Kubalimi abaningi be-novice, kungase kubonakale lokho amathole akhula ukuze adle inyama - futhi enzima kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, kodwa ngokuhlelwa kahle kwalolu hlelo, ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezimiso zokuboshwa nokudla kwezilwane, izinkomo zokuzalanisa inyama ekhaya ziyoba nenzuzo kakhulu ekuboneni kwezomnotho. Yini edingekayo kulokhu futhi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu, sizochaza ngezansi.
Izinkunzi ezikhulayo zenyama: ukutadisha ukudla
Uma kukhona amadlelo eduze nepulazi, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthenga isitoko esincane ngo-Ephreli, nakuba ngisho nangensimu enjalo yesilwane esisha, ungenza ipeni elikhethekile, ngokumisa isiteji ngesilinganiso esingu-8-12mm ekhanda ngalinye. Ngalesi sikhathi, nje kubonakala utshani obuncane, obuqukethe amavithamini amaningi awusizo emzimbeni okhulayo wenkunzi.
Kubalulekile! Kuzuzisa kakhulu ukukhulisa izinkunzi, njengoba zihamba ngokushesha kunezinkomo ezithola isisindo esidingekayo futhi ngonyaka wokuqala zingaba ngu-400 kg.
Ukudla kwe-Bull kudlala indima enkulu ekuphumeleleni kwebhizinisi, futhi uma ukwandisa ukudla kwezilwane, uzothola inyama enhle kakhulu yokudla, hhayi nje ukudayiswa, kodwa nokudla kwakho. Abesilisa abasha bayithandwa kakhulu ngokudla, futhi konke okuza kubo emgodleni ngokuvamile kudliwa ngaphandle kokuhlala. Noma kunjalo, ukunqotshwa kwezinkunzi ngendlela esheshayo kusenayo izici zayo, okungafanele ukukhohlwa.
Ebusika, ukudla kwezilwane kufanele kube ne-hay, izimpande zezitshalo kanye nokudla kwezilwane, kanti utshani obomile ehlobo luzoshintshwa kabusha. Isilinganiso sesilinganiso nsuku zonke ngenkunzi ngayinye ingu-3 kg wezinyosi, 2-4 kg wezitshalo zezimpande, 1.5 kg wezingqikithi. Ngasekupheleni konyaka, inani lezinkukhu ezondla kufanele liphindwe kabili, kanti inani lokudla liyancishiswa ngo-1 kg. I-order yokudla esondelene nayo kanje: ukuphuza ekugxileni (kubaluleke kakhulu ukwengeza amavithamini akhethekile amathole, ngoba iyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwawo okusheshayo), bese kudla ukudla okunomsoco futhi ekugcineni utshani noma utshani.
Ukusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe kunganikezwa kokubili okunomile futhi okune-liquid (swipes), kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, amathole adinga amanzi amaningi noma amasondo. Imifino (ukondla ama-watermonons, amazambane, u-squash kanye neqoma) kufanele ihlanjwe kahle futhi igaceke ngaphambi kokukhonza, ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela ukudla okubolile noma okubunjiwe kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle.
Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kutholakala udoti wokudla ekudleni kwezinkunzi, amazambane kuphela kufanele abiliswe kusengaphambili futhi axoxwe kahle. Lapho ukondla izinkunzi ekhaya, ifolishi eluhlaza iqala ukwethulwa kancane kancane, njengoba ushintsho oluvuthiwe ekudleni okujwayelekile luzokwenza ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zokugaya ukudla, futhi isilwane sizolahlekelwa isisindo kuphela. Ngezigaba zokuqala, badla ngo-10-15 kg ngosuku (ikhanda ngalinye), futhi balethe izinga elifinyelela ku-70 kg ngesonto, bedla amathole ngokugxila bese behlukanisa ngokweqile 50-100 g usawoti.
Kubalulekile! Ukudla okuhlaza kungcono ukunikeza ngemuva kokuguqula.
