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Ikhethelo elihle lokuzalwa kwangasese noma kwepulazi "Simmental"

Ukufana kwangaphandle kweProrusrus yaseRussia kusukela ezindabeni zomuntu kuya kumuntu oqothulwa emhlambini womlimi wase-Austria noma waseBelgium kuchazwa ukuthi okhokho bomdabu odumile eRussia naseYurophu badla emadlelweni anomsindo amaSwitzerland Alps.

Umsuka wohlobo

Igama lomkhiqizo "Uhlobo lwe-Simmental" lusezinkomo kuphela ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinezimpondo ezinkulu ezivela e-Bernese Oberland.

Izici ezizalisayo zohlobo zazivela emfuyweni yezinkomo zaseGothic ngenxa yeminyaka eminyaka yokuwela kwe-interspecific nokukhethwa kwemvelo.

Inqubo yokukhetha ye-Steel kufanelekile okwamanje okufana nezimo ezikhona kanye nesibonakaliso sohlobo:

  • okuncane, ngokweqile nemilenze emifushane;
  • ukukhiqizwa ubisi (60%);
  • ikhono lokuzivumelanisa;
  • ubumnandi obukhulu;
  • impilo enamandla, ukumelana nezifo.

Ukuzalwa kuhlanganiswe ezindaweni ezingu-84 zendawo futhi yenze ingxenye yesine yemfuyo yezinkomo ezichithe ezincwadini zokubhalisa.

Loluhlobo lwezinkomo lwafika ezweni lakithi emakhulwini eminyaka eminyaka adlule ngokusebenzisa amapulazi "asethuthukile" asetshala lolu hlobo emadolobheni aseTula, eSmolensk naseVoronezh. Izinkomo ze-Simmental zaba yisisekelo sokukhiqiza umsebenzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yobisi ekhiqiza kakhulu.

Usizo: Izifuyo emhlabeni wonke zimelelwa izinhlanga ezimbili namashumi amahlanu, okuyizinhlobo ezintathu zezigaba ezidalwe ngazo. Izinkomo ze-Simmental yizona zokuqala eziyisikhombisa ezinhlobonhlobo zenyama kanye nezinkomba zobisi.

Izici

  1. Ukuhlola okubukwayo kwezici zezinhlobo njalo kuqala nge-suit. Isikhumba se-Simmental sinzimaNgokuvamile umbala wezintambo ezine-pink tints, ezindaweni eziningi ezimhlophe. Ngaphansi kancane, izinkomo zinezinhlangothi ezibomvu-motley. Ichaza umbala:
    • indawo yezulu yokulima;
    • izimo zokugcina nokondla;
    • ukuhlanzeka.
  2. Ikhanda likhulu, elibanzi, entanyeni elide (ubude obuphakathi) entanyeni; ngezimpondo ezikhanyayo ezibukhali (izifanekiselo zanamuhla, ngisho nezinkunzi, ngokuvamile - ezingenalutho); esibukwa ngesibuko esimhlophe noma esibomvu;
  3. Umzimba unzima, kodwa ulingana, emathanjeni aqinile; nge amabele ajulile kepha avulekile (izinkunzi zine-dewlap). Ukuphakama kwezinkomo (lapho kuphelile) kungu-1.35, izinkunzi zingamamitha ayi-10 ubude;
  4. I-croup evulekile neyomisipha ihlala ngokuthembekile emilenzeni eqondile, emifushane. Isici sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo "yi-elephantiness" yezingalo ezinamazinyane;
  5. Umkhumbi wenkomo ukhulu, ukuma kwe-cylindrical, ngokungafani okubonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni phambili nangemuva; izingono zide, zibanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa: Umkhiqizo okwenziwa eSwitzerland kusukela ebisini lwezinkomo ze-Simmental uye wathola isimo se-brand njenge-Emmental ushizi. Umjikelezo wakhe ulinganisa u-75 kg, noma ngisho no-130. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko se-Swiss fondue.

