Amapheya - okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, kanye nesithelo esihle kakhulu. Kusukela emaapula ajwayelekile avamile ahlukanisa ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi. Ngokuvamile emasimini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni kunezihlahla eziningi zama-apula kunezihlahla eziphakathi kwe-pear.
Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zepey. Njengomthetho, zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyafana kakhulu. Kodwa ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabo, i-pear yezinhlobonhlobo zeMemori yeZhegalov ivela.
I-Pear Memory Zhegalov - eyaziwayo, ehlukahlukene ekwindla, ihlose inhloso yonke. Ake sibheke zonke izici zaleli klasi.
Uyazi? Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi zihlonishwe yi-geneticist evelele uSergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, owadala owokuqala eMnyangweni wezokuzizalisa okhethekile we-USSR.
Umlando wokuzalanisa izinhlobo zezinhluzane ze-Memory Zhegalov
Abalimi be-former Soviet Union banesizathu esikhulu sokuziqhenya.
Imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo onzima ingabonwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya kanye nezinye izitshalo, eziphumelela kakhulu ezindaweni zonke ezingadini.
Omunye wemikhiqizo yezolimo kwakuyizinto ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kweMemori kaZhegalov, eyalinywa ngumzalisi odumile - uSergey Tikhonovich Chizhov.
Ngama-1980, uS. S. T. Chizhov wenza umsebenzi ekuhlosweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezifana no-Olga noLesnaya Beauty. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, i-Memory of Zhegalov inhlobonhlobo yadalwa. Ngama-90s, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadlula zonke izivivinyo zombuso futhi zavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Izinhlamvu zezikhonkwane ze-Memory Zhegalov
Incazelo pear izinhlobo Memory Zhegalov kufanele iqale ngokubeka izici zayo eziyinhloko. Ngenxa yalokhu kudingekile ukuba uhlale ekuchazeni kokubili umuthi uqobo kanye nezithelo zawo - amapheya aphunga kanye namanzi.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo zezinkumbulo Zhegalov ziphikisana nezifo eziyinhloko zezihlahla zezithelo zomlingiswa wefungal, njengesikhumba.
Incazelo yomuthi
Imithi yalezi zihlukahlukene ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile izihlahla ziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa nazo zingaba zide. Umqhele womuthi unomhlobo osakazekayo, kunalokho awuvamile, kodwa ubonakala ngamahlamvu amahle. Amagxolo omuthi u-grey noma umnyama omnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezivuno eziphakeme kakhulu, isibonelo, cishe amakhilogremu angu-40 wamapareyi angaqoqwa emthini owodwa. 
Ngokuvamile ukuphakama kwesihlahla sePear ku-Memory of Zhegalov kungamamitha amathathu. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siqala engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, futhi uma isimo sezulu sinqabile, sinombalwa omncane wezinsuku ezishisayo, ukuvuthwa kungase kuqhubeke futhi kuqale ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Amapheya agcinwa kahle emagatsheni. Umehluko wenkumbulo kaZhegalov - Lokhu ukuthengiswa okuphezulu nokuhamba kahle okuhle.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zokufinyelela ebangeni ubukhulu besilinganiso. Njengomthetho, isisindo sesithelo singama-125-145 g, ngezinye izikhathi amapheya angafinyelela isisindo sika-210 g nangaphezulu. I-pear inesimo se-biconomic noma i-obovate, esembozwe isikhumba esincane, esicwebezelayo, esicwebezelayo, esiphakathi nesisindo esinamafutha. Umbala we-pear unombala ophuzi okombala noma ophuzi ngombala obomvu, obumnyama obomvu obomvu. Imbewu yobukhulu obuphakathi nosundu omnyama, umbala ocebile.