Kuhle kakhulu ukuthi le ntsha ikhula isisindo kumifino, okusanhlamvu kanye nezitshalo ezilukhuni, lapho amaqabunga eyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ziqukethe i-fibre, amavithamini kanye nesamba esikhulu sezakhi ezidingekayo.
Ama-fattening amathole enyama: indlela yokudla abasha
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-fattening bulls for meat (ukudla kungase kube nokungafani):
- Isitoreji esincane esanda sikhula kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1 nengxenye kanye nesisindo esingaba ngu-400kg (inikeza ukudla okunamandla).
- Isikhathi eside - inikeza izinyanga ezingu-7-8 zokudla okulinganiselayo, lapho izinkunzi zifinyelela khona 500 kg. Kulesi simo, inyama ikhuluphele futhi iyamanzi.
- Uhlobo oluphakathi (noma uhlobo oluphakathi) - olubhekene nokudla okunomsoco ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6 kanye nesisindo esikhulu samathole kuze kube ngu-400-450 kg.
Kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili, amathole aphonswa ngaphandle emadlelweni, lapho avame ukuchitha amahora angu-16 ngosuku. Isimo esiyinhloko - ukutholakala kwezindawo ezifakwe emthunzini kanye namanzi anele okwanele. Izinkunzi ezincane unyaka ongu-1 (isikhathi sokuvuthwa okusebenzayo) kumele zigcinwe ku-leash, ngoba ngakho ziyancipha futhi zidla kangcono. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nesamba esanele sokondla, inkunzi yenkomo enonyaka owodwa ubudala ingaba isisindo esingaphezu kuka-500 kg, nakuba ngokwesilinganiso le nkhomba ayidluli ku-400 kg.
Yondla intsha kufanele ibe kathathu ngosuku, futhi mhlawumbe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ipulazi ngayinye isebenzisa isimiso sayo samandla kanye nokudla okuthuthukisiwe kwama-fattening steers. Ezimweni eziningi, isilwane kufanele sithole cishe amagremu angu-600 esisindo sosuku ngosuku. Uma ukhula amathole ekhaya, lokhu kukhetho kulungile kakhulu, ngoba kukuvumela ukuba ugweme ukugqama: ukwedlula ngokweqile noma ukulimaza izilwane ngendlala.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala emva kokubeletha (izinyanga ezingu-1-2), ithole londliwa imikhiqizo yobisi kuphela, kancane kancane yengeza inani elincane lezinga eliphakeme le-hay, i-wheat groats noma utshani obomile ekudleni. Imenyu enjalo izosiza ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezinkunzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesisu sabo. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amathole aphakanyiswayo ngenxa yokunqotshwa adinga amaprotheni anele. Ngakho-ke kuhle uma ulungiselela kusengaphambili okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe, utshani nemifino ehlanziwe kahle.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalemikhiqizo, izinkunzi zizoqala ukuthola imisipha, futhi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye utshani noma ufulawa luzofakwa ekudleni (kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sonyaka). Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, inani lemikhiqizo kwimenyu liye landa kancane, njengoba lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okukhulu nakakhulu. Ukuqaphela lobu buchwepheshe, ngeke nje uthole impendulo yombuzo othi "Ungadla kanjani izinkunzi ngokufanele?", Kodwa futhi ufeze isisindo esivamile sesilwane, okushiwo ukuthi, njengoba sesishilo kakade, kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-400 kg. Kulesi simo, inyama iyinethenda futhi ayinamafutha. Iminyaka enhle kakhulu yezinkunzi zokuhlaba izinyanga zingama-15-18, nakuba kwezinye izimo, ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, izilwane zithunyelwa ekuhlatshweni ekuqaleni.
Uyazi? Ukondla kahle amathole akuyona kuphela into ethinta inani lezinyama ezikhiqizwayo. Inendima ebalulekile idlalwe ubuhlobo besilwane, edumile kunazo zonke yi-Hereford.
