Umgcinimafa wempilo nokuzuza - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-currant "ama-Belarusian sweet"

Le shrub iberry ingatholakala engadini ngephunga elithile ("currant" - eRussia endala).

Ngakho simbiza ngamakhulu eminyaka i-currants, ukuhlukanisa umbala wezithelo ezimnyama, obomvu negolide.

Umnyama sikhetha: ngokusho kokusabalalisa okujwayelekile, izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zamajikijolo, impahla yokuphulukisa yezinhlobo zonke zokuziphatha ezihlahleni.

Asiyeki ukukhipha amajikijolo ezitshalweni zasendle, kodwa ikakhulukazi sihlonipha ama-berries amaningi.

Isizinda sokuzalanisa nokulandelana komlando

Uhlobo lwemvelo lwe-currant emnyama yizo zonke amazwekazi aseNyakatho Hemisphere. Endaweni ethile i-currant imelwe yizinhlobo ezilodwa kuphela, njengaseYurophu, futhi kwenye indawo yazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezingu-149. Ezicebile kakhulu ezihlukahlukene amajikijolo zasendle - Siberia, East East naseNyakatho Melika.

Umsebenzi omkhulu indoda eyayizibophezele ekutshalweni kwe-black currant kusukela ngekhulu le-16 yayithola izithelo ezinkulu kunezinhlobo zemvelo futhi inikeza izinhlobo ezintsha zempilo-ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.

Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezitshalayo futhi kuze kube yilolu suku zihileleke ngenkuthalo ekuhambeni, ngokunikeza izimfanelo eziyingqayizivele njenge "Belarusian Sweet".

Ekudalweni kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, ababelethi be-National Institute of Studies Critical of Belarus basebenzisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuwela kwe-interspecific.

Bathatha amafomu hybrid base 2-4D noma 2-6D, esizukulwaneni lapho ubuhlobo bezinhlobo ezidumile zaseYurophu nezinsizakalo ezikhethiwe ezivela eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude zithintekile.

Iminyaka eyi-10 ukuhlolwa kwe-varietal ye-hybrid ukuze ungene kwiRejista kaHulumeni ngo-1979 njengoba kunconywa ukulima ezindaweni eziyi-10 ze-Russian Federation.

Namuhla, ibanga eliqinisekisiwe, elithembekile "I-Belarusian sweet" - isitshalo esibalulekile esibhedlela emafesheni asezimbonini nasezindaweni ezizimele zezindawo ezingama-45 zaseRussia. Iyaziwa njengezinhlobonhlobo eziholela kulezi zinhlobo ze-Non-chernozem zone.

Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezifana neBagheera, Gulliver, Venus, Dachnitsa, Valovaya neDobrynya zivame ukutholakala emasimini ale ndawo.

Amajikijolo angu-20 black currant ekudleni kwansuku zonke - isilinganiso nsuku zonke umzimba wethu e-ascorbic acid.

Isithombe

Incazelo ye-Belarusian Sweet currant ehlukahlukene

I-currant emnyama "Incazelo ye-Belarusian sweet". Kuyinto isixhumanisi esiqondile esilandelayo, isitshalo esinqabile, isitshalo. Emvelo, ikhetha amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, izigodi zemifula kanye nemithambeka yezintaba. Ukukhula yedwa noma emiphakathini.

Eqinisweni, le mikhuba efanayo nayo iyimfanelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene. "I-Belarusian sweet":

• uyakuthanda ukukhanya, kodwa akahloni ku-penumbra;
• ikhetha inhlabathi evundile evundile, kodwa ikhula kahle ngokuhamba;
• besaba izinguquko zokushisa endaweni yesimila futhi asibekezeli amanzi.

Emthunzini, lesi sitshalo singamisa imfucuza, futhi eduze nendawo ye-sedge pick up cup rust.

1. Shrub ngokusho kokuphakama, kuthiwa kubangelwa amandla (kufika ku-1.2 m), ngokusabalalisa amahlumela - ukusakazeka okuphakathi (kuze kufike ku-1, 2 m).

   Ifomu linomjikelezo, lakha isakhiwo esinamandla samahlathi nge amahlumela aqondile.

   Ikhula minyaka yonke kusukela esisekelo kanye namahlumela amasha, okuyinto ngonyaka esivele iqala ukushayela, futhi emva kweminyaka emithathu - izithelo.