Inyama yamapheya ihlukaniswa nombala okhanyayo omhlophe noma ophuzi obala. Amapheya ahlonishwa ngamazinga aphezulu we-oiliness ne-juiciness. I-pulp yesithelo isineke, inesayizi okusanhlamvu okuphakathi. I-Fruit Pear Memory Zhegalova inambitheka enomnandi futhi iphunga elimnandi.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Okukhulu kunazo zonke nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkumbulo Zhegalov lokhu kuyingozi. Ngenxa yobumnandi bokuvunwa kokuqala kwamapheya angatholakala eminyakeni 3-4 emva kokutshala isihlahla. Ukuqhathanisa: izinhlobo ezifana neMoscow Bergamot noDobryanka ziletha izithelo zokuqala eminyakeni engama-4-5, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkumbulo zikaFebhuwari ngisho nangaphezulu - eminyakeni emi-5-6.
Enye inzuzo yenkomba yezinwele Zhegalov ukuhamba kahle nokuthutha impilo.
Ukuphila kokugcina kwezinkumbulo zikaZhegalov kungukuthi yizinsuku eziyi-100-120, ngenxa yokuthi ungayithokozela kanjani i-pulp elimnandi futhi elisha kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari. Futhi, ezihlukahlukene zibhekene nezimpande ezincane zezithelo, okukuvumela ukuba usindise iningi lokuvunwa kwamapheya.
Inzuzo engafanelekiyo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeMemori yeZhegalov yinkimbinkimbi enkulu ebusika, ehambisana nokumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Ezimayini zezinhlobonhlobo, kungenzeka ukukhipha impova ye-pear inkumbulo kaZhegalov. Ukungafani kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kungukuzikhukhumeza (ukungakwazi ukuzitholela impova, isidingo senye uhlobo lokuphuza impova). Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha impova ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, izinhlobo ezifana nePet Yakovleva neMoscow Bergamot zibhekwa njengezingcono kakhulu zazo.
Uyazi? Izimo zezulu ezithandekayo zenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ukuze kutholakale impova.
Izici zokutshala izithombo zama-pear ze-Memory of Zhegalov
Lapho uthenga izithombo, khumbula okulandelayo: 
- Isiqephu ngasinye sezithombo kufanele sibhalwe ngelebuli enegama lezinhlobonhlobo;
- Umcengezi we-seedling akufanele ube nombimbi. Kungcono uma ibushelelezi kuze kuthinte, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ukulimala komshini;
- uhlelo lwempande kufanele luthuthukiswe kahle (izimpande eziyisisekelo ezingu-3-5 ngobude obungenani amasentimitha angu-25);
- Umswakama wokukhanya wezimpande uvunyelwe. Izimpande ezibunjiwe kahle aziphuli ngisho nezinsimbi eziqinile. Yenza ukusika okuncane, futhi uzobona izindwangu ezimhlophe;
- uma izithombo zinezimpande ezivulekile, khona-ke kufanele zibe ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, kanti entwasahlobo, ngefihlekile.
Izinsuku zokufika nokukhethwa kwendawo
Yisiphi isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo? Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezithombo ezinezimpande ezivulekile, ukutshala kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokusahlobo (kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi), kanye nokuwa (kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba - kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba).
Ekubeni, ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla ingcono kakhulu, kanti ukutshala okuphakathi kwekhanda likaZhegalov ekwindla kudala izimo ezinhle zokusinda kwezithombo nokuvuselelwa kwezimpande. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo ezibi kakhulu zasebusika zingalimaza futhi zinciphise izithombo.
Ukutshala entwasahlobo, kanye nokuphuza njalo kunomthelela ekulondolozeni okuhle kwezithombo.
Uma ukhetha isayithi lokutshala, khumbula ukuthi i-pear of Memory of Zhegalov idinga ukukhanya kahle futhi ivikeleke emoyeni. Ngokuvamile noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi lufanelekile kulezi zihlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwesihlabathi, esibekwe emhlabathini kanye nokuqukethwe kasawoti ophakeme. Ngokukhethekile kahle lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula ngama-chernozems ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi kanye nenhlabathi ye-chestnut.
