I-Pasternak kuyinto imifino, hhayi nje kuphela esihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi ewusizo kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukutshala kwalo embhede womkhaya kunamaphutha amaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho okungenakwenzeka ukuthola izithelo ezinkulu. Kuqondene nama-nuances enjalo ekuhlaleni ama-parsnips, futhi sichaza ngezansi.
Ukutshala ama-parsnip for izithombo
Izinto ezikhethekile ze-parsnip ekhulayo ezweni lixhomeke kakhulu kulezi zici zemifino njengenkathi yokukhula ende. Uma emgwaqeni ophakathi, lapho i-Ukraine itholakala khona, kusencane kakhulu ukuhlwanyela imbewu yayo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokuwa uzoqoqa izimpande ezincane kakhulu ezingenaso isikhathi sokwenza ngoba isimo sezulu esibanda singagcini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isitshalo sinconywa ukuba sihlwanyele okokuqala ezitshalweni, ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo kungatshalwa emibhedeni ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi kunconywa ukuthi ukutshala ama-parsnip for izithombo yikukhula kwesikhathi eside kwembewu, enesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu sokuhluma. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala akuvamile, kanti isivuno asijabuli ngokuningi.
Nokho lapho uhlwanyela isitshalo sezithombo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuzwela kakhulu ukuguqula futhi kungafa ngisho nokulimala okuncane ezimpandeni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela izimbiza ezihlukene zesitshalo ngasinye.
Kubalulekile! Izimbiza ze-Peat zilungile ukuhlwanyela izithombo ngezithombo, ezingabe sezigujwa embhede wensimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mifino isabela kahle kakhulu ekukhuliseni umquba, okuzokuvumela ukuba "ubulale izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa".
Indlela yokulungisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala?
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, imbewu ka-parsnip ihluma kakhulu, ngakho-ke idinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, okungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Indlela elula ukugcoba imbewu emanzini afudumele usuku, ngenkathi ishintsha njalo amanzi ukuze ihlale ifudumele. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu encane evuvukala kufanele ibe kahle inqubo yokukhuthaza ukukhula, okuyizidakamizwa ezihle:
- "Appin";
- "Heteroauxin";
- "I-Cycron".
Ungaphinda ugobe imbewu enesisombululo somlotha (20 g lomlotha ngamunye 1 l amanzi). Ukugcina kuzo kufanele kube ngaphansi kwamahora angu-48, emva kwalokho kufanele uhlanza imbewu ngamanzi afudumele, omise kancane futhi ungaqhubeka nokutshala. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo zingabonakala ngosuku lweshumi lama-10-12, nakuba kuvamile ukuba i-parsnip uma ivela ngosuku lwe-18.
I-Parsnip Ground
I-agronomy yokutshala i-parsnip kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-peat, loamy noma imbiza ye-plant for the plant (futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxube yabo). Kodwa ekhaya, indlela elula yokuthola ingxube yenhlabathi isilungiselelwe ngesisekelo se-peat futhi ifinyelela kahle. Uma ulungiselela inhlabathi ye-parsnip ngokwakho, ungakhohlwa ukuyihlunga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu nge-sieve. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini "ekhaya," ongayibamba phezu kwe-steam noma uyibeke kuhhavini.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yeParsnip
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuthi ukuhlwanyela i-parsnip ezenzweni. Okukhethwa kukho okucatshangelwayo kubhekwa ekupheleni kukaMashi, kodwa-ke, ngokushesha uma wenza izitshalo, kuzoba ngcono izithombo ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ekupheleni kukaMashi, khona-ke phakathi nango-May, izithombo zizofanelekela ukutshala. 
Umhlabathi olungiselelwe uchithelwa ezimbizeni futhi uhlanganiswe kancane, ushiya cishe u-1 cm emaphethelweni ebhodweni. Emva kwalokho, uphuziswa, futhi imbewu engu-2-3 ifakwe ebhodweni ngalinye, isalokhu lugcwele ungqimba lomhlabathi. Ukusheshisa izithombo, kunconywa ukuba uqinise le foil, kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuyihambisa nsuku zonke, ukususa indawo yokukhosela imizuzu engu-7-10. Njengoba i-parsnip ibanda ukubekezela, izitshalo zezinhlamvu akudingeki zihlale zifudumele, nakuba ukukhanya kwelanga kuyimfuneko ye-parsnip, ikakhulukazi uma amahlumela okuqala eqala ukuvela ezimbizeni.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
I-Pasternak- imifino ebonakala ngokutshala okulula nokukhathalela, okusebenza izithombo zayo. Ukunakekela izithombo ze-parsnip kuhlanganisa izici ezintathu kuphela ezigunyazayo:
- ukukhanya okungeziwe, uma isikhathi sosuku singedluli amahora angu-14 (okuqokomisa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile zezitshalo);
- ukuchelela okulinganiselayo;
- akukho ukunqwaba komswakama emiphakathini enezithombo (ukuvimbela lokhu, qiniseka ukwenza izimbobo ezimbizeni noma, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, ufake i-claydite phansi).
