Lapho kuqala ihlobo, wonke umuntu ulindele ngokulangazela ukuvuna ama-strawberries. Kodwa-ke, ama-strawberries afinyelele kunani elikhulu lezifo, kanti izinyathelo zokwelashwa zidinga ukuthathwa ngesikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, kukhona usongo lokuhlala ngaphandle kokunambitheka. Lesi sihloko sichaza izifo ezivame kakhulu zezimila, izibonakaliso, ukwelashwa nezindlela zokuvimbela ezokusiza ukugcina ama-strawberries futhi ujabulele ukunambitheka okuvela kuNkulunkulu kwezithelo zawo.
Spotting
Ukusabalalisa yisifo esivame kakhulu se-strawberries. Akuthinti nje kuphela iqhaza leqabunga, kodwa futhi liholela ekulahlekelweni kwesitshalo. Ngesifo esiningi singaphela yonke izithelo, kanye nezithombo ngokwabo. Usongo lokulimala esitshalweni ngalesi sifo luqhubeka phakathi nonyaka okhulayo. Ukusabalalisa akukhiphi ngokwakho, ukukhipha, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngokushesha. I-strawberry leaf spot iyabangelwa i-fungus, Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni, lezi zinhlobo zezifo zihlukaniswa:
- indawo emhlophe;
- obomvu
- obomvu.
Kubalulekile! Uma ama-strawberry kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo ayilinywa, ungalahlekelwa isivuno hhayi kulo nyaka kuphela, kodwa futhi ngonyaka ozayo: i-fungus izoqala ukuthuthukisa ngokuzayo unyaka ozayo, ivimbele ukukhula nezimbali zezithombo ezintsha.
Indawo emhlophe
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubangelwa isikhunta se-genus Mycosferellum neRamularia. Iqala ukuthuthukisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. It kuthinta amahlamvu, peduncles, petioles, amajikijolo. Izimpawu zendawo emhlophe zingatholakala ngo-May. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- ukwakheka phezu kwamaphepha amabala amhlophe nge-edging emnyama;
- ukuma kwamabala kuyindilinga noma i-oval, zitholakala eduze kwezingubo eziphakathi kwamagqabi;
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala aphuma, futhi izimbobo zakhiwa endaweni yazo, ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ubukhulu bawo buba mkhulu, nokwakha izimbobo ezinkulu;
- amaqabunga nama-petioles bafa;
- amajikijolo athathwe futhi aphule noma aome.
- ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, anyanisi, i-garlic, imifino, izaqathe, amazambane, ama-eggplants, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ummbila, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ubhontshisi, ukudlwengulwa, i-clover kanye ne-grains kukhule kusayithi;
- ukufika okukhulu;
- ukulimala kwenhlabathi ngokubola noma izinambuzane;
- akukho ukuhlanza okwesikhashana kwamaqabunga owomile;
- inhlabathi engahlanjululwa noma ehlwanyelwe ngemuva kwentwasahlobo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside sesayithi.
Ebusika, izinhlamvu zihlala emasala asetshala. I-fungus ibekezelela ukushisa nokushisa okuphansi, isimo sezulu esinomsoco nesomiso. Ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho kunezinto eziningi zokukhanya, izinhlamvu zikhula ngokushesha. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ekukhuleni okunempilo ngosizo lomoya, imvula, izinambuzane, emhlabathini.Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela:
- ukuhlanza indawo kusuka emaqabunga omnyaka odlule ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese uyishisa;
- entwasahlobo ukucubungula izithombo nge Falcon, futhi ekwindla nge Ordan;
- esimweni sokutshala amahlumela amasha, ngemuva kokulwa nebala elimhlophe, kusetshenziselwa izithombo eziphilile, ezingenakonakala;
- amadevu amancane kanye nezithombo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okujwayelekile;
- susa ngesikhathi esifanele amaqabunga alahlekile, abathintekayo nezithombo;
- susa amajikijolo alahlekile;
- ungaphuli;
- zalisa ngamanyolo omanyolo;
- Ungafaki ngezindaba eziphilayo (umquba, ama-droppings).
Uyazi? Ngamakhambi omuntu okulwa nezifo ze-sitrobheli ngesimo sebala elimhlophe libhekisela ekufakeni amaqabunga esixazululo se-iodine yesitshalo (50 ml iodini ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi).
