Uma ufuna ukukhulisa isithelo sesithelo se-apula esakhiweni sakho noma ukutshala umuthi owodwa nje, futhi uthole izitshalo eziningi, kufanele uqale wazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle: indlela yokutshala i-apula lapho kahle khona emhlabathini entwasahlobo, yiphi indawo ongayikhetha, yiluphi uhlelo lokulandela, njll. Sizoxoxa ngalezi zinto nezinye eziningi.
Uyazi? Okhokho bethu bahlale bedla izithelo zemifula yasendle. Izinsalela zemithi lezi zitholakale zifunyenwe ngabavubukuli ezindaweni zasolwandle ezikhathini zeNeolithic (eSwitzerland). Kodwa i-apula efuywayo ivela ezindaweni zanamuhla zakwaKyrgyzstan naseningizimu yeKazakhstan. Kukhona futhi manje ongakwazi ukuhlangana nama-Sivers we-apple asendle, okuvela kulowo muthi owakhiwe ngawo namuhla.
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo: lapho uqala ukusebenza
Inzuzo yokutshala intwasahlobo yukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, izihlahla ziyoba nesikhathi sokuqina futhi kube lula ukuhlala kunciphisa izinga lokushisa. Impendulo yombuzo othi "Uma uhlwanyela kahle ama-apula entwasahlobo?" kuxhomeke ikakhulukazi esifundeni sakho sokuhlala. Ngaphakathi-latitudes, isikhathi sokutshala siphakathi kuka-Ephreli, kanye nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze uhlole ukulungele kwenhlabathi, vele uyifake ngefosholo: i-bayonet kufanele ibe lula ukungena emhlabathini. Ungalindeli ukudonsa okuphelele kwenhlabathi noma ukuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma sekwephuzile kakhulu ukutshala umuthi akwanele umswakama, kuzoqala ukuguga bese kuguga emva kokukhula. Konke kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga aqhakaze. Mhlawumbe izithombo zilahlekelwa ikhwalithi yazo ngokugxuma okubukhali ekushiseni. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziba nesomiso sekusasa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokutshala izithombo ze-apula entwasahlobo, ngoba lokhu kuncike kakhulu emthonjeni omuhle wokukhula kwesihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ezitshalwe entwasahlobo kufanele ziphuze njalo njalo njalo. Ukuphuza okwanele kungabangela ukomiswa okubonakalayo ohlelweni lwempande olubuthakathaka, okugcina luholela ekuthuthukiseni okungalingani kwezingxenye ezingaphansi nangaphansi komhlaba.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo zokutshala: amathiphu jikelele nezincomo
Njengoba echaze izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula, ungahamba ngezinsimbi zokutshala. Izimakethe zemvelo azihambisani kahle nalokhu, ngoba ezindaweni ezinjalo kukhona amathuba okuthenga uhlobo olungalungile noma izitshalo ezibuthaka ezigcinwe ngokungalungile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuxhumana nesitolo noma i-nursery ekhethekile. Uma uthenga, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola amagxolo wesampula esikhethiwe: kufanele kube ngaphandle komonakalo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo zika-apula entwasahlobo, kufanele zibe nemitha eyi-1.5 yokukhula, uhlelo lwezinsizi ezineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala (okungenani amagatsha amathathu amahlumela 30-35 cm ubude) namagatsha amaningana (okungenani ama-3, 50 cm). Esikhathini sembewu ephezulu, ukusika kuyoba okukhanyayo futhi kuyomnandi, kanti noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinambuzane nezifo kufanele zingekho ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, i-trunk yesitshalo ngesikhathi sokuthengisa isivele iqala ukuqina.
Uyazi? Engxenyeni yaseKivanvan Rus, izihlahla zama-apula ezitshalwe kuqala zavela ngekhulu le-11. Ngo-1051 (isikhathi sokubusa kukaJaroslav the Wise) insimu yonke yayitshalwe, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi ingadi yaseKiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ngekhulu le-XVI, izihlahla zama-apula zaqala ukukhula enyakatho yeRussia.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula entwasahlobo, unakekele indawo efanelekile. Khetha isakhiwo ngokukhanyisa okuhle (mhlawumbe hhayi ngakwesokunxele). futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ivikelwe emoyeni, ngoba impova yezinambuzane izoba ngcono, futhi isivuno siphakeme. Futhi qiniseka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile kule ndawo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke aqale ukugeza izimpande zomuthi. Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhetha inhlabathi enomhlabathi, elula, e-loamy.
Indlela yokutshala umuthi wama apula entwasahlobo, imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukwenza kube lula ukuthola indlela yokutshala i-apula ngesihlahla sonyaka ka-spring, sikunikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sale nqubo.