   Bakha ama-squelet of the bush, okuyinto emva kweminyaka engu-8 elahlekelwa umkhiqizo wayo wangaphambili. Amahlumela ama-numb ayaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti isitshalo esidala, esifike eminyakeni engu-15 ubudala, sithathwa indawo entsha.

2. Uhlelo lomsuka itholakale engxenyeni engamamitha angu-30 emhlabathini, kodwa isitshalo somdala singanikeza izimpande ezinamandla phansi (kufika ku-2 m). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile lapho utshalwa ukucabangela ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
3. I-Currant Shoots emelelwe izinhlobo ezingu-4 (ezixutshwe, izithelo, izimbali, ikhola). Zibuye zifani nombala: ezinye zazo zinemibala ye-anthocyaonic - ebangeni lobubala obomvu obugcwele obomvu, obuncike emvelweni we-acidic.

   Ubuningi obuphakathi - grey, kancane pubescent. Ihlumela ngalinye elisha linemikhakha engu-3 yokukhula kanye nezindawo ezimbili eziphezulu (friiting).

4. Izinso ngokwemisebenzi aboniswayo: ukulala, ukukhula kanye nezimbali. Emahlumela ahlukene, amaqabunga ahlukahluka kumbala, usayizi nokuma. Ukuhluma okukhulayo kunika ukukhula okuphansi, izimbali - izithelo. Ababuthongo - balinde emaphikweni, uma kwenzeka izimo ezimbi kakhulu zesitshalo.
5. Amahlamvu - okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okuncane nokukhanyisa emaphethelweni amagatsha) banesakhiwo se-3-blade ene-lobe enamandla phakathi. Ubuso bepuleti leshidi liwubuhlungu obunzima, obunamathele, obunama-wavy ngamazinyo. I-Scape - obomvu-obomvu, obude.
6. Izimbali - ezithandekayo, ezithinta isilinganiso sobukhulu be-stamens kanye nekholomu. Umbala uphelile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali zinemihlobiso encane, enezikhala ezinhlanu zama-oval, zihlangene ebhulashini, lapho kungavulwa khona izimbali kanye namafihlethi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izimbali azenzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngokulandelana: kusuka kwesisekelo kuze kube sekugcineni kwebhashi.
7. Ibhulashieyakhiwe ngenqubo yokuzimbali, ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwe-ovary ithola ubungako obufika ku-7 cm (ama-berries amathathu kuya ku-3-6). Ukuvuna amajikijolo kufana nokugqwala, njalo. Ukubhoboza okuxekethile, okulenga, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe kumaqoqo.
8. Berry - ezungeziwe, ezimnandi, ezingalinganiswanga, ngezigaba ezahlukene zokushintsha umbala kusuka obala kuya obomvu nobumnyama obomvu; isikhumba siphundukile, esinyene sinamabala - kusuka eqenjini le-flavanoids; ibhere ngalinye lilinganisa i-1.6 amagremu. kuze kufike ku-37 imbewu.

   Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-vitamin "C" kunika izithelo isinambithe esicebile esimuncu. Ukuqothula izithelo kuholela ekuchitheni kwabo.

9. Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo - kufika ku-5 kg ​​ukusuka esihlahleni noma 12 t / ha (ekukhiqizeni izimboni). Ukukhiqizwa kukhula ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-4-5, kulandelwa ukuzinza (kuze kube ngu-12).

   Umkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu wehlathi ukhonjiswe eminyakeni engu-6-8 ubudala. Ngisho nezimo ezingalungile phakathi nesigaba sesibhakabhaka asithinti isivuno.

Njengoba kwakushiwo, ukunambitheka kwalesi currant kuhle, okwenza kube lula ukwenza ujamu omuhle kuwo, isibonelo, ngokuhambisana nezinhlobo ze-apula zasehlobo: i-Yellow Sugar, i-Korobovka, i-Red Hill, i-Papirovka, i-Dachny.

Ukuvuthwa okungekho ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamajikijolo ku-shayela kubangela ubukhulu obuhlukile besithelo, okuthinta isethulo. Izinhlobonhlobo zibuthakathaka kalula ezilwaneni zesipore.

