I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - isitshalo esingapheli, esifana kakhulu namazambane adumile. Isinda kahle ezimweni zethu zezulu, akuyona into ekhethekile mayelana nokunakekelwa, inikeza isivuno esikhulu. I-artichoke yaseJerusalema iyaziwa kakhulu ekuphekeni nasekwelapha ngempahla yayo ezuzisayo, yokuphulukisa. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda izinzuzo zesitshalo, indlela i-artichokes yaseJerusalema eveza ngayo, kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala nokunakekela i-artichokes yaseJerusalema.
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema: incazelo
I-plant Jerusalem i-artichoke nezilimo eziyizigaxa zibukeka njengamazambane, kanti neziqu - nge-sunflower. Abantu baseJerusalema i-artichoke nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-pear yasebumba ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo kanye nezithelo zamanzi. INyakatho Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yesiko.
Isitshalo ekuphakameni singafinyelela amamitha amane. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukubukela ukuqhakaza kwe-topinambur. Izimbali zalo zifana nezinhloko ze-sunflower, kodwa zincane kakhulu ngobukhulu. Izimbali zithola iphunga elimnandi. Uhlelo lwempande lunamandla futhi lumelelwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezidliwayo. Izithelo ziyisimo se-oval, zingaba nombala obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe, obomvu. Ubuningi be-tuber eyodwa buhluka kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-300 g.
Lesi sitshalo asizithobeki, asidingi emhlabathini (sithatha izimpande ngisho nasenhlabathini engenalutho), sinikeza isivuno esihle. Esinye isici esihle salesi siko ukuthi singamelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukuzaliswa kwe-artichoke yaseJerusalema akudingi imali nemali eningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqabunga nezithelo zalesi sitshalo banezakhiwo eziningi eziwusizo, ngakho-ke ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha.
Izithelo zalesi sitshalo zibhekwa njengokudla, njengoba zingenayo amafutha nama-fatty acids. Inani le-caloric lika-100 g lomkhiqizo lingama-73 kcal kuphela. Aqukethe igramu ye-cholesterol. Inani lomsoco lomkhiqizo yi-potassium, i-carbohydrate, i-sodium, i-fibre edlayo kanye noshukela (kuphela 10 g ngalinye 100 g yezithelo). I-Topinambur iqukethe i-inulin. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwalokhu, izithelo zesiko zinconywa ukuba zisetshenziswe ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela, abantu abadinga ukudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinomthamo omkhulu wevithamini:
- i-vitamin A;
- i-vitamin D;
- i-vitamin C;
- amavithamini B6 no-B12;
- i-calcium;
- insimbi;
- i-magnesium.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwalokhu, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema isetshenziswa emithi yendabuko ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi kulesifo sikashukela, ukuvamise ukucindezela kwegazi ezigulini ezixubile, ukuhlanza isibindi, nokugcizelela inqubo ye-metabolic. Amaqabunga e-artichoke aseJerusalema aphumelela kakhulu ekukhipheni usawoti emzimbeni, ukukhishwa kwawo kusetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwamakhambi okulwa nokuguga.
Uyazi? I-artichoke yaseJerusalema yaziwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika kwamazambane. Waqala ukukhula futhi adle izizwe eziningi zaseNdiya. Igama lomasiko livela egameni lesizwe "tupinambos". Njengoba kufika amazambane, isithakazelo esitshalweni sehlile kakhulu. Namuhla ingatholakala kaningi emapaki njengesihlahla sehlobiso.
Indlela yokutshala i-topinambur: ukukhetha kwenhlabathi nendawo
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema inkulu ngokukhula ezweni. Lesi sitshalo singakhula emhlabathini owomhlabathi oqoshiwe. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kungasinda ngesikhathi sesomiso, kanye nokungabikho kokuphatha. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo. Ngezansi sibheka indlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke yaseJalimane ezweni, ukuze lesi sitshalo sikujabulise nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu, ezihlwabusayo.
Indlela yokuthola isivuno esihle se-artichoke: ukukhetha indawo yokutshala
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo zakhiwe kahle, indawo yokutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema kufanele ikhethe ukukhanya. Ungase futhi uthathe isakhiwo nge-shading encane. Ungafaki isitshalo eduze kwezitshalo ezikhula kancane. Lapho iziqu ze-artichoke zikhula (futhi zingafinyelela emamitha amane), izitshalo eziphansi ziyoba emthunzini.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngelanga eliqondile. Isongela izithelo ukuba zibe mncane futhi zingabi mnandi.