Ukudla okuxubile (isabelo sabo esikhulu ekudleni kungafinyelela ku-20% wezingqikithi), ama-oats noma ibhali, inqwaba yemifino eqoshiwe kanye ne-hay, ukutholakala kwamanzi okuqhubekayo (ngisho nakakhulu - amasondo), kanye nokuhlinzeka izilwane nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo kanye nesitayela esihlanzekile kuyisisekelo izici ezithinta impumelelo yenqubo yamathole akhulayo ngenyama. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhulayo zezinkomo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ngesikhathi abanye abalimi benqaba ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezinjalo, abanye basebenzise ngokuqinile, okuyinto engeyona imbi njalo.
Eqinisweni, ukulungiswa kwezinkomo kukhula ngamaqembu amabili: lezo ezisiza umzimba ukuba usebenzise amandla akhe ku-100%, futhi lezo ezenza ukuba kube nokusheshisa okungavamile kokukhula nokuzuza kwesisindo sezilwane. Yiqiniso, esimweni esilandelayo, uma ufuna ukuthola umkhiqizo wekhwalithi, akudingeki ukhulume ngokuvumelana nalolu khetho, ngoba ungakwazi nje ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezinkunzi ngokunciphisa ikhwalithi yenyama, okungase ihlale izinhlayiya zamakhemikhali. Kunoma yikuphi, kunikezwa ukuthi izikhuthazo yizidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukukhula kanye nokuzuza kwesisindo samathole, kuphela ukuthi unquma ukuthi ngabe amakhemikhali angaphandle angadingeka emzimbeni wezilwane eziphakanyisiwe.
Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele ngezinhlobo zenyama
Ngakho-ke, sesivele sithole indlela nokuthi singayidla kanjani izinkunzi zokuncelisa, kodwa ukudla okuhle nokujwayelekile kungumyingxenye wempumelelo kuphela. Ingxenye yesibili ukudala izimo ezifanele zezindlu nokuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwamathole. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ekamelweni lapho kukhona khona izinkunzi, ngoba isigcawu sabo kufanele sibe somile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukususa ungqimba olugcotshwe nsuku zonke nsuku zonke, kanye kanye ngenyanga ukufaka indawo yonke indawo.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwezinkunzi ekhaya kuzozikhulula ezifweni futhi kuzokuvumela ukuba usebenzise isisindo ngokushesha, ngoba akukho teknoloji ye-fattening engasebenza ngendlela evamile ezinqolobaneni ezingcolile. Umquba kufanele uhlanzwe kathathu ngosuku, emva kokudla kwamathole. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokwenza inqubo njalo, zama ukuhlanza kahle i-stall, okungenani ubusuku.
Ukudla ngezinkunzi kufanele kwenziwe njalo amahora angu-8, kanti udokotela wezilwane uzobala izinga lansuku zonke lemikhiqizo ethile ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kusukela ekuzalweni kwethole kanye nedatha yokuqala. Ungayinaki iseluleko sikadokotela, ngoba izilwane kufanele zithole inani elifanele lokudla, hhayi ukudla ngokweqile nokungalali. Imenyu enhle isisekelo sokuthola isisindo esisheshayo, ngaphandle kwezifo nokukhuluphala.
Uyazi? Abanye abalimi abanolwazi bancoma ukusebenzisa ifolishi ye-cereal njengendlela yokudla okunomsoco, okuzokugcina imali nokunciphisa izindleko zenyama.
Ngokungafani nezinkabi, izinkunzi ezincane zigcinwe kangcono ezigodini, futhi abanye abantu ngenxa yemvelo yabo ehlukumezekile baboshwe esigodini ngamaketanga noma ngezintambo. Kuphela ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwezilwane ezinonya nokugwema ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo nezinye izakhamuzi zasepulazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvinjelwa kokunyakaza kukuvumela ukuba uthole isisindo ngokushesha, okungeke kushiwo ngokugcinwa kwamadlelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ithole lilondoloze ukudla okuhle, kufanele lithathwe nsuku zonke emoyeni omusha, futhi ngemva kokuhamba uhlinzeka nge-swill ne-hay.
