Ngesimo sezulu esishisayo, izithombo kanye nezitshalo ezincane kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu ziphuziswa kanye ngesonto nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukugcina imigomo engenhla.
Amasiko amadala ahleliwe Ukuphuza okwesibili emva kwezimbali esigabeni sokubeka izithelo. Ezimweni zesimo esishisayo, ukuchelela okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ngesikhathi kukhula ama-apula. Ukuntuleka komswakama kungabangela ekuchitheni kwabo ekuqaleni.
Ukunisela kokugcina esigabeni esisebenzayo sonyaka okhulayo sebenzisa amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ukuwa okwesikhashana, esimweni esishisayo, esomile ngo-Okthoba, kwenziwa yesine ukuchelela ukuvimbela. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuvikela isiko ekukheni nasebandleni ebusika.
Ngemuva kokuphuza kufanele uchithe kukhulula futhi kuhlanganiswe inhlabathi emibuthanweni ye-pristvolnyh. Umhlabathi okhululekile unomthelela ekwenzeni i-aeration yendawo yezimpande ezithandayo kanye nezinwele ezimpande. I-Mulch ivikela ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi ayivumeli ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Asikho isidingo sokunisela izihlahla ze-apula ngesikhathi sokuvuna noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela. Lokhu kuzovusa ukukhula kwezinhlumela ezincane ezizofa ebusika, okulimaza kakhulu umuthi noma okuholela ekufeni kwayo.
Yini okufanele usebenzise umanyolo we-apula
Isikhathi lapho kunesidingo sokondla ama-apple ase-Orlik kunqunywa yizigaba zezitshalo zezithelo zezithelo.
Ukudla okunomsoco kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwamahlumela, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo.
В качестве удобрения под зрелые экземпляры можно вносить перепрелый навоз и азотсодержащие смеси. Например, из нитроаммофоски и 30 г аммиачной селитры.
Phakathi ne-fruiting, isixazululo senziwa nge-140 g we-superphosphate, 50 g we-potassium chloride kanye nebhakede lomquba. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo ukwenyuka kokunyuka kwe-biomass kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakelwa komquba wezinkukhu kathathu ngokwesilinganiso se-50: 1.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, lapho ukukhula kwamahlumela sekumile, kuhle ukulungiselela izihlahla ebusika. Ngalokhu, ama-humus noma ama-mineral complexes nelebula "ekwindla" asetshenziswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukondla okwenziwe nge-nitrogenous apula kwesihlahla sama-apula kuyaphikisana, ngoba ukuvuthwa kwezinkuni kuqiniswa.
Izitshalo zifakwe emigodini noma izimbobo ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukujula okunconywe kuya ku-50 cm. Kuvunyelwe isikwele esingu-1. m yenza:
- kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 kg wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomquba eziphilayo, ama-humus noma umquba;
- i-superphosphate yanele ku-60 g (kabili i-superphosphate ithatha 30 g);
- umanyolo we-potashi kuya ku-40 g.
Uma umuthi ukhula enhlabathini e-acidi, abalimi abanolwazi batusa yonke iminyaka engu-3-4. ukunciphisa i-asidi nge-lime (150-300 g ngalinye 1 sq. m). Ngenye indlela, ufulawa, i-marl, ufulawa wama dolomite kanye ne-plaster endala kanye ne-ash ash kungaba efanelekile.
Indlela yokwehlisa umuthi we-apula
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusika izihlahla ze-apula ukukhipha amagatsha afile, agule, adala futhi awonakele, avikela isitshalo ezifweni, ukusabalalisa okungalungile kwejusi nokufa. Ukusika izihlahla kunomthelela ekubunjweni komqhele futhi kunikeza amandla esihlahla ukuze kube nokuhluma okukhulu.
Uyazi? Izihlahla ze-Apple zihlala iminyaka engu-25 kuya kweyengu-50.
Ukususwa kwamahlumela okweqile kwenziwa minyaka yonke, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kabili ngonyaka. Entwasahlobo bayakha umqhele, basuse amagatsha owomile, futhi ekwindla banquma ababuthakathaka nalabo abangenqamuki.I-Orlik i-Autumn pruning ingaqala uma wonke amahlamvu ewa, kodwa kungcono ukulinda amakhaza kanye neqhwa lokuqala. Khona-ke ukunyakaza kwe-sap kuyomisa, futhi umuthi ngeke uhlupheke.
Ukwehla kwegatsha kwamagatsha kwenziwa ngoMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumiswa okwesikhashana. Ezingxenyeni ezisencane, amagatsha ase-lateral we-trunk oyinhloko kanye ne-tip ayanqunywa ngamasentimitha angu-80. Lokhu kwenziwa ukwakha umqhele nokuqinisa uhlelo lwempande.
Emithini yama-apula endala, izingxenye ezigulayo, ezomile nezomisiwe ziqedwa. Ezimweni zokuqina, umqhele kufanele ube mncane ukuze amagatsha angenzi isithunzi omunye nomunye.
Ngemuva komsebenzi, izigaba zivaliwe nge-pitch pitch. Kuhle ukumboza amanxeba amakhulu nge-polyethylene bese uqhafaza nge-tape. Ngemuva kokuguqula isiko, zonke izakhiwo zisusiwe. 
Izithelo zokuvuthwa nokugcina isikhathi
Ukuvuthwa kwama-apula ase-Orlik akuqali kuze kufike ngoSeptemba. Izici zezimo zezulu zingenza izinguquko ezincane ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe isithelo esikhulu futhi ususe kahle esihlahleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile anomhlabathi ngaphandle kokulimala athole ama-apula, ngisho nasemagatsheni aphezulu.
