Sekuyisikhathi eside inkomo eRussia ibizwa ngokuthi umhlengikazi wethambile, futhi umcebo womndeni wakuleli uzimisele ngenani lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, okuningi kuye kwashintsha, kodwa Ukukhiqiza izinkomo zobisi kuyisimiso esihamba phambili semfuyo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphawula uhlobo olumnyama nolomhlophe, lusakazwa kabanzi ezweni lethu, e-Ukraine naseMoldova.
Umlando wokubeletha
Ngaphakathi I-USSR kusukela ngo-1931 Umsebenzi waqala ekuzaleni izinkomo eziphakeme. Isisekelo sithathwe yizinkomo ezimnyama zendawo zendawo ezisebenza kahle. I-Kostroma, i-Yaroslavl, izinhlobo ze-Simmentalsky neziDashi, iSwitzerland, izilwane zase-Ostfrizian. Umphumela wawuhloniphekile.
Ngaphakathi 1959 izinkomo zobisi ezimnyama namhlophe wathola isimo sohlobo oluhlukile, 53% Izinkomo zobisi zezwe lethu ziyi-pestrus.
Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezimbuzi zobisiezifana: Jersey, Simmentalskaya, Ayshirskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Kholmogorskaya, Red Steppe.
Izici ze-Black Pestroy
Abamele ababelethi banayo umbala omnyama nomotley, ngabanye ngesilwane ngasinye, umzimba omncane, ikhanda eliphakathi naphakathi nesigaba eside ebusweni, izimpondo zishintshe ekugcineni, umbele ufana nekomishi, i-backing ye-milkings itholakala eduze komunye nomunye kunaphambili, isikhumba sembele sibushelelezi futhi sinwebeka, imilenze inamandla.
Izwe lethu likhulu kakhulu futhi izimo zezulu ensimini yazo zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa ekuzaliseni izilwane usekelwe ezinhlotsheni zendawo ezihambisana kahle nezimo zemvelo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ubuhlanga obumnyama nabomhlophe buhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: Central Europe, Ural, eSiberia.
- Ngaphakathi ingxenye ephakathi amazwe I-Yaroslavl, i-Kholmogory, izinhlanga ze-Kostroma zisekelwe njengesisekelo sokukhiqiza umsebenzi.. Zihlukaniswa ngobukhulu obukhulu nezitshalo eziphakeme, ngakho-ke, lapho ziwela nezilwane zaseDutch naseSwitzerland, uhlobo olusha luzuze njengefa izimfanelo eziphawulekayo, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nobukhulu obuphezulu.
Bull ingaba nesisindo 1000 kg, inkomo kancane kakhulu - kufika ku-650 kg., amathole azalwa amakhulu futhi athola isisindo kuze kufike ku-1000 amagremu. ngosuku. Izinga lokukhiqiza eliphakathi kwama-4 kuya ku-6 amalitha ayizinkulungwane ngesikhathi sokudla, Inkomba ye-fat: 3.5-3.7%;
- Ukuzalanisa Iqembu le-Ural isisekelo sithathwe Uhlobo lwe-Tagil omnyama nomhlophe, i-Baltic black variegated nezilwane zase-Ostfrizian. Ingaphandle yezilwane yimbi kakhulu kunezinhlobo ze-Europe eziphakathi. Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sithengiswa ku-5500 kg, kodwa okuqukethwe okunamafutha - kufika ku-4%;
- Izinhlobo zaseSiberia inhlobo emnyama neyama-motley etholakala izinhlobo zamnyama zendawo ezinama-mottled nezamaDutch. Ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezibuhlungu, abameleli bohlobo bancane, kodwa ukukhiqiza konke okufanayo iphezulu kakhulu-kufika ku-5000 kg. ngonyakafuthi okuqukethwe kuka-fat - 3.9-4%.
Isithombe
Isithombe "I-Black Motley" izinkomo ezifuywayo:
Izimo zokuboshwa
Uhlobo lunempilo enhle futhi luvumelana nezimo ezintsha.kodwa kunezici kokuqukethwe, okungenakunakwa:
- Igumbi izinkomo kumele kube omileunomoya omuhle;
- Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele liwile ngezansi degrees 5;
- Ukukhanyisa okuhle isekela isilwane semfuyo ngesigqi esisebenzayo;
- I-leash akufanele ibeke umkhawulo wokunyakaza futhi ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwesilwane;
- Ukuhlanzwa okuphelele ngesikhathi - okudingekayo kokuqukethwe okulungile.
Qaphela! Okusalungiswa akuvumelekile.
Imodi nokudla
Ukukhula okujwayelekile, ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula, ukulondoloza ukukhiqiza okuphezulu akubalulekile kuphela izimo zokuboshwakodwa futhi isimiso esicacile. Ukondla nokukhishwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.. Ukuphulwa kombuso kuholela ekunciphiseni ubisi.
Kukhona isisho sokuthi ubisi lwezinkomo lulimi lwakhe, ngamanye amazwi, ukukhiqiza ubisi kuncike ekutheni inkomo yethu igcwele. Ukudla kwesilwane kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela. Ebusika inkomo idinga 3.5 kg. hay nge 100 kg. izisindo. Ngezivuno eziphezulu uzodinga ukondla okunomsoco ngesilinganiso se-2 noma 3 kg. ilitha ngalinye lobisi.