Ukutshala izithombo zeparsnip emhlabathini ovulekile
Le nqubo ibalulekile ukwenza ngokucophelela, ngoba uma ulandela imithetho echazwe ngezansi, usengozini yokulimaza izithombo, ezizofa futhi zingeke zivune.
Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo
Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ze-parsnip sincike ikakhulukazi esifundeni sokuhlala kwakho nesimo sezulu. Uma inhlabathi emibhedeni ingafudumala kufika ku- + 4˚С, kungenzeka ukuthi ukulibazisa ukutshala isikhathi eside, nakuba kuvame ukuqhutshwa engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, lapho izithombo sezivele zineminyaka engu-28-30 ubudala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokutshala i-parsnip entwasahlobo kungcono ukuthi singagcini kakhulu, ngoba ekupheleni kokutshala lesi sitshalo ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokwenza izimpande ezinkulu.
Kubalulekile! Cishe izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ze-parsnip zitshalwe engadini, kufanele zikhishwe isikhathi esifushane emgwaqweni. Lokhu kuzomsiza ukuba angenelele kangcono futhi adlulisele ngokuqinile ukufakelwa.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
I-Pasternak ikhula kahle emibhedeni ngomhlabathi ovulekile, okumele ube ne-peat eningi. Uma inhlabathi iyasebenza, awukwazi ukutshala ama-parsnips kuwo, noma kuzodingeka ube nelame elihle ngaphambi kokutshala.
Umbhede ngokwawo kufanele ube endaweni enelanga, nakuba i-penumbra nayo ayikwazi ukukunciphisa isivuno. Akusekho icala ongakhethi kumibhede e-parsnip, eyakhula:
- isanqante;
- i-parsley;
- i-parsnip;
- isilimo esinamagatsha anamanzi
Kungcono ukukhulisa i-parsnip ensimini, emibhedeni ngemuva kwe-anyanisi, beet, iklabishi namazambane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukutshala isayithi ngaphambi kokutshala i-parsnip kusukela ekwindla, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo wonke ama-fertilizer apheliswe kahle enhlabathini futhi afinyelele esitshalweni. Ngentwasahlobo, kubalulekile futhi ukumba umbhede bese ususa ukhula kuwo, ukwakha izikhukhula eziphakeme emhlabeni ngaphansi kwezitshalo.
Ukutshala izithombo engadini
I-Pasternak ayithandi ukuqina okweqile kokuthungatha, ngakho-ke ukufika kwayo kuyadingeka ukulungiselela uchungechunge lwemigodla ebangeni lika 10-12 cm komunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo kufanele lilingane no-40 cm (silungiselela izimbobo kunkulu ngoba izithombo zizofakwa kuzo kanye nezimbiza ze-peat). Ngemuva kokufakelwa isitshalo, inhlabathi ezungeze ibhodlela iyahlanganiswa futhi yanisela.
Uma uhlwanyela izithombo ngamapulangwe epulasitiki, khona-ke ngesikhathi utshala kungcono ukuwasika bese uthola i-parsnip kanye ne-clod yomhlaba (uma kunesihlahla esibi, vele uthele lesi sitshalo ngokuningi ukuze i-clot kanye ne-seedling iphume ebhodweni). Zama ukudlulisa ungalimazi izithombo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi azihlali endaweni entsha.
Amathiphu wokunakekela ama-parsnip ensimini evulekile
I-Pasternak idinga ukunakekelwa ensimini evulekile, equkethe izindlela eziningi ezilula. - ukususwa kokhula, ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi (okumelwe ukwenze emva komswakama ngamunye uthinta umbhede wensimu), ukuphuza nokudla. Nokho, kulezi zindaba lesi sitshalo sinesidingo sayo siqu.
Indlela yokuphuza ama-parsnips?
I-Pasternak impela yomswakama-onothando, ngakho-ke ngenkathi kwenziwa isitshalo sesitshalo isitshalo sidinga ukuphuziswa kaningi, nakuba singeningi. Uma engenawo umswakama okwanele, umbala wamaqabunga uzoba obala, kanti isitshalo ngokwawo sizophuza ekukhuleni. Ngokuvamile, emhlabathini owomile, i-parsnip iqala umcibisholo, ngenxa yokuthi isivuno sempande asifaki. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, ukungabi nomswakama kungabangela ukuqhekeka kwempande, okwenza kube lukhuni futhi lume.
Noma kunjalo, nakuba ukuphuza i-parsnip kufanele kube kaningi, akunjalo neze. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma ingadi izoba nomswakama, izimpande zingatheleleka nge-fungus. Okusho ukuthi, uma ihlobo livula, khona-ke isitshalo singase singadingi ukunisela. Into esemqoka emva kokungeniswa kokunye emhlabathini ketshezi ukuyikhulula, ukuze isivuno sempande sihlale sithola umoya.