EUma inhlabathi enomsoco iqhubekela phambili kusayithi, kuyadingeka ukuba uqale. Futhi khumbula mayelana nokungavumeleki kokusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha acidic acidic.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba uqale ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi. Kanye nokumba, ama-6-8 kilograms we-compost aziswa. Iphinde ibenze ne-superphosphate engamamitha angu-40-60 kuya kweyodwa imitha yesikwele kanye nosawoti we-potassium ngenani lama-gram angu-20-30, ngokulandelana. I-Pear Memory Zhegalova idinga ukulingana nokucophelela ngokucophelela.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zenkumbulo kaZhegalov, kubalulekile ukumba umgodi ubukhulu obuncane kakhulu kunevolumu yenani lempande yezinsimu. Inhlabathi engaphansi kwezingamamitha amathathu kufanele ibe yilapho ikwazi ukunikeza isitshalo nge-air exchange ephezulu.
Kuthatha okungenani ngesonto ukulungiselela umgodi ukutshala isitshalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi igcinwe ngokugcwele, okusiza ukuvimbela izimpande ekuphuleni ngesikhathi sokutshala nasemuva kwalo.
Isu lokutshala izithombo
Amaphethini okutshala ancike ngokuqondile emandleni ezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhluka okukhulayo okuqinile kwi-stock stock kufakwe ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo: 6-7 x 4-5 amamitha, ukuphakama okuphakathi - 4-5 x 3-4 amamitha. Uma leli peyari lihlanganisiwe ku-quince, khona-ke ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingancishiswa kumamitha ayi-3-4, futhi emgqeni - kuya ku-1.5-2 wamamitha.
Ukutshala izithombo ezilungiselelwe kwenzeka ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obulandelayo:
- engxenyeni eyinhloko yomgodi wokugibela isigxobo esiqhutshwa kuso, lapho umuthi wepere ongakabi namandla nakakhulu uzoboshwa;
- ngesikhathi sokutshala, faka i-pear seedling ngendlela yokuthi intamo yentamo yesitshalo ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi ngamasentimitha angu-5-6;
- emva kokuba izimpande zihlanganiswe nomhlabathi, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze kakhulu. Uma utshale izithombo ezimbalwa, khona-ke ukuchelela kuzodinga amabhakede amathathu wamanzi kwisitshalo ngasinye. Nikeza shading ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokutshala, kanye nokuthungatha umhlabathi embuthanweni we-prestvolnom. I-mulch izobhekana kanjani nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukeneko - i-peat noma i-sawdust. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukusinda nokunciphisa isikhathi sokwenziwa kwesitshalo endaweni entsha.
Kubalulekile! Uma ngemuva kokutshala intamo impande akuyona ibanga lama-5-6 amasentimitha ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi, kunconywa ukutshala kabusha.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinkumbulo Memory Zhegalov
Ukuze i-pear ikhule futhi ikhule kahle, kubalulekile ukuyikhathalela kahle. Khumbula ukuthi izithombo kufanele zibe kahle (kodwa hhayi ezinamandla kakhulu) ziboshwe ekukhoneni. Umbuthano we-Pristvolny udinga ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ukhula nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, okuyiwona umuthi omncane okuyisiphuzo esihle kakhulu. Ukuqapha njalo umswakama womhlabathi, ngoba ukungabi nomswakama kuyingozi futhi kungabangela ukuba imbewu imiswe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokutshala.
Ukunakekela i-pear tree encane kufana nokunakekelwa kwe-sapling.
Ngokuvamile inambuzane efana nesilwane semithi esitshala esihlahleni. Kuye, amagxolo amancane esitshalo akusiyo isithiyo esikhulu ekutholeni ukudla. Uma ama-aphid encane, khona-ke angakuqoqa ngesandla, bese ebhujiswa. Uma ama-aphid egcwele ngokwanele, bese uphatha indawo lapho izinambuzane ziqoqa khona nanoma iyiphi i-agent ye-insecticidal.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeMemori yeZhegalov azivame ukuthinteka yizifo ze-phyto-disease. Nanobe kunjalo, ukuze uvikele futhi uphathe isitshalo, kubalulekile ukwazi izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zezifo kanye nezinto ezilimazayo.