Qaphela! Ukondla i-beetroot kuholela ekuthunjweningokuvamile okuholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
Vula ilitha elifunayo lobisi oluthe xaxa lizodinga 150-200 amagremu. ufulawa noma ikhamera, ungakhohlwa mayelana nosawoti othuthayo kuyadingeka, futhi uyifake ekudleni ngendlela echotshoziwe akuyona into elula kakhulu.
Ukhula nosawoti kufakwa ekudleni kwasehlobo. - Kunomphumela omuhle ekwenzeni ubisi. Ehlobo, inkomo ithola konke okudingayo ezitshalweni, kuhlanganise namavithamini adingekayo.
Ngaphakathi isikhathi sasebusika okuqukethwe kwamavithamini ekudleni kunciphise kakhulu, ngoba isinxephezelo sabo imboni ikhiqiza izithasiselo ze-vitamin eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuze ugcine ukhiqiza ubisi oluqinile kufanele ungayinaki. Ukujwayelekile kokugaya inkomo badinga amanzi amaningi.
Uma kwenzeka ukuphuza okuzenzakalelayo kungekho, izilwane kufanele ziphuze ekuseni futhi kusihlwa ngamanzi amasha ekamelweni lokushisa noma zifudumale kancane.
Izifo
Okungenani kanye ngesonto kudingeka ukuhlanza inkomo nge-brush ekhethekile yensimbi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukugcina izikhumba zihlanzekile, ukubhubhisa izidumbu ezinokwenzeka. Umbuso jikelele wezempilo wesilwane uncike esimweni sezinselo zawo., kubalulekile ukuwasika ngesikhathi. Qaphela! Izindlela zokuvikela ngesikhathi esifanele nezokusebenza ngokugcwele zizokwehlisa ingozi yezifo.
Uhlobo lwezinkomo ezimnyama namhlophe ehlukaniswa nempilo enhle yemvelo. Lokhu kuyimfanelo ebalulekile - izilwane ezigula njalo ezikhukhumezekile ezingenakukwazi ukugcina isivuno sobisi ezingeni eliphakeme, kodwa ukugwema izifo ngokujwayelekile akunakwenzeka.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukudla okunengqondo, ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi kunciphisa ingozi yezifo. Ukuvimbela izifo kuyabiza kakhulu, kuthatha isikhathi esincane nomzamo uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa.
Izifo zezinkomo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ezithathelwanayo futhi ezingenasifo.
- Kuya esithathelwanayo ukulandisa izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, kanye nezimo ezihlaselayo ezibangelwa imikhaza kanye nama-parasite wangaphakathi;
- Kuya okungenakuxhumana nabo izifo zifaka phakathi izifo zezilwane ezincane, uketshezi, izifo zezinhlaka nezinhlelo ezisezingeni elilodwa.
Okubi kakhulu ngoba izinkomo ziyi: i-vesicular stomatitis, i-spongiform encephalopathy, i-pleuropneumonia esithathelwanayo, i-Rift Valley fever, i-nodular dermatitis, isifo, inyawo nesifo somlomo. Uma kwenzeka izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ukumiswa kwamakhemikhali kuyamenyezelwa.
Kwasakazeka phakathi kwezilwane isifo sofuba, i-salmonellosis, i-leishmaniasis, i-trichomoniasis, i-leukemia, i-brucellosis, i-dermatofibrosis. Insizakalo yezilwane yezwe yenza i-sampling yegazi ukuthola izilwane ezigulayo, lokhu kulinganisa ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe futhi kuvikela abathengi bemikhiqizo yobisi ekungenwe kabusha kwezifo.
Qaphela! Ungazami ukuzihlola uma ungesiyena udokotela wezilwane. Bheka ochwepheshe.
Imithetho yokuzala
Ukuze uthole izinkomo ezikhiqizayo kakhulu ngobisi obuhle nokukhiqiza ubisi obuhle, isimo esihle sempilo sohlobo, inzalo yezilwane ezinemikhuba ehleliwe ikhethiwe.
Zonke lezi zimfanelo zezinkomo zithunyelwa ngokuphelele ngomugqa womama. Uma kukhona izilwane ezimbalwa, kulula ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu.
Futhi emapulazini amakhulu, amarekhodi agcinwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. amathole ahlungwa ngempilo nokuzala, kuphela izilwane ezinempilo ezinezibonakaliso zababelethi nababelethi abakhiqizayo abavunyelwe ukuzala.
I-inbreeding ayiyithandeki; yandisa ingozi yezinzalo ezibuthakathaka.
Ukuthandwa kohlobo lwezinkomo ezimnyama namhlophe kufanelwe kahle, izilwane zizibonakalise ezinkimbinkimbi ezinkulu, ezizimele zasemapulazini, Izilwane eziphakeme kakhulu zifaka imfuyo engakhiwa. Lolu hlobo oluhle lunomuso omuhle.