Uyazi? Esikhathini esishisayo, lapho umoya usomile kakhulu, amaqabunga eparsnip akwazi ukufihla amafutha athile abalulekile, angashiya ukushisa esikhumbeni somuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma unquma ukondla umbhede nama-parsnips, kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga noma ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
Ungadla kanjani ama-parsnips?
I-Pasternak e-dacha nayo idinga ukondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okuyiyo yonke inkathi ekhulayo yesitshalo okufanele iqhutshwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-4.
Inqubo yomanyolo kufanele icabangele imithetho enjalo:
- I-Pasternak inondliwa kuphela ngamanyolo ahlanzekile, indima ongayisebenzisa ngayo i-mullein, ihlanjululwa ngamanzi 1:10. Kungashintshwa ngesisombululo somlotha noma amaminerali.
- Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili kusukela ngosuku lokufakelwa kabusha, okwesibili - emva kwesikhathi seviki ezintathu. Ngokubili kokudla, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe kumanyolo onomuthi ophezulu we-nitrogen.
- Ukondla okwesithathu kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, yesine - emavikini angu-2-3. Uma wenza zonke izithako kufanele usebenzise umquba ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Kumele kuqashelwe futhi iqiniso lokuthi i-parsnip ayidingi njalo umanyolo. Uma inhlabathi engadini inomsoco futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakwazi ukuyihlwanyela ekwindla, khona-ke isitshalo ngeke sidinge ukugqoka okungeziwe.Ukuvunwa kwe-Parsnip nokugcina
Uma nje uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga eparsnip aqala ukuma futhi agugile, ungaqala ukuqoqa imifino yawo. Kodwa uma i-parsnip ihlala emhlabathini cishe kuze kube seqhwa kuqala, iyosizuzisa kuphela. Izimpande zesitshalo zingaba mkhulu, ngakho zikhiphe emhlabathini kangcono ngemifoloko, uzama ukulimaza imifino ngokwayo. Kungcono ukusebenza ngeglavu ukuze ungashisi iziqongo.
I-Parsnips igcinwa ngokufanayo kuya izaqathe - ekushiseni kwe-0 + 2˚С, ekamelweni elinomswakama ka-80-85%. Omunye kufanele futhi alungele iqiniso lokuthi emiphongolweni yomgwaqo ngandlela-thile i-parsnip izothambile. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu, izimpande zalesi sitshalo zingagcwa ngokushesha ukuze zisetshenziswe ngabantu, njengoba ziphikisana nesimo sezulu esibanda.
Uyazi? Nakuba i-parsnip iyimifino enomsoco futhi enempilo, nayo inezinqinamba. Akufanele kunikelwe izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Kuphikisana nakwezinye izifo ezifana ne-photodermatosis, lapho isikhumba sithinteka kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi sihlale sigwetshiwe.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo ze-parsnip?
I-Pasternak, ngaphezu kokuhlwanyela nokunakekelwa okufanele, idinga ukulawula izinambuzane, okuyizona ezitshalo kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezifo eziphawuleka kakhulu kunezi:
- i-septoriosis;
- ukubola kwebhaktheriya emanzini;
- ukubola okumnyama;
- i-chalcosporosis;
- i-white and gray grey.
Lezi zifo zingazibonakalisa ngokwayo ezindaweni ezimnyama ezimpandeni noma emaqabunga omisiwe. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo kusengaphambili:
- Hlwanyela ama-parsnip ebhedeni elifanayo ngezikhathi okungenani iminyaka engu-3-4 futhi ungakhohlwa ukulandela abanduleli bawo.
- Landela imithetho ye-agrotechnics echazwe ngenhla, ukunakekelwa ngokukhethekile kokunisela.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala emibhedeni yezithombo ze-parsnip, wonke ukhula kufanele asuswe.
- Bordeaux fluid (isisombululo 1%);
- Fundazole;
- I-Topsin-M
- I-caraway moth, inhloso eyinhloko yizimpande, ama-stalk namaqabunga. Ukuze ususe le goose eyingozi, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe umhluzi okhethekile olungiselelwe kusuka ku 3.5 kg wezinhlayiya utamatisi nama-10 amalitha amanzi abilayo (ukugxila izinsuku ezimbili). Ngaphezu kweziqongongweni, kufanele futhi wengeze cishe amagremu angu-40 esensimu yokuhlanza evamile, evuliwe ngaphambili, esixazululweni, esizosisiza ukuba sichithe kangcono.
- Insimu yezinsimu izibungu zakhe ezondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo yesitshalo, izizukulwane ezingu-4 zezimbungulu zingase zivele, ezikwazi ukusula ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo. Ukuze ulwe, phatha i-parsnip ne-Karbofos noma i-Actellic.
- I-Aphid iyingozi kakhulu ku-parsnip, ngoba ingabhubhisa ngokuphelele ukutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilezi zinambuzane ezisebenza njengesifo sezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukulibhubhisa, sebenzisa i- "Antitlin", "Biotlin" kanye nomuthi olwa nama Colorado amazambane asetsheni - "Confidor".