Ngokwezimo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo, akukhuthazwa ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema endaweni lapho izitshalo ze-strawberries zisanda kukhula khona, futhi ngokufanayo. Okuhle kunazo zonke, lesi sitshalo sithandana nomakhelwane njengamajezi, amazambane, ama-raspberries, ama-currants. Izandulela phambili zaleso sitshalo yizizambane, ukhukhamba, iklabishi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho i-artichoke yaseJerusalema egcwalisa ngokuphelele inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo, isuse ama-salti kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyisela izakhiwo ezivundile zenhlabathi, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ivame ukutshala ezindaweni lapho ilanga lokushisa nelanga litshalwe khona. Nokho, kulezi zimo, ungalindeli ukuvuna okucebile.
Ingabe i-topinambur ifuna umhlaba?
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ayifuni emhlabathini. Kungakhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ngisho nangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esicebile, kufanele ugxile ezintweni okuthandayo kulokhu kuvuna. Okuhle kunazo zonke zokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihambisana ne-loamy efanele, inhlabathi evulekile. Ukulima ngokulingana okukhulu kufanele ukhethe inhlabathi evundile. Ungacabangi ukutshala emhlabathini owunzima nasemanzini omunyu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kumele kulungiswe. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe entwasahlobo, ekwindla umhlaba ugoba kuze kufike ekujuleni kwe-bayonet yefosholo bese wengeza amanye umquba kuwo. Ngesikhathi sokumba kwebele lomhlaba ungaphuli, kuhle ukukwenza entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, inhlabathi yatshelwa amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kwenqubo yokutshala.
Uyazi? Uma ufuna ukufeza isivuno esiphezulu, ngaphambi kokutshala, hlanganisa inhlabathi ngamanyolo we-phosphate-potassium (ama-droppings owomile, isidlo senyama). Wonke umuntu okhohliwe lapho emba i-tuber uzohluma ngonyaka ozayo. Ukunciphisa indawo yokukhula kwesitshalo sesitshalo utshalwe ezinkalweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-artichoke yaseJerusalema: indlela yokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa zepareyard zobumba
Cishe unesithakazelo kulokho okukhiqiza i-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula kakhulu. I-artichokes yaseJerusalema ikhulwa yi-vegetative propagation - izilimo eziyizigaxa, njengamazambane ethu avamile. Ukutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo zikhethiwe (ezingenayo izibonakaliso zokulimala kanye nokungaphandle kwangasese) yobukhulu obuphakathi (kufika ku-40 g). Ukutshala kuvame ukwenza entwasahlobo, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala kungenziwa ngesikhathi sekwindla (ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba), njengoba isitshalo singanqamuki. Ukuvuna uthola ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukuze izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe zakhiwe kahle, kubalulekile ukunamathela ibanga ukusuka ku-60 kuya kwangu-80 cm phakathi kwemibhede, futhi kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-40 cm emibhedeni phakathi kwezintambo. Ukujula kwemigodi kufanele kube ngu-10 cm. Kunconywa ukuxuba inhlabathi eyasuswa lapho ibamba imigodi. futhi uthele ingxube elandelwayo yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Kubalulekile! Uma kuhlelwe i-artichoke enkulu kakhulu, kufaneleke ukumba imigodi, kodwa iziqu kuze kufike ku-12 cm ejulile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifakwe 40 cm ngaphandle komunye nomunye. Ukwakheka kwamathanga, ungasebenzisa i-ralo.
Ukusuka ekutshaleni izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuze kuhlume amaphasiwedi, futhi kuvuna kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha.
Indlela yokunakekela i-artichoke yaseJerusalema
Uma inselele ukuthola ukuvunwa okucebile nezilimo eziyizigaxa eziphezulu, ungathembeki kuphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi singasinda ezimweni "ze-Spartan". Izimfuneko zokunakekelwa kahle kwesiko akuzona eziningi. Noma kunjalo, ukugubha kwabo kuzokujabulisa ngokuzala okungavamile nokuhle kakhulu kwezithelo ukunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzovikela i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Izici zokuchelela ubumba lobumba
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ayifuni imithombo yamanzi futhi imelana nesomiso. Ukuphuza i-pear yasebumba, ehlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele kube kuphela ezimweni lapho kungekho khona imvula isikhathi eside. Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe ezigulini, ukuchelela okulinganiselayo kwenziwa kanye ngesonto nengxenye. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele sikhuphule inhlabathi. Kungcono ukuphuza ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukushisa kwamanzi kunazo zonke kunama-15 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphuza i-topinambur akufanele kwenziwe uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lansuku zonke lingaphansi kuka-15 ° C.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-girasol
Umanyolo womhlabathi wenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:
- umquba ngesikhathi sokumba kwenhlabathi;
- potassium phosphate fertilizer ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- umanyolo wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwefihlekile.