Indlela yokulungisa umhlabathi wokutshala i-apula entwasahlobo
Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukumane, ngaphandle kokulungiselela, ungcwatshe izithombo emhlabathini, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke zithole izimpande noma isivuno ngeke sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukumba izindawo ezikhethiwe kusengaphambili (ngasekupheleni kwehlobo / ekuqaleni kwekwindla), futhi ngokushesha ukhulule ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Uma unquma ukutshala inqwaba yezihlahla ze-apula esiqhingini sakho, unyaka ngaphambili kungcono ukuhlwanyela i-lupines, lwesinaphi, i-phacelia noma ezinye izitshalo zomquba oluhlaza endaweni ekhethiwe. Vumela bona bakhule, bangavumeli izimbali, bese bakha. Ungasusi utshani obunamanzi, ushiye kusayithi ngaphambi kokumba.
Uma inhlabathi ingumbumba - ngeke ukwazi ukudlula umswakama kanye nezihlahla ze-apula zizovuna ngokushesha. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, phakamisa izinga elingama-80 cm, usebenzise umquba, isihlabathi somfula kanye ne-peat.
Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi
Ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala i-apula kungenziwa entwasahlobo (ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala) noma ngisho nasekuwa. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngeke ibe yindawo kuphela yezimpande, kodwa isisetshenziswa semithombo yezitshalo eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo.
Ngakho-ke:
- Dweba inombolo edingekayo yemigodi engu-70 cm ejulile futhi ibe ngu-60 cm ububanzi.
- Uma kunesidingo, hlela amanzi.
- Lungisa isigxobo phakathi nendawo, ushiye 30-40 cm phezulu.
- Engeza i-peat, umquba obolile, i-humus kanye ne-compost emhlabathini okhishiwe.
- Gcwalisa ngokuphelele phezulu kwegquma nge-yamuin.
- Ukukhululeka ngenhlabathi.
Ukutshala izitshalo
Ekhuluma ngendlela yokutshala i-apula entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuba ufake phakathi nesikhombisi-sinyathelo-sinyathelo futhi nesitshalo sokutshala izithombo. 
Ihlanganisa izenzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqala, faka izimpande emanzini amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Khona-ke, bamba umthombo wesayizi edingekayo ekulungiselelwe kahle kusengaphambili (i-rhizome kufanele ifakwe kalula).
- Beka isithombo emthonjeni ukuze isigxobo sisehlangothini eningizimu yesitshalo.
- Spread izimpande.
- Ziphuze ngamanzi afudumele.
- Fafaza izimpande nomhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba umswakama ubambe. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo lapho i-trunk ne-rhizome ixhumeka ku-4-5 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi.
- Lindela okwesikhashana uphinde uthule umhlabathi ngefosholo.
- Thepha isihlahla sama-apula ukuze usekele (eduze nomsuka nangaphezulu).
- Nisela amanzi (40 l amanzi amanzi ngesikhathi esisodwa), bese ungenawo amanzi cishe isonto.
- I-mulch pristvolny yembuthano nge-sawdust noma i-pine izinaliti.
- Zama ukwenza umqhele.
Uyazi? Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga elithile phakathi kwezihlahla. Kuxhomeke kuhlobo lomuthi. Ngaphambili, ngokuvamile, batshala izihlahla ezinkulu ze-apula (ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-6 ukusuka komunye nomunye). Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe manje, kepha izihlahla zezithelo emthonjeni wezitshalo ziye zathandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa usayizi wabo ohlangene, okulula kakhulu ukuvuna. Zingahlwanyelwa kude no 4m kusuka komunye nomunye. Izinhlobo ezinemibala e-Colon zivame ukukhula, zigcina ibanga elingu-2 m phakathi kwazo.
Indlela yokutshala i-apula ngesihlahla sehlobo: amaphutha avamile
Ukuze ukwazi ukugwema amaphutha lapho utshala ama-apula, sizokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele ucabangele kuqala.
Ngakho:
- Lezi zihlahla zikhula kahle kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
- Lapho ubala uhlelo lokutshala ama-apple, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ibanga lamapayipi nezinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi kagesi, izintambo, njll. kumele okungenani ibe ngu-3 m.
- Musa ukushintsha ama-apula nezinye izitshalo zezithelo.
- Umquba omusha noma umquba owenziwe emgodini wokutshala uzotshisa izimpande.
- Ukuze uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo lungabe luyomile, lucubungele ngomquba webumba ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Lungisa ngokuphephile isitampuli (ungasebenzisa ukwakhiwa okungewona okungu-1, kodwa ngezikhonkwane ezingu-3 ezixhunywe yi-jumpers). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uzothola eceleni.
Isihlahla se-Apple - enye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokutshala i-apula entwasahlobo, ulwazi lwemithetho eyisisekelo kanye nezinhlelo zokutshala izithombo kuzosiza ekufezeni imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho ukhula lezi zihlahla zezithelo. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sasiwusizo kuwe kanye nemithi yama-apple etshalwe ngokushesha izokhipha izimpande, futhi kuzokuhlala isikhathi eside sikujabulise ngezitshalo eziningi.