Kunezimiso ezimbalwa ezilula ukuthi noma yikuphi umlimi wesimanje okufanele alandele lapho enquma ukuzala amathole enyama.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwamathole e-vet ngaphambi kokuthenga;
- ukwenza yonke imithi ngokuya kwezilwane;
- ukuqeqeshwa ukuhamba kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila (kodwa emva kokuba amazolo ehla);
- okuqukethwe emthunzini ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo;
- ukuhambisana nemigomo yokuhlanzeka emasakeni (phansi kufanele njalo ihlanzeke futhi isomile);
- inhlangano yokuhamba ngokujwayelekile yesikhwama esincane, njengoba kungenjalo izinkunzi zizoba nobudlova futhi zibuhlungu;
- ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa esigodini (izinga lokushisa ekamelweni akufanele liwe ngaphansi kwe-+10 ° C);
- ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwamathole ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi baba nobudlova futhi bangalimaza abantu bakithi.
Kuphela uma ucabangela zonke lezi zingu-nuances uzokwazi ukufeza imiphumela ephumelela kakhulu ezinqenqenqenqenqenqenqeneni ezizokhipha imali eyothola imali engenayo.
Ukukhishwa kwama-gobi kuthinta kanjani inyama
"Ukuncelisa kanjani inkunzi?" futhi "Yisiphi ukudla sethole okufanele sisetshenziselwe ukuthola inzuzo engcono?" - imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile abalimi babuzwa abanye: "Ingabe kufanelekile ukugxila izinkunzi ezincane?". Okokuqala, lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokuqinisa isilwane, esizokwenza esikhathini esizayo ukugwema izinkinga ngendlela enobudlova besilisa. Kalula nje, ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukunciphisa inani lokulimala izilwane ezithandana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isifiso sabantu abafakwe emanzini akhuphukile sanda kakhulu, kepha ubuhlungu besisindo buhamba kancane kakhulu kunezinkunzi ezingekho ngaphansi komhlaba (ngokwesilinganiso, isilwane esinjalo sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamatshumi angaphansi). Ngakho-ke, sinquma ukugxilisa amathole, kufanele uqonde ukuthi bayodinga ukudla okungaphezulu ukuze bazuze isisindo, futhi njengoba izicubu ze-muscle zikhula kabi, eziningi zalezi zinkunzi zikhuluphele kakhulu, ezithinta kabi inyama enomzimba. Njengesisombululo senkinga yalolu daba, ukuqhutshwa kwesikhumba kwenziwa ngesikhathi seminyaka eyodwa. 
Inyama yezinkunzi ezingenayo iqukethe izikhathi ezinamafutha angu-1.5-2 kunokudla kwabantu abangenawo ama-untrimmed, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sinethenda futhi sinomsoco kakhulu, futhi kunezici zokunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokuxoshwa, i-torso yezilwane iqala ngokulinganayo, futhi umhlane ulula. Kusukela embonweni wezokwelapha, inqubo yokuqothula ihlanganisa ukunqunywa kokuhlinzwa kwezingqungquthela zocansi, ngenxa yalokho ushintsho emlandweni we-hormonal lwenzeka ngokubambezeleka kokukhula.
Uma unquma ukuthi ukuxoshwa kuyinkambiso ephoqelekile, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwesilwane, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6-6.5. Ukugijimela ngokweqile kuyoholela ekunciphiseni ekukhuleni kwezinkunzi endaweni yesakhiwo somzimba esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile isikhathi sokulibala, ngoba kuyoba nzima ukubhekana nenkunzi endala (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).
Izinkunzi ezincane zikhishwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba ziphume emadlelweni. Uma ngalesi sikhathi ubudala besilwane singadlulanga izinyanga ezimbili, inqubo ilinywe kuze kube ngonyaka ozayo.
Izinkunzi ezikhulayo ekhaya ukuthola inyama zingabizwa ngokuthi inqubo elula, ikakhulukazi uma uqonda ngokucacile lokho okudingekayo kuwe, futhi ulandele zonke izincomo ngokungaqiniseki. Into esemqoka kuleli bhizinisi ukunakekelwa okufanele, isevisi yezilwane ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokudla okuphezulu. Ngokunamathela kulezi zidingo, ungathola umphumela omuhle uma ukhulisa izilwane.
