Igama "stratification" ngezinye izikhathi lishaya kuphela umsindo walo, lizwakala kakhulu ngokwesayense. Kodwa-ke, zonke izakhamuzi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho nezibi kakhulu ehlobo, umlimi wensimu noma umlimi wezitshalo ngokushesha uzobhekana nale nqubo ngokusebenza. Ake sibone ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlunga kwembewu nendlela yokuyiqhuba kahle.
Uyazi? I-stratification yegama ivela emazwini amabili aseLatini stratum - flooring and facere - ukwenza. Isikhathi sokuqala sisetshenzisiwe ngo-1664 encwadini kaSilva "Khuluma ngezihlahla zehlathi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwawo kokungena".
Ukuqiniswa - yikuphi, noma yikuphi ukucabangela?
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi konke okusemvelo kukhishwa ngokuhlakanipha futhi akukho lutho olwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu nezidingo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ezitshalweni eziningi, imbewu evuthiwe iyawela emhlabathini uma isenamandla okuhluma.
Uma amahlumela avela kubo ngokushesha, bebengeke basinda ezimweni zobusika. Futhi ukuze imbewu ingabulali ama-frosts, ahlanganiswe negobolondo elimnyama elibavikela emakhazeni, naseqhweni, nasuka kumswakama ngokweqile.
Kodwa, ngaphandle kwegobolondo, kukhona futhi ukuvikela izakhi zofuzo - imbewu ihlelwa ukuze ingahluma ize ilale isikhathi esithile ekushiseni okuphansi, cishe ama-degrees angu-0, endaweni engumumanzi kanye nokufinyelela emoyeni. Yilezi zimo ezidingekayo ezinkambisweni zomzimba zokulungiselela imbewu yokuhluma.
Ngesikhathi esesimweni sokuphumula, aqukethe amakhemikhali akhethekile avimbela ukuba bangahlume - ukukhula kwama-inhibitors. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo nokuqala kokushisa, ijazi lembewu liba lula, isikhathi sabo sokuphumula siphelile. Ama-inhibitors okukhula akhuphuka kancane kancane, futhi ashintshwa ngabagqugquzeli bokukhula okuthuthukile. I-germ iqala ukukhula, kanti imbewu ihluma emhlabathini.
Manje unomqondo mayelana nendlela yokwenziwa kwemvelo kwemvelo, mayelana nokuthi kuyini nokuthi kungani kwenzeka. Okulandelayo, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokufeza le nqubo ngokuhlakanipha, ekhaya.
Phela, uma umuntu efuna ukufeza ukuze asakaze isitshalo ngenqubo yembewu, udinga ukudala izimo zokuhluma imbewu, njengemvelo, eyenzeka ebusika nasentwasahlobo.
Uma sinikeza incazelo ecacile yokuklanywa, yilokhu igama lenqubo yemvelo yokuguqula imbewu kusuka esimweni sokuphumula esimweni sokukhula nentuthuko ngaphansi kwethonya lemithonya yangaphandle yemvelo. Ekuqalisweni kokufakelwa - Lokhu kuyilungiselelo lokuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukuhluma nokuhluma ngesikhatsi esinqunyiwe. Eqinisweni, kulandelwa izimo ezithile zemvelo ukuze kususwe imbewu ezweni lokuphumula nokuzilungiselela isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Ukuze uchaze indlela yokuhlunga imbewu, nokuthi yikuphi okujwayelekile ngezimo ezijwayelekile ze-dacha noma igumbi, kubalulekile ukucacisa: ngenqubo yokuhluma imbewu, izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ziyadingeka - izimo zokushisa ezihle, indawo enomanzi nokufinyelela kwe-oxygen.
Uma imbewu ibekwe ezimweni ezinjalo, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukugqoka kwabo okunamandla kunciphisa, ukuphahlaza kanye nama-mucus, nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali zenzeka kule mbewu ngokwalo, okuholela ekukhuleni kombungu kanye nokusesha kwabo ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni nasekudleni.
Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ezinconyweni zokukhula nokukhiqiza kwezitshalo eziningi besebenzisa indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, eqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi amahlumela akhuphuke ndawonye ngesikhathi esifanele lapho kudingwa khona ukutshala emhlabathini.
Izinhlobo zokuqamba
Ngokwezindlela zokuqasha, kunezinhlobo ezine:
- kubanda
- efudumele
- kuhlangene;
- wahamba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuqasha ngokulandela ukusebenza kwayo:
- ekwindla;
- ubusika;
- entwasahlobo.