Ngokuvamile isitshalo sithinta ehlukahlukene izinhlobo zeqabunga. I-Bordeaux ingxube ilungele ukulwa nalesi sifo (ukulungiselela kwayo, 300 g we-sulfate yethusi kanye no-400 g we-lime ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Phatha amaqabunga aphakathi kwaleli lungiselelo futhi lesi sifo sizophelelwa yisikhathi.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane zingabonakala kanje:
- sucker kanye ne-weevil. Ukuze ulwe nabo, thatha ama-300 g wezinhlamvu zikagwayi, uthele ama-10 amalitha amanzi bese uhamba izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kokuxazulula ikhambi bese uphefa lesi sitshalo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 nge-interval of days 10;
- izibungu nezinambuzane zamaqabunga. Ukulwa nabo, isidakamizwa esithi "Lepidocide" kufanelekile. Hlukanisa ama-milliliters angu-50 omuthi ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi bese uchitha 2-3 ukwelashwa nge-interval of days 10-14;
- sawfly kanye ne-aphid. Lungiselela i-coniferous decoction, ngenxa yalokhu, thatha ama-kilogremu angu-2 ezinaliti, ugcwalise ngamalitha ayisishiyagalombili amanzi bese ubambelela njalo ngesonto. Emva kokuhlunga isisombululo esilandelayo bese uyilungisa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1/10. Sebenzisa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 nge-interval of days 7;
- imikhaza. Ekulweni nemikhakha efanelekayo 1% isixazululo se-sulfur colloidal. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qeda iphakheji lesidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi. Baphathe ngesitshalo ngokusekelwe kokusetshenziswa kwama-2 amalitha ngamapayipi ayisithupha futhi kuze kube ngu-10 amalitha umuntu ngamunye omdala.
Ukuphuza ikhasi
Uma uphuza amapheya ku-Memory of Zhegalov, khumbula ukuthi umuthi omdala we-pear awufuni ukuthola umswakama. Phakathi nonyaka, ipeyari idinga amanzi amabili noma amane, kodwa esimweni sokuthi inhlabathi inokwemvelo ngokwemvelo.
Esikhathini esomile, kubalulekile ukuphuza leli peyari okungenani kanye ngesonto, kanye nenhlabathi ye-mulch pristvolnuyu ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono umswakama. Ngaphambi kokwenza umquba, hlola inhlabathi ngokucophelela.
Zama ukwenza i-weeding enjalo emva kokunisela okunye ukuvimbela ukwakheka komhlaba. Ukwehla okunjalo kuyingozi ngoba kuvimbela ukutholakala kwesisindo somswakama okwanele kanye ne-oxygen ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
Umanyolo
Umuthi we-pear udinga ukunakekelwa, okuzoqinisekisa ukuhlala kwawo okuhle nokukhula okusebenzayo ngisho nangonyaka wokuqala wonyaka okhulayo.
Ukufakela umquba kufanele kube yinkambiso evamile kanye nokuphuza nokukhulula inhlabathi.
Umanyolo ungaqaliswa ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula komuthi. Imvula kanye nekwindla kungcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo, kepha ukusondla ngezikhathi ezithile kungenziwa ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Ukuze ukondle kangcono umquba, yenza umsele nxazonke. Ubude bomsele onjalo buxhomeke ngokuqondile kumanyolo omanyolo osetshenzisiwe. Ngakho, ku-1 isikwele. Umhlabathi ngokwesilinganiso kufanele ulandele cishe ama-9 kg we-humus, 25 g we-potassium chloride no-15 g we-urea. Thela ama-fertilizer amaminerali ahlanganiswe nomhlaba kulo msele bese umquba womanyolo.
