Hazel abantu abaningi babecabanga njengomuthi ongaqondakali, bezungezwe izinkwanekwane, izinganekwane nezinkolelo-zefuthi Isibonelo, amaSlav ayebheka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlanzekile futhi singcwele, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuduma kwemvula bafihla ngaphansi kwalo, bamisa amagatsha ngamabhande futhi bawasebenzisa endaweni ababefuna ukuyivikela ekukhanyeni. Yini ephawuleka ngempela kulo muthi nokuthi ungakukhulela kanjani ekhaya, sichaza ngezansi.
Hazel (Hazelnut): Incazelo ye-Hazel
Hazel, noma i-hazel - kuyisihlahla esinqumayo (shrub) somndeni wakwaBirch, esikhula ngamamitha ayi-10. Iqukethe umqhele oqanda amaqanda, flat noma ohlangothini. Amagxolo omuthi unombala obomvu, ahlukaniswe imivimbo ehambayo. Uhlelo lwempande lunamandla, ngaphandle. Amaqabunga e-Hazel ayimfucumfucu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akhomba, ahlangene, a-ovate.
Uyazi? Abantu bayabiza i-hazel hazelnut noma i-nut, futhi ama-hazelnuts ajwayelekile emasikeni isitshalo esihluke ngokuphelele. Ama-hazelnuts ne-hazel - izihlahla ezihlobene, abamele umndeni ofanayo.
I-hazelnut ihluma (noma njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi "ama-hazelnuts") iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngoMashi-Ephreli), ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi amacici egolide avela esihlahleni. Njengoba i-hazel ibhekisela ezitshalweni ze-monoecious, zombili izimbali zamathambo kanye nezimbali zitholakala emthini ofanayo noma shrub. I-hazel flower iqukethe ama-stamens aqoshiwe. I-Hazel iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesikhombisa noma wesishiyagalombili wokuphila futhi iveza izitshalo ngonyaka. Izithelo zincane (2 cm), ezimelelwa ngamantongomane ama-oval noma angama-spheric ahlanganiswe ne-plyus eluhlaza. Isiqu ngasinye singaqukatha izithelo ezingaba ngu-30, nakuba kuvame ukutholakala 3-4. Ukukhula ngo-Agasti. Isihlahla se-hazel sikhiqiza ngokubeka, imbewu, noma izimpande.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zama-hazelnuts, okuthandwa kakhulu yi-Panahesky. Izithelo zaso zinambitheka ezimnandi futhi zibhekwa ngokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu (62-65%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlukahluka kunikeza isivuno esikhulu minyaka yonke futhi akudingi impova.
UHazel uhlala e-broadleaf, e-coniferous nangamahlathi ahlanganisiwe, futhi kulezo zindawo lapho i-hazel ejwayelekile ekhula khona, yakha ama-dense aminyene, ekhula ngokunamandla kwi-cuttings namadlelo. Isakazwa kabanzi eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseYurophu. Ikhetha umhlaba omusha, ovundile futhi onomswakama, ngakho-ke, uvame ukutholakala phansi emifuleni, emifuleni, emifuleni, emahlathini nasehlathini. Ezindaweni ezimbi, ezinamaxhaphozi, ezinama-acidic, e-peat cishe azikhuli.
Kodwa-ke, amantongomane anomsoco futhi anempilo angenambitha hhayi emahlathini kuphela - lesi sihlahla sesilinywa isikhathi eside. Ukuvunwa kweHazel kunokwenzeka ukufika emagcekeni, uma wazi imininingwane yokunakekela nokulima kwalesi sitshalo.
Uphi indawo engcono yokutshala i-hazel
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezichazweyo yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu ezingenayo i-hazelnut ejwayelekile, i-Pontic, amahlamvu ahlukene nezinkulu. Ama-Northeastern, empumalanga, enyakatho yezintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi angcono ukulima emasikweni, ngoba kulezi zindawo ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke kuncane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ingozi yokushisa ne-frostbite iyancipha.