Ngaphambi nje koNyaka Omusha, kwenziwa izinhlanzi zembewu, okudingeka zichithe ngesonto elilodwa emfudumeni nasemasontweni ayisithupha emakhazeni okuhluma. Lezi zihlanganisa izitshalo zokuhlobisa nezokungaphakathi - isibonelo, iris, lavender, violets, clematis, njll.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bahlwanyela imbewu edingayo isikhathi esifushane sokupholisa - ngelinye ilanga ekushiseni, elilodwa noma amabili emasontweni. Le nqubo isebenza ezinsukwini zokuphila ezidlulayo - i-delphinium, i-primrose, i-aquilegia, njll.
Yiziphi imbewu ezidinga ukuklanywa
Ngokuyinhloko, i-stratification isetshenziselwa imbewu enzima ukuhluma, isibonelo, izitshalo, izitshalo, izimbali.
Kubalulekile! Akuzona zonke izitshalo ezitshalayo ezidinga indlela yokuqamba. Isibonelo, akudingi izitshalo ezikhula ezimweni zemvelo ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezindaweni lapho kungekho ubusika obubandayo. Imikhuba enesikhathi esifushane sokuphumula (utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, pepper, ithanga, njll) ayidingi noma.Omunye angakwazi ukuhlukanisa imbewu yezitshalo ezithile ngaphambi kokutshala zingatholakala ezitokisini ezikhethekile, izincwadi zokubhekisela zezitshalo, kanye nolwazi oluthile lwelebula lokufaka impahla.
Isikhathi esingakanani sokuqothula imbewu siyoxhomeka kuhlobo lwesitshalo. Ngamunye wabo unezikhathi ezahlukene zokuphumula kanye nezimila. Ngakho-ke, izinkathi zokuqhafaza ngayinye zizoba ezikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokwelapha zodwa zizodinga ukulala emakhazeni nasezinyangeni ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezine, ezinye zizanele ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15. 
Uyazi? Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokuqothula izitshalo eziningi sithatha ezinyangeni ezilodwa kuya kweziyisithupha. Izikhathi ezingapheli zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.
Indlela yokulungisa imbewu yokucubungula
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele ngqo ku-stratification yembewu, kuyadingeka ukuyikhipha ngama-disinfection ngokuwafaka isikhashana sehora kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (0.5%). Okulandelayo, kumele bahlanzwe, bahlanzwe futhi bagwetshwe. Bahlanza ngendlela evamile emanzini ekushiseni kwekamelo. Sula emathisheni athambile, ungathinti igobolondo elinzima.
Kwabe sekufakwe amahora angu-6-12 emanzini abandayo. Lokhu kuzovumela imbewu ukuba ithole umswakama okwanele ukuvuselela izinqubo zangaphakathi zamakhemikhali nokusheshisa inqubo yokucubungula ngokwayo. Ezinye imbewu zidinga ukungena emanzini afudumele (15-20 ° C) ngaphambi kokuvuvukala. Ngemuva kokumisa imbewu yomile.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu eyomile kuphela efanelekile ukuklanywa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lomswakama, bangase baqale inqubo yokubola..
Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa i-substrate yokuqamba. Kufanelekile ukugcina imbewu isihlabathi, i-peat, i-sphagnum moss, i-vermiculite; ingxube ye-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1). Ngenombolo yayo kufanele ibe kathathu ngaphezu kwembewu ngokwazo. 
Isimo esibalulekile siyobe singasebenzi nge-substrate - Kumele kube ngaphansi kwamazinga aphezulu okushisa ukubulala izilokazane nezifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni. Yenza kube lula ngokubeka inhlabathi kuhhavini ngehora elilodwa ekushiseni kwe-100-120 ° C noma emaminithini angu-10 kumandla angaphezu kwe-microwave. Ukuthengwa kokushisa komhlabathi akudingekile.
Imbewu evuvukalayo ifakwe ku-substrate. Bangakwazi ukulala nje enhlabathini bese baxuba. Noma, uma zikhulu, usatshalalise ngokufanayo emgqeni owodwa wenhlabathi, bese uwamboza ngesinye isendlalelo. Kungase kube nezinhlaka eziningana ezinjalo.
I-substrate ifakwe emanzini kuze kube yilapho amanzi eqala ukuphuma kuwo. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukulinda kancane ukuze inhlabathi iphele, imanzi, kodwa ayimanzi. Manje singakwazi ukuqhubeka ngqo kwinkqubo yokuqamba.
Ukutshala Inqubo Yokuqinisa
Kunezindlela eziningana zokubeka imbewu yokukhishwa. Elula kubo - Ukuqothulwa kwembewu okufakelwayo kuqhutshwa esiqandisini, phansi noma kwenye igumbi elibandayo. Uma usebenzisa i-friji, ungabeka i-substrate ngezinhlamvu ezimbizeni, izimbiza ezimbozwe nge-foil, noma nje emasakeni epulasitiki - ukulondoloza isikhala.