Okuyinhloko kufanelekile Ama-Belarusian black currant izinhlobo:

• ukuqala ukungena esikhathini se-fruiting (ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwesithombo);
• ikhono lokuzivocavoca ngokusebenza kahle kuze kube ngu-72%;
• inqwaba ye-fruiting yaminyaka yonke;
• ukuvuthwa kokuqala (phakathi no-Julayi);
• izinga elihle kakhulu labathengi;
• ukusetshenziswa jikelele;
• ubusika obunzima;
• ukumelana nezifo zebhaktheriya nokulimala komkhawulo;
• ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo ngokuhlanganiswa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo

Njengoba i-Belarusian Sweet iyinhlobonhlobo ehlukahlukene, ingasetshenziswa kanje:

• ngezinhloso zokwelapha, emalungiselelweni amaningi (amajikijolo, amaqabunga, amaqabunga) kanye namafutha anqabela ukuvuvukala, ngokusekelwe ku-gamma-linolenic acid equkethe imbewu;
• ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, njengengxenye ye-landscape design;
• njengendlela yokukhiqiza uju (30kg / ha);
• njenge-flavouring (itiye, i-kvass, i-sauces) ne-spice ye-pickling;
• njengesithako sokudla okudlayo (i-glucose-ehlisa isaladi);
• njengezinto eziwusizo zokukhiqiza iziphuzo kanye ne-confectionery: ama-juice, ama-compotes, ama-syrups, ama-kissels, ama-tinctures, amawayini, ama-liqueurs, i-yogurt, ama-jams, ama-jams, ama-jellies, ama-pastila, ukugcwaliswa kwama-pie namaswidi;
• njengomkhiqizo wokushisa okusheshayo nokulondoloza ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo aphilayo.

I-currant ebomvu igcina yonke impahla yayo ewusizo hhayi nje kuphela ekuqhumeni, kodwa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucubungula okwenziwe ekhaya.

Kuhamba kahle nge-currants obomvu, isibonelo ngezinhlobo: Andreichenko, Natalie, Jam, Beloved.

Ukunakekela

Okudingayo ukwazi "I-Belarusian sweet" ukukhula nokuthela izithelo engadini yakho.

1. Ukukhetha indawo efanele:
   • ivaliwe yimimoya eqinile;
   • ngokukhanyisa okwanele;
   • ivikelwe emanzini asehlobo lwamanzi ngesikhathi seqhwa;
   • isusiwe emanzini angaphansi komhlaba;
   • inhlabathi ye-acidity ayikho ngaphezu kwe-pH7.
2. Ukufika kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba, ukugwema ukudluliselwa okulandelayo.
3. Indalo ekutshalweni okuhlanganyelwe kwemibandela yokuqondisa (phakathi kwezihlukahlukene) nokuwela (nezinye izinhlobo) impova. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele lihlale okungenani ngamamitha ayi-1.5.
4. Ukuvuselela njalo isihlahla ngaphandle kwamahlumela asetshenziswayo, ekuqaleni kwakuhlwanyelwe emhlabathini ngecala lika 45 ° ukuze amahlumela okukhula afike lapho ajika khona.
5. Ngesihlahla sokusika izihlahla kungasiza kakhulu ekutshaleni isitshalo emva kokubusika, kushiya amahlumela ama-10-12 eminyaka ehlukene.
6. Ukuphuza njalo - amalitha ayishumi ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
7. Ukukhululeka kufanele kulandele ukuchelela.
8. Ukulimala kubuye kuhambisane namakhasimende.
9. Izikhathi ezingu-2 nge-currants zonyaka zikhethwa ngokuphefumula ngesisombululo se-sulphate yethusi.
10. Ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika, udinga ukususa wonke amaqabunga owomile kanye nentambo eqinile ukuze ususe ehlathini engxenyeni ye-basal.

Ezingqungqutheleni ezinzima kakhulu, phakathi nobusika kunconywa manzi isitshalo kanye nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo ngamanzi abilayo. Ukwelashwa okunjalo ukucindezela ukwandisa ukugcwele kwebhashishi nobukhulu bamajikijolo.

Mayelana nezifo, sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezifo ezivame kakhulu zezitshalo ze-horticultural ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezinemininingwane eminingi kwiwebhusayithi yethu ezilotshiwe: i-anthracnose, i-chlorosis, i-bacteriosis, i-oidium ne-mildew, kanye ne-//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha .html, ukugqwala, ukushisa amabhaktheriya nomdlavuza webhaktheriya, rubella.

Izinhlobo ze-currant ezimnyama "ama-Belarusian sweet" - ingcebo yempilo kanye nezinzuzo esitshalweni esisodwa. Hlwanyela ngokulandelana - win in isivuno.