Uyazi? Ama-hazelnut kernels aqukethe amafutha angama-60%, amaprotheni angu-18%, amavithamini, ama-micro-micronutrients, futhi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo kwangempela, asetshenziselwa kakhulu embonini yokudla.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika: ukukhanya kufanele kube kanjani
Isihlahla se-Hazel -tUmuthi obekezelayo futhi awuwuthandi ilanga eliqondile, kodwa ngokumnyama okukhulu kungaveza isivuno esibi, futhi amaqabunga awo ashintsha umbala. Indawo lapho i-hazel izokhula khona akufanele ibonwe nezikhukhula.
Khetha insimu ekhululekile, enezikhathi ezikhanyisiwe futhi ivikelwe kusuka kubulungiswa engxenyeni engadini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba lapho kuhlongozwa khona ama-hazelnuts akumele kube ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. 
Indawo ekahle yokutshala - eduze kwezindonga zezakhiwo. Uma engekho, khona-ke uhla lwamanzi lungaba yisivikelo emimoyeni. Ama-hazelnuts akhulayo ayamukelekile eduze kwezihlahla ezinomqhele ovuthayo, kodwa akufanele abe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-4-5 ukusuka kuwo. Ngakho-ke, indawo enomsoco enhle ye-hazelnut izosindiswa - 16-25 m².
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukutshala i-hazel emithambekeni eningizimu, ejulile. Izimila ziyaqhakaza lapho ngaphambili, futhi kukhona ingozi yokulimala kwesithwathwa ku-ovary..
Ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, kutuswa ukuba utshale i-hazel esakhiweni esicaba.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukuze sikhule i-hazel ehlwanyelayo esiqhingini, kungcono ukhethe ukuvuthwa, ukukhululeka, ukucwiliswa kahle, ukungathathi hlangothi noma okuncane kakhulu (pH 6-6.5) inhlabathi yokutshala. Kulo mhlaba ukuthi ama-hazelnuts akhula masinyane ezimpandeni, aqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka engu-3-4, futhi inqubo yokulima yayo ayidala izinkinga ezingadingekile.
Emhlabathini we-chernozem, ukuze uthole umswakama ongcono nokuphefumula emoyeni, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise isihlabathi nomquba womquba. I-Hazel ngeke isinde kahle enhlabathini enhlabathi, emadwala futhi emanzini, futhi inhlabathi emuncu kufanele ibe yi-lime yokuqala (500 g ngalinye 1 m²).
Izici zokutshala i-hazel engadini
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, kumele uqale udwebe iphethini lokutshala ama-hazelnut, futhi kufanele ucabange ukuthi lapho utshala izihlahla eziningana eceleni, ukuvumbuluka kwemvelo kuyakhiwa. Kungcono ukutshala i-hazel eceleni kwemingcele yesayithi.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Uhlobo lwe-Hazel ngezindlela eziningana:
- Umsuka ukhula. Ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile, amahlumela asetshalwe ku-greenhouse iminyaka engu-1-2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izici zesitshalo somama zigcinwa.
- Imbewu. Ukutshala izithelo (okungukuthi, yinzalo) ye-hazel kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emi-5-6.
- Ngokwahlukana. Amagatsha asevele anomsindo wamasentimitha angu-15 ubude ahlukaniswe nesitshalo somdala. Isithombo ngasinye sihlwanyela ngokwehlukana. Ngosizo lwaloluhlelo lokuhlala phansi kungenzeka ukulimaza amahlumela e-hazel.
- Cuttings. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amahlumela anamandla kakhulu kuneminyaka engu-1-2.
- Ukubeka. Amagatsha asebusika entwasahlobo entwasahlobo, afakwa emagqumeni futhi angene kancane kancane.
- Inoculation Inqubo yenziwa ehlobo, futhi izivuno zivunwa kusukela ekwindla.