Kunconywa ukuqoqa izithelo zezinhlobo zasebusika kanye ne-stem, ngoba ukutholakala kwalo kunweba isikhathi sokulondoloza izithelo, ukuvimbela amabhaktheriya nesifungeni kuso. Okokuqala, sebenzisa ngamagatsha aphansi, bese ufika phezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuba unakekele ukungalimazi insimu enkonzweni futhi ungashiyi amantombazane kanye nemijelo kukho. Izibonelo ezonakalisiwe kufanele zithunyelwe ukuze zivuselelwe kabusha, kanye nokuhlukumeza, ukudlula futhi okubi kakhulu. Zifanele ukusetshenziswa kokubili efomu elisha kanye nokulungiselela amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene awakhiwe ekhaya.
Ungagudli umuthi. Izithelo akufanele ziphonswe ebhasikisini - ziwohloka uma zishaywa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvunwa ukhethe isimo sezulu esomile esomile.
Ngaphambi kokugcina ama-apula, qinisekisa ukuthi izithelo noma izinambuzane eziphelele nokungenakulungiswa ziya emiphongolweni. Ngakho-ke balala phansi kuze kube sehlobo, bafakwa e-plywood noma emabhokisini amapulangwe, beboshwe ngaphambili ephepheni ngalinye ngephepha.Ngaphambi kokugcina isitoreji, abanye abesifazana bayelulekwa ukuba baphathe indawo ye-ovary kanye ne-stem, kanye namathangi okugcina kanye nezigqoko ezingaphansi kwesinkwa noma utshwala obuthakathaka lwe-potassium permanganate. Ukuze usebenzise ama-apula kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi ungasusi i-wax.
Ukushisa okunempilo okugcina ama-apula kungu-1 ... +3 degrees, okwenza kube lula ukukhululwa kwe-ethylene esithelweni. Umswakama kububanzi buka-85-95%. Uma ephansi, ukuze izithelo zingabimbi, ungagcoba iphepha lokugcoba ngamafutha. Yilungele ukuthi isikhumba sizoba oily.
Izindonga ezisendlini yangasese ziphathwa nge-lime kusengaphambili futhi zinikeza umoya omuhle. Ukuze ugweme ukushintsha okungazelelwe ekushiseni ebusika, isakhiwo esingaphansi sishisa.
Futhi, ukuze ugcinwe, ama-apula angagcwaliswa ngesihlabathi esimanzi, ahlanganiswe ngezikhwama zeplastiki futhi ahlanganiswe noma athululelwe nge-sawdust ebhokisini.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo
Naphezu kokukhuthazela kuka-Orlyk ezifweni nezinambuzane, ngezinqubo zokulima ezingalwazi, ukwesatshiswa kwezidalwa kudala i-cytosporosis, i-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-scab.
Ukubukeka kwe-cytosporosis ikhukhumeza i-fungus ehlala emagqumeni. Ukuqaphela lesi sifo kungaba ezindaweni ezimnyama. Ingozi yukuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka ngentshiseko, sithatha yonke indawo ye-trunk, futhi sibulala isihlahla. Le nqubo iqala ngokuwa emagqabeni bese ewela emagatsheni. I-agent ye-causative ingaqala enhlabathini engalungile, kanye nokungabikho kokugqoka amaminerali nokuphuza, noma uma kwenzeka ukuchelela ngokweqile. 
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha lapho kusayinwa khona. Kuze kube sekugcineni, amagxolo aphathwa nge "Hom". Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso sama-40 g wezidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukufafaza kokuqala kuyadingeka ukubamba ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwezinso. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwelashwa senziwa - umqhele kanye nesiqu siphathwa ngesisombululo sulfur sulfate ngokulingana kwama-50 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukuhlunga okwesithathu kwenziwe futhi nge "Ikhaya".
Idonsa likaMealy futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yokubonakala kwefungi. Lithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ezihilelekile ekufakeni izihlahla. Okokuqala, lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe, kufana nokudla okusanhlamvu. Abathandi abangenalwazi lwezihlahla zezithelo bangathatha uthuli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sifo sibuhlungu, isiqhakabhaka siphendula ifomu elimnyama, amnyama amachashazi. Amahlamvu aboma futhi awe, izithelo azibophekile. 
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, i-apula isetshenziswe nge "Skor" entwasahlobo, futhi ngemuva kokuchichima nge-chlorine yethusi. Ngemuva kokuvuna, umqhele uphathwa nge-sophistiki noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Uyazi? Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane singacutshungulwa nge-apple pepper kanye ne-mustard infusions.Scab okungajwayelekile kubangelwa umsebenzi wefungi. Izimpawu ziqhakaza amaqabunga amaqabunga, emva kwalokho ziyomile futhi zijikeleze. Kungalimaza izithelo - ukuphahla kanye namachashazi amnyama-mabala avele kuma-apula. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuqoqa izingxenye ezithathelwanayo, kubandakanya izithelo, futhi ushise ngaphandle kwensimu.
Isihlahla sinqunywa esikhaleni entwasahlobo lapho amaqabunga evela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi kusukela ekubukeni kokubheka, umuthi uphathwa ngesisombululo se "Topaz". Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, inqubo iphindaphindiwe ngamalungiselelo okuthi "Chom" noma "Sulfure Colloidal".
Isivikelo esihle kunazo zonke namanje sinakekelwa kahle isiko. Ungakhohlwa ukukhipha amaqabunga awele phansi ensimini ekwindla nge-rake, ukuze ungadala izimo ezifanele ezimpilweni.
Ebusika, izinduku zezithelo ziyingozi. Ukuze bangabonakali amagxolo, izihlahla zomuthi zihlanganiswe ngophahla kuze kufike ekuphakameni kwama-50 cm, ubude obukhulu noma ukukhishwa. Ungase ukwesabe izinhlamvu zamaqanda ngamagatsha ama-conifers.