I-phosphorus-potash engcono kunawo wonke yomhlabathi i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ifaka umquba owomile nesidlo sefu. Lesi sitshalo siphendula kahle kumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa. I-phosphorus, i-potashi, imifino ephilayo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokulima, umanyolo we-nitrogen - entwasahlobo. Ama-organic fertilizer angasetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, kanti namaminerali amaminerali anconywa ukuthi azaliswe njalo ngonyaka.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi nokusila
Ukuhlwanyela izitshalo kusuka kokhula kungomunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni i-pear yasebumba. I-weeding yokuqala iyenziwa lapho amahlumela ebonakala ngokucacile ukuze angadideki nokhula. I-pear yasebumba idinga inhlabathi evulekile, i-weeding ejwayelekile njalo ayiwusizo kuphela ukuhlanza ukhula, kepha futhi nokuhambisa umoya okungcono emhlabathini. Ukhula umhlabathi kufanele ube ngokucophelela, ukuze ungalimazi impande ye-artichoke yaseJerusalema.
Uyazi? Ukukhula kwegazi okuvamile, okukhudlwana kuyoba yi-artichoke yase-Jerusalem. Ngemuva kokuhluma, isitshalo sinconywa ukuba siphume, futhi phakathi nesikhathi semifino esibekiwe sinamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokuvuna okucebile.
Izifo nezinambuzane zaseJerusalema i-artichoke
Ukuphikisana kwamapheya omhlaba kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, sitholakala kubo. Ngokuvamile, kunenkathazo lapho kuphulwa ngokweqile kwemithetho yokunakekelwa noma yokutshala kumhlabathi ongcwelisiwe noma izitshalo ezithintekile.
Ukubola okumhlophe kuyisifo se-topinambur esivame kakhulu. It ikakhulukazi kuthinta isitshalo nge ngokweqile umswakama inhlabathi. Kuboniswe ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe ngeziqu. Ezimweni eziphambili, ukukhula okumnyama kuqala ukuvela ngaphakathi kweziqu. Uma izimpawu ezinjalo zitholwa, isitshalo esithintekile kufanele sisuswe futhi sishiswe ngaphandle kokulibala. Umkhuhlane we-powdery ungase uvele esitshalweni engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi ekhulayo. Kubonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe phezulu kwamaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlasela kuthola umbala obomvu. Lesi sifo siwumphumela wesomiso noma izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni. Ukuze silwe nesifo, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema iphathwa nge-fungicides (isibonelo, "Skor", "Topaz").
Phakathi kwezinambuzane e-artichoke iJerusalema ingabeka i-slugs ne-medvedka iso. Lezi zinambuzane zidla izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukuze silwe nama-slugs azungeze izitshalo, ama-granules akhethekile akhiwe. Ukuze uvimbele izilimo eziyizigaxa zingonakaliswe yi-beetle kanye nezibungu zeMebubug, i-Foxin noma i-Diazinon zifakwa emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Umkhuhlane we-powdery uvame ukuholela emanzini amaningi emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe kancane.
Ukuvuna i-artichoke yaseJerusalema
Ukuzikhethela kwesitshalo kutholakala ukuthi ukuvuna kungenziwa ekwindla nasekuseni. Ekwindla, kungcono ukukwenza phakathi no-Okthoba, kanti entwasahlobo - emva kweqhwa liyancibilika. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhethwa entwasahlobo zifanelekile ukutshala okusha. Iqukethe ushukela owedlula kulabo abaqoqwe ekwindla.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezishiya ebusika zigcinwa ngokuphelele enhlabathini. Bangakwazi ukumelana neqhwa ngaphakathi kwama-degrees angu-40 frost. Ebusika, isitshalo sesitshalo sinqunywa esilinganisweni esingu-15 cm emhlabathini, izilimo eziyizigaxa zihlanganiswa ngotshani, amaqabunga omile kanye neziqu ezinqunyiwe. Ungasheshi ukusika isitshalo, isikhathi esihle salokhu inyanga kaNovemba. Kuze kube manje, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ithatha izakhi eziwusizo emhlabathini.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezishiye emhlabathini zingahluma ngonyaka ozayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholakale isivuno esingcono, kufanele sikhishwe futhi sikhethwe ngokutshala izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Uma iziqu ziqeda kakhulu kakhulu ebusika, lokhu kuzonciphisa isivuno kanye nosayizi wezilimo eziyizigaxa ozothola entwasahlobo.
Ukugcina i-artichoke yaseJerusalema kuhle kakhulu kwenziwe endaweni epholile. Ngenxa yalokhu insimu noma indawo ehlanzekile esiqandisini iphelele. Lapho izinga lokushisa elifudumayo, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ziyochoboza ngokushesha futhi ziwohloke. Ukwazi ukuthi i-pear yombumba iyini, yiziphi izakhiwo zayo eziwusizo, ukuthi izitshalo ze-pear ezitshalayo zikhiqiza kanjani, imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa, ukuvuna nokugcina indlela yokugcina i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ebusika, ungakwazi ukuyilula kalula endaweni yakho.