Kubalulekile! Zonke umquba zihlukaniswe zibe ngamaminerali futhi eziphilayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo nokuhambisana nemvamisa yesicelo kuyoba yisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwesitshalo. Uma usebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali kuphela kunengozi yokucutshungulwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi. Umanyolo we-Organic usetshenziselwa kanye kuphela eminyakeni emibili, enganele ngokwanele ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukugwema ukuguqula isondlo esiseduzane nesitshalo.
Inhlabathi kumele ihlanzeke futhi ifakwe kahle. Yimbumbulu evikela ngokuqinile izimpande zesitshalo ekumeni, futhi ivimbela ukubukeka kokhula oluhlukahlukene futhi igcine izinga elimnandi lomswakama.
Futhi, i-mulch iyinhlobo "yomcamelo", okunciphisa umphumela wokushisa kwezinga lokushisa esitshalweni.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-mulch iba amaqabunga awile, amagatsha amancane kanye nezinsalela ezifile ezitshalo. Ukuze wenze amaphilisi amaningi, kukhona izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ukumboza inhlabathi eseduze eduze nefilimu emnyama noma ngezinto ezikhethekile zokumboza;
- Fafaza inhlabathi ngezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo ezifana ne-peat, sawdust, njll;
- ukumboza inhlabathi ngendwangu yomquba.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokusika izihlahla
Ukusika izikhonkwane kwenziwa ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala. Ukusika izihlahla ngokufaneleko kukuvumela ukuthi udale umqhele ukuze umuthi uzonike amandla onke ekuvuthweni kwezithelo, hhayi ngenxa yokukhula kwamagatsha angadingekile.
Ukusika izikhonkwane akunconywa usuku olulodwa, njengoba lokhu kuzokwenzela kuphela ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amasha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusika izihlahla, okwenziwa ngosuku olulodwa, kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi eminyakeni embalwa amahlumela ayoba ngaphezulu kunomqhele wesihlahla. 
Inqubo efanele yokusika izikebhe iqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu:
- ukunciphisa ukwakha, ukuvumela ukuba udale umqhele oqondile;
- ihlanzekile - yenziwa ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siqale isikhathi esizayo futhi sihlanganisa nokususwa kwamagatsha omisiwe nesithintekile;
- ukusekela - ukusika okuyinhloko, okwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuya ku-Ephreli wokuqala. Uma kunqunywe izingxenye zamagatsha amakhulu, ngakho-ke azigcini ngokweqile ngezithelo.
Kubalulekile! I-sapling kumele ihlungwe ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, ukukhomba amagatsha omzimba, nokudala umqhele wesikhathi esizayo iminyaka eminingana. Le ndlela izokusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwepeyari.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa nokugcina isitshalo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeMemori yeZhegalov sekwephuzile ekwindla, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwayo sigcwele eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba. Ukuvuna amapheya ekukhumbuzeni iZhegalov kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, ngoba izithelo ezivuthiwe kuphela zibekezelela impilo ende.
Kuyiphutha ukuphetha ngokuthi izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear zingavuthwa ngemuva kokuthi zisusiwe emthini.
Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngokuphambene nalokho - izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear ezivuthiwe zinomphefumulo obhekene neshalofu.
Amakhekhe ajwayelekile ngokhuni afanelekile ukugcina izithelo. Beka amapheya kuwo ngamacwecwe angu-2-3 bese ufafaza ngezinkuni ezinhle zokhuni. Iphepha lingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokupakisha. Ukukhiqizwa kwepeyari ekukhunjweni kweZhegalov kungaba ngu-40 kilogram ngomuthi omdala.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeMemori yeZhegalov zizoba yisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo, kanye nalabo abafuna isihlahla esingaguli ngenxa yezifo. Ngenxa yokulondolozwa kahle kwesithelo, ungakwazi ukuwajabulela kalula phakathi nobusika, lapho abanye bengaphupha kuphela ngakho.