Isithombe

Isithombe "Simmental" izinkomo:




Ukukhiqiza

Lezi zinkomo ziqondisa inyama yazo kanye nenhloso yobisi ngenzuzo - 100%:

  • ubukhulu besilwane esikhulile - kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-700 kg; izinkunzi zamathole ezilwane, ezikhulekele ukuhlatshwa, zilinganiselwa ku-350 kg, izinkomo - zingaphansi kuka-50 kg; Ukuqeda amandla kuphumelela kulo lonke ukuphila; I-cow muscle tissue inezingxenye ezincane zamafutha ngemuva, noma kunjalo, isivuno sempilo ehlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo wamathambo kuncane;
  • kanye nokwaziswa kwezimbuzi, umkhiqizo ophezulu we-5-6 lactation ukwandisa ama-3-6 amalitha (amarekhodi alotshiwe: 10-12 amalitha ayizinkulungwane ngonyaka); ukuzinza ubisi okukhiqiza ku-2-3 ukukhishwa okungashadile kuhlala kuze kube yilapho Uneminyaka engu-14 ubudala;
  • Ubisi lwe-Simmental unomuthi ophezulu we-fat (3,7-4,2%), ngenkathi egcina ukunambitheka okumnandi;
    • Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezimbuzi zobisi, njenge: Kholomogorskaya, Yaroslavl, Jersey, Ayshirskaya, Red Steppe.
  • Ukuguqulwa okungahleliwe kokukhethekile (ubisi kuya ekudleni) kungaba yizizathu eziyinhloso: ukubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, ukukhubazeka kwesibalo, ukulimala;
  • inqubo yokuzala ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala ngokocansi (ezinkukhu ezinyangeni ezingu-8, ezinkomeni ezivela eminyakeni eyi-1.5);
  • ukukhulelwa - ukudlula ngaphandle kwezinkinga, izinsana zilungele ukuhamba ngemva komama;
  • Okunye ukukhulelwa kwenkomo kungase kwenzeke amasonto ambalwa emva kokukhipha;
  • I-calving yokuqala iwela Inyanga engu-31 yokuphila;

  • ukuze balondoloze izibonakaliso zohlobo, basebenzisa izinkunzi-abakhiqizi bemfuyo yabo kanye nabakhiqizi bokuzalanisa ukukhethwa kwe-Austria;
  • izilwane azizithobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa, ukondla, zivumelanise kahle nokudla okusha, izimo zezulu zanoma iyiphi inkululeko;
  • Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo ludinga ukudla okunomsoco, okunomsoco wokugcina ukukhiqizwa;
  • ngokuba yisisindo somthethosisekelo, ngisho nezinkunzi ze-Simmental ziziphatha ngokuthula, zibonisa ubumnandi obukhulu.
Kubalulekile: Ekuzaleni izilinganiso ezingenakuqiniseka ukuthi isizukulwane esilandelayo sizovela ngaphandle kweziphambeko ngaphandle. Izinhlamvu ezingenayo ilahlekelwa izibonakaliso zohlobo ngegazi ezingaphansi kwama-50%.

Imodi yokunakekela nokudla

Imithetho yokunakekela izinkomo ihlanganisa:

  1. Izimfuneko zokugcina izinkomo:
    • igumbi lokufudumala (t◦ = 4◦ kuya ku-20◦С) ngaphandle kwemifantu nemidwebo;
    • ukuphuma kwemoya yemvelo;
    • umswakama-proof proof (izinkuni, izitini);
    • ukudoba kwangaphakathi;
    • ukulala kwendwangu, i-peat noma i-sawdust (inzuzo izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku);
    • ebusika ebusika ehamba ngokulala okunamandla okuvuselelekayo;
    • ihlobo (elivulekile, eliguqukayo) lidla ngodonga emvula nasemini;
    • izinkomo zinganisela kuphela amanzi okushisa kwamakamelo;
    • izinkomo nsuku zonke zibopha uboya bazo futhi zigeze izindawo zazo zokungcola ngamanzi afudumele;
    • isimiso nsuku zonke, ukubuka izikhathi ezilingana nesikhathi, kufanele kufake ukuhlanza, ukugqugquzela, ukudla (kulolu hlobo lwama-milkings oluthile oluphakanyiswayo e-summer futhi 3 ebusika).
    2. Kubalulekile: Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kukhona ukusabalala okubanzi kwamakamela embhedeni wokugaya, okuthuthukisa ubusika t◦C we-grac microclimate.