Amathangi agcinwe eshalofini elingezansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi usayine igama lesitshalo kanye nosuku lokubekwa kwe-stratification. Futhi ku-ifilimu, qiniseka ukuthi wenza izimbobo zokuthola umoya.
Kungenzeka ukubeka imbewu emasakeni esikhwameni sepulasitiki, bese ungena emgodini bese ungcwaba isikhathi sasebusika, ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa ligcwale, lingene emhlabathini. Lapho kuqala ukushisa badluliselwa esiqandisini.
Isimo se-substrate nembewu kufanele ihlolwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela i-substrate ekumeni. Kunconywa ukuyihambisa njalo ngezikhathi ezincibilikisiwe amanzi. Imbewu enesici kumele isuswe ngokushesha.
Ukwehliswa kwamakhaza
Ukushisa okunamandla kokuqhaqhaza okubandayo kuba + 4 ... +5 ° ะก. Umswakama kufanele ube sezingeni lika-65-75%. 
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa izitshalo ezingapheli ezikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ngenkathi efudumele nebandayo, kanti inkathi yabo ekhulayo iphela ekuwa. Lezi izithelo zamatshe, imbewu yamapome, imifino, imifino nezinye izitshalo.
Ukwehliswa okufudumele
Ngokunciphisa okufudumayo, imbewu yesikhathi esifushane ibonakala ekushiseni kwe-18 ... +22 ° C kanye nomswakama ka-70%.
Ngokuvamile, le ndlela isetshenziselwa izitshalo zemifino. Isibonelo, imbewu ka-utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ama-eggplants kanye nepelepele ingafakwa izinsuku ezinye noma ezimbili emanzini afudumele bese efakwa ekamelweni elifudumele.
Ezinye imbewu zizodinga ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangene, okwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili ngethonya lokushisa okuguquguqukayo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe, imbewu ibeka kuqala isikhathi esithile (kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-1 kuya kweziyisikhombisa) ekamelweni elifudumele elinokushisa kwama-20 ... +25 ° C. Futhi-ke, ngemva kokuvuvukala, zifakwa endaweni ebandayo (0-5 ° C).
Lezi zinhlobo zisetshenziselwa izitshalo, okuyimfuneko yokuhluma okuyikuguquka kwezikhathi zonyaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, yew, hawthorn, viburnum, apricot, iplamu, njll.
Endabeni yokwehliswa kwesinyathelo esincane, imijikelezo eminingana yenziwa ngokushintsha kwamazinga okushisa aphansi nalawo aphezulu. Ngemuva kokuklanywa, imbewu isilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ebhodweni.
Kungenzeka yini ukuba ungayinaki imbewu futhi ukuthi isongela kanjani isivuno
Impendulo elula yalo mbuzo iyoba yinto eyaziwayo: "Ngeke uhambisane nemvelo." Uma imbewu ingekho ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, khona-ke iyoba nezinambuzane eziningi zokukhula, ezingeke zinike ithuba lokuhluma. Kulesi simo, inqubo yokuhluma yabo ingabambezeleka isikhathi eside - ingakhuphuka emva kweminyaka eyodwa noma emibili, bese ihlinzekela ukuthi ayifani ngalesi sikhathi.
Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu kusebenza ngokuyinhloko kulezo zitshalo ezivame ukukhula ezimweni zezulu ngeshintsho emibusweni yokushisa nemiswakama. Lezo zindawo lapho lezi zimo zizinzile azidingi imizamo eyengeziwe yokuhlwanyela imbewu, ingaba yande kulo nyaka.
Uma unesithakazelo kulo mbuzo, yiziphi izinhlobo zezimbali ezidingekayo ukuba zigcinwe ngesisekelo esiyimfuneko, khona-ke nakanjani yizona zonke izikhathi zokuphila. I-bell igaxa kanye ne-buttercups (i-anemone, i-clematis, i-peony), i-barberry, i-honeysuckle, i-primrose, i-magonia, i-lilac, i-host, i-cornflower, i-clove, i-dolphinarium, njll. 
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili ekusakazweni kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlunga imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi nobude bale nqubo yalesi siko.Ngakho-ke, ukuqaliswa kokuhlunga imbewu ekhaya akulula. Ukwazi imithetho yayo eyisisekelo kanye nezinkomba eziphakanyisiwe, le nqubo ingenziwa ngisho nomshayeli wezimbali noma umhlali wehlobo.