Izithombo ezinhle ze-hazel (uma uhlela ukutshala njengesitshalo esihlwanyelwe) kufanele okungenani zibe nama-2-4 ama-twig amahle 30-50 cm ubude obukhulu obuyi-1-1.5 cm, futhi uhlelo lwempande kufanele lufakwe kahle.
Uyazi? Ngokudla, I-400 g yama-hazel kernels afana nokudla komuntu omdala ngosuku olulodwa.
Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi
Ukutshala ama-hazelnuts kumele kubanjwe ekwindla. Okokuqala, faka izimbiza ngokujula kwama-50-60 cm nobubanzi buka-80 cm, ama-humus noma umquba (10-15 kg), umanyolo wamaminerali (superphosphate, potassium sulfate) kanye nenhlabathi ecebile ethathwe ngaphansi kwe-hazelnut ithululelwe kuwo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemikhumbi lixhomeke ekukhuleni kwamandla ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, amaqabunga amahlathi kufanelekile okungenani abe namamitha amane, ngamabhodi ajwayelekile - 1.5-2.5 amamitha. Kukhona futhi ukutshala ngezidleke, lapho izithombo eziningana zifakwa khona embuthaneni ozungeza umgodi omkhulu (cishe u-1 m), ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwezithombo okungenani ama-50 cm. isihlahla esikhulu.
Kubalulekile! Izifo ezigulayo kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi i-hazel impova ibangela ukusabela kwe-allergen.
Ukutshala i-hazel engadini
Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, izimpande zezithombo ziyancipha zibe ngu-20-25 cm, zimanzi nge-mash ezixubene nomquba nobumba, bese zifakwa endaweni elungisiwe (hhayi kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala) imigodi, kude namamitha angu-4-5 komunye nomunye ( bafuna ukwakha igodi). Ukutshala okuluhlaza kufanele kuthululwe kakhulu (2 amabhakede we-sapling ngayinye). Emva kwalokhu, imibuthano eseduze-i-trunk ihlanganiswe ngendwangu ka-3-5 cm ye-peat noma i-humus, futhi amagatsha anciphisa ama-20-25 cm.
Izinga lempande yentamo kufanele lingcwatshwe ngo-2-3 cm futhi lingagcini umhlabathi, okuzokwenza ukukhula nokuhlanganiswa kwezimpande. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi kuphela endaweni yokusabalalisa izimpande. Njengoba i-hazel idinga i-cross-pollination, izihlahla kufanele zibekwe eceleni, futhi kungcono uma zinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokutshala ama-hazelnut, isikhala samahhala phakathi kwezitshalo singasetshenziselwa izitshalo zemifino.
Uyazi? I-Hazel bark inezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, izithiyo zokulwa nesifo se-antiseptic, se-astringent. I-tincture yayo iyasiza nge-varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, izifo zesifo sofuba, ukutholakala kwamavithamini, ukushaywa kwe-malaria, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuguqulwa kwegazi.
Konke mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-hazelnut
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla ezincane kanye nezihlahla kuyancipha ukunciphisa izihlahla zomuthi nokuhlangana kwazo, kodwa ama-hazelnuts kukhona ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulima.