    Kulokhu, ukuhlanzwa nsuku zonke komquba kufakwe indawo yokulala, kanti entwasahlobo yonke inqwaba isuswa esiteshini.

  2. Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kwezilwane zalolu hlobo kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukudla okuhle:
    • zihlukahlukene;
    • ehambelana nenkathi;
    • isiqondiso sokuzalanisa;
    • isikhathi sokuphila sokuthuthukiswa.

Kubalwa:

  • ubudala: 1 i-unit unit - 1414 kcal (okunomsoco 1 kg we-oats);
  • ngendlela entsha: ku-ECE 1 (i-energy feed unit) - i-MJ eyi-10 ye-energy exchangeable (4.2 J = 1 ithole).

Ngokuba izilwane ezikhiqizayo kakhulu zidla ukhethwe ngabanye. Ukudla kwezinkomo zikaSimmental kwakhiwa ngu:

  • ifolishi enomsoco (utshani obunamadlelo noma ukuhlwanyela utshani; ingxube - ingxube echotshoziwe; imifino kanye nezitshalo zezimpande);
  • ukudla okunamafutha (hay, utshani, ukubhula imfucumfucu yezitshalo nezitshalo);
  • okusanhlamvu kugxila (bran, ikhekhe, ukudla);
  • amavithamini (E, D, A), amaminerali - Ca, Mg, P, Z, Na, Se, NaCl; kokubili ukungalungi nokudlula kwalesi sici kubalulekile.
Kubalulekile: Kuzinkomo ezikhulelwe ezinyuke ngo-25%, isidingo samaprotheni sanda, okuyinto ekudleni enikezwa ubhontshisi wezinyosi, u-silage, ne-haylage. Amaprotheni amaningi angabangela ukubeletha.

Ezempilo

Izinkomo zinezifo ezifakwe kuyo kuphela:

  • i-tympania (isifo esibangwa yi-bacterial putrefactive engene emzimbeni wenkomo ngokudla okuluhlaza okusika);
  • ukuvinjelwa kwesisu (ngokudla okunomdlandla wezimpande ezingenayo i-cow);
  • i-reticulitis engathandeki (ukuvuvukala kwesigxobo esilimazwe yizinto zangaphandle ekudleni);

  • i-ringworm (isifo sofungal; sithinta ikhanda nezinyathelo);
  • i-necrobacillosis (izicubu ze-necrosis, ngenxa yokutheleleka emiphakathini ephakathi, ubude, umlomo womlomo);
  • i-mastitis (ukuvuvukala kwezilonda ezincelisayo zomzimba).

Noma kunjalo, ngohlobo lwe-Simmental kuphela i-mastitis iyingoziisizathu esingaba:

  • iziphambeko ezimbi;
  • umzimba ophansi wokufika;
  • ukubamba imithetho yokwephulwa;
  • ukulimala kanye nokutheleleka komzimba;
  • ukuboshwa kokubeletha;
  • ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine emzimbeni.

Kanye nemithi yokwelapha idlala indima ebalulekile ukuvimbela izifo:

  • isixwayiso sokuqothula ngokweqile;
  • ukukhipha ukulimala, izifo;
  • ukuhambisana nemithetho yokudla nokunakekelwa.
Usizo: Uma ukwelashwa kuhilela inkambo yama-antibiotic, izinkomo ezincane azibaniki ubisi ku-cow encane phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-5.

Izinkomo ze-Simmental ziyindlela enhle yokulima okuzimele noma epulazini. Ngisho ukuhlukanisana kanye nezinye izinhlobo, zilawula, zidlulisele ezinganeni zazo izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza jikelele.

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