Indawo emnyama
I-agent causative yebala elimnyama yi-mushroom ye-genus uMersoninn. Iqala phakathi kukaJulayi. Indawo ebomvu ithinta amahlamvu ama-strawberries, ngezinye izikhathi ama-mustaches nama-petioles. Amaqabunga ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo ahlanganiswe nezikhwama ezinkulu ezinobomvu, ezinobuningi, ezingavamile. Kamuva amabala aphenduka obunqunu. Phezu kwama-specks ahlakazekile amachashazi amnyama aphuma emanzini. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, amabala alahlekelwa umbala wawo obala, futhi amaqabunga alula nje. Emagqumeni nama-whiskey, indawo enobundu iveza njengamachashazi amnyama amancane. Izithwala ziyizinambuzane, umoya, ama-raindrops.
Kubalulekile! Limithombo ye-strawberries iyanyamalala ngesikhathi esifushane. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, lesi sifo kunzima ukubona. Kubonakala sengathi lesi sitshalo silungiselela isikhathi sokuphumula: amabala ayanyamalala, futhi amaqabunga aphelile. Kodwa-ke, lapho amahlamvu amancane ekhula, izindawo zama micelles zifometha ngalo lelo hora.
Izinto ezidala izimo ezihle zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo:
- ukufika okukhulu;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukuhlanza okungenakwenzeka kwesayithi kusuka kokhula.
- ekwindla, faka isakhiwo nge "Oda";
- entwasahlobo ne-Falcon noma i-Ridomil ye-prophylaxis;
- Ukutshala ukusetshenziswa kuphela izithombo ezinempilo;
- sikhule isitshalo emibhede ephakeme;
- ukusika ngesikhathi futhi uhlanze indawo kusuka emaqabunga omile namadevu;
- sebenzisa umanyolo we-potash;
- ukwelashwa ngesisombululo sama-manganese (5 g ngalinye 10 l amanzi).
Indawo ye-Angle noma emnyama
Ithinta isitshalo ngenyanga kaJulayi. Ukulimala amaqabunga, amachibi amachibi, ama-petioles, amajikijolo. Iholela ekufeni kwamaqabunga, emva kwalokho izitshalo azibekezeleleki ebusika, eziningi zazo ziyaqhwaza, kanti isivuno sibuye siphumelele ngonyaka ozayo.
Lapho kuqala lesi sifo, amabala aphuzi awakhiwa emaqabunga, okugcina ekugcineni avuke. Kodwa-ke, umlenze ophuzi uhlala. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, amabala akhula futhi abe yindilinga. Ngemuva kwemvula, izinhlamvu ezinama-mucous ezikhanyayo zefomu le-fungus ebusweni bamabala. Ezingxenyeni ze-petioles kanye ne-whiskers, lesi sifo sibonakala njengamaqabunga asundu, ekugcineni abe yi-necrosis.
Izindlela zokulwa nokuvimbela:
- ekwindla kuhlanza wonke amahlamvu omile anesifo;
- inqubo ngenkathi ekwindla yesitshalo "Ordan";
- entwasahlobo yokuvikela ingasetshenziswa nge-"Ridomil", "iKvadrisom" "noma" i-Falcon ".
Idonsa likaMealy
Lesi sifo sibonakala emaqabungeni nasezithelo nge-patina emhlophe, ehlaba njenge-mold. I-agent causative yi-fungi, ehamba emoyeni noma ndawonye nezithombo ezithathelwanayo.
Izindlela zokulwa nokuvimbela:
- ukutshala ama-strawberries ezindaweni eziphephile futhi ezikhanyisiwe;
- sikhule isitshalo emibhede ephakeme;
- entwasahlobo yokupompela nge-quadris (ye-prophylaxis);
- lapho ekhomba izimpawu zesifo ngemuva kokukhetha amajikijolo, izitshalo zifakwe nge-Readzole.
Uyazi? Umkhuhlane we-Powdery unikeza ukunambitheka okungajabulisayo kwesibunjwa kanye namafomu amahle kuya kwezithelo ze-sitrobheli.
Phenduka
I-Rot ibhekisela ezifweni eziyingozi nezivamile ze-strawberries. Kunzima ukuhoxisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuholela ekufeni kwesamba esikhulu sezitshalo. Izifo zingonakalisa izithelo ezingafika ku-85%.