Ukunisela nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Izithombo ezincane kudingeka ziqale ukuphuza isonto emva kokutshala. Ngemuva kokunisela okunezintambo ezingu-2-3, i-capillaries yomhlabathi iyohlangana, ibhedi lokutshala ngeke lihlukaniswe nomhlaba wonke futhi lizogcina isimo sayo semanzi, sinikeze izithombo ngezici ezidingekayo eminyakeni engu-3-4 elandelayo. Uma unyaka unomile, i-hazel idinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Ungakhathazeki ngamanzi - izihlahla kudingeka ziphuze okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Ukukhumbula ukuthi i-hazel ne-hazel ikhula kanjani futhi iphindaphindeka ezimweni zemvelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ijwayele ukubunjwa ngokweqile kwezimpande ezimpande futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqiza isivuno esincane. Ngakho-ke, izimpande ezimpande zidinga ukubhujiswa zisencane, ngokushesha nje lapho ziqala ukuphakama phezulu. Ukuze ususwe ngokuphumelelayo, gxuma inhlabathi nxazonke zehlumela futhi usike ihlumela emhlabathini. Le nqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze i-hazelnut ithele isivuno esihle, akusiyo kuphela ukutshala okufanele kubalulekile, kodwa futhi nokunakekelwa okuthile. Ekwindla, i-hazel idliwe nge-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanti entwasahlobo isihlahla siyodinga i-ammonium nitrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze zonke izithelo zivuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, zisebenzisa umquba we-nitrogen - zondliwa ngoJulayi. Izitshalo zokutshala nezitshalo zidla kahle ekwindla zisebenzisa imifino ephilayo (umanyolo, umquba, i-superphosphate, i-potashi usawoti) ngalinye ibhakede ngalinye ngemitha engu-1.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo ezincane zidinga inhlabathi yekwindla.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-hazel
I-nut ye-hazel, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okwenziwa e-dacha, kanye nesihlobo sayo sasendle, sikwazi ukuvumela izimpande. Ukuze ulondoloze isivuno, akufanele uvumele ukuqina kwamagatsha ngaphakathi esihlahleni (uma wenza umqhele, kuphela ama-6-10 kuphela amahlumela asebenzayo angasondelene kakhulu).
Njengoba isihlahla sikhula, amagatsha aphikisayo, abonakalisiwe nabomile asuswe. Izitshalo ezineminyaka engamashumi amabili zithathelwa kancane kancane amahlumela amancane, zisuse "amadoda amadala" amabili ngonyaka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Hazel izinambuzane nezifo
Kwenzeka ukuthi i-hazel ejwayelekile iqala ukukhubazeka, nakuba ukunakekelwa kokufika nokulandelwa okwenziwe kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo.
Lokhu kubangelwa izinambuzane nezifo ezinjenge-hazel:
- nut weevil;
- i-kidney mite;
- i-aphid;
- i-walnut barbel;
- isihlangu;
- indawo emnyama;
- i-powdery isikhutha.
Njengoba sekutholile izinambuzane esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukuzithuthukisa emagatsheni, ngaphambili zisakaze ifilimu ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ama-insecticide angasetshenziswa futhi ukulawula izinambuzane. Zichithwa kabili ngesinye isikhathi: ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga futhi emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-hazel ne-hazel batusa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfur colloidal ne-boric acid. 
Uma ekupheleni kwamaqabunga ehlobo kunconywa ama-hazelnut ngobuningi, lesi sitshalo cishe sithinteka yi-moths. Ziqoqwe ngesandla noma zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda amakhemikhali (uma kwenzeka ukungcola ngokweqile). Njengendlela yokuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane entwasahlobo, amagxolo asehlathini kufanele ahlanzwe ngesikhathi, amahlamvu aqoqwe ekwindla kufanele ahlanzwe, futhi ngesikhathi sehlobo futhi izithelo ezimbi kakhulu kufanele zisuswe.
Uyazi? Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwamafutha ebisi lwebele Izinhlamvu ze-Hazel zinconywa ukuthi zizisebenzise ngesikhathi se-lactation.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvunwa kwe-Hazel ngo-Agasti nasekuseni kuka-September. Umuthi ovuthiwe uhlukaniswa yi-ply brownish, etholakala izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele futhi iqala ukuqubuka. Ukuvuna komile amasonto amabili, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izinhlamvu ezivela ku-pluses. Izithelo eziqoqiwe zigcinwe ezitsheni noma ezikhwameni endaweni eyomile-ke azilahlekelwa ukunambitheka eminyakeni emibili.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo ezomile ze-hazel ziyashesha ukuba zibe isikhunta.
Noma yiziphi izihlahla ezinhle ezingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa, ngakho ukuba khona "komhlali wehlathi" kusayithi kuye kwaba yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuhlelwa kwemvelo. Udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi i-hazel iyini, khetha izinhlobo ezifanele, uhlume ngokufanele futhi uhambisane nemithetho yokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.