Ukubola kwe-Anthracnose
Ithinta yonke ingxenye ephakanyisiwe yama-strawberries. Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa:
- ukubukeka kwamabala amacansi emaqabungeni ngomngcele obomvu;
- unqobe amachashazi amancane nezilonda;
- ukuhlwanyela izithelo ezingavuthiwe;
- amajikijolo amnyama amajikijolo;
- izithelo ezomile.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esihle kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kokubola kuyinto inhlabathi emanzi. Ukutshala umhlabathi owomile kakhulu ngemvula enzima kuzokusiza ukusindisa lesi sitshalo kulolu sifo.
Izindlela zokulwa nokuvimbela:
- ukutshala izithombo ezinempilo;
- ukutshala ama-strawberries emibhedeni ephakeme;
- uma kutholakala lesi sifo, sishaye nge "Antracol" noma "Quadris".
I-Rhizoctoniosis (i-root root rot)
Ama-strawberries angaphansi kwalesi sifo kulo lonke isikhathi esikhulayo. Ngalesi sifo, ama-round spots akha phezu kwezimpande zesitshalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlelo lwempande luba lula futhi lume. Ngalesi sifo, isivuno siyanciphisa kakhulu, izithombo azikhuli kahle futhi azifaki amadevu, ama-stalk athatha umbala obomvu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho kungekho khona izinyathelo ezifanele, lesi sitshalo sifa.
I-sushiable ye-rhizoctoniosis yizitshalo ezikhula:
- emhlabathini ophelile;
- ezindaweni lapho ngaphambi kokuba zikhule amazambane, utamatisi, ummbila;
- ezimweni lapho ama-strawberry ekhulile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintsha izindawo.
- ukushintsha indawo yokutshala isitshalo (isitshalo endaweni efanayo akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka emine);
- akuvumelekile ukutshala ngezindaba eziphilayo;
- ngokuvimbela ekwindla okuhlwanyelwe izithombo "Ordan".
Ukubola okumhlophe
Isibonakaliso sezifo ezibomvu ukukhanyisa amahlamvu ngokusema noma ukubola. I-white bloom ifaka emaqabunga namajikijolo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amajikijolo aqala ukubola. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubambe iqhaza ekutshaleni kwesimo sezulu esimanzi kanye nokutshala okutshaliwe.
Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula:
- Ukunciphisa izithombo ezitshalwe kakhulu;
- ekhula emibhede ephakeme;
- lapho ukukhomba izimpawu zokugula kuveza ukukhishwa kwe-strawberry "Dezoralom".
Grey ukubola
Iyakuthinta yonke indawo engenhla yesitshalo. Amabala amnyama avela emaqabungeni, akanalo uhlaka olucacile lwemingcele. Izithelo zigcwele izindawo ezimnyama, ziba ngamanzi, zi-flabby futhi zingenakwenzeka. With the ukuthuthukiswa le amajikijolo sifo zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nge grey bloom.
Izinto ezihambisana nokubonakala kwe-gray gray zikhuphuka umswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, othinta amajikijolo omhlabathi, nokuvunwa okungakafiki kwamajikijolo onegciwane. Izimo ezihle kunazo zonke isimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nezinguquko zokushisa. I-fungus evusa ukubonakala kokubola ihlala ebusika emhlabathini nasemasala asebhanbri.
Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula:
- ukuhlanza ekwindla kwesosizinda kusuka emaqabeni anesifo kanye nezithelo;
- utshani wezinhlanga;
- ukuhlunga;
- sishaye ekuqaleni kanye naphakathi kwezimbali "Teldorom";
- ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile izithelo ezithelelekile, amaqabunga, i-whiskers, ukhula.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo zokunqoba ukubola okuyizinhlobo ezinjalo: Zengana, Beauty, Cinderella, Hope.
Ukubola okumnyama
Lesi sifo sithinta amajikijolo. Bashintsha obomvu, balahlekelwa iphunga futhi banambitheke, babe ngamanzi. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ihlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okumnyama.
Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela:
- ukutshala ama-strawberries emibhedeni ephakeme;
- ukuqhutshwa kwekwindla "i-Ordan";
- ngoba i-prophylaxis ngesikhathi sentsholongwane ihlanzwa nge-boric acid (10 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l).
Kubalulekile! I-Prophylactic ukuvikelwa kwama-strawberry kusuka ezifweni ukuphalaza ngamakhemikhali kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala emva kokuvuna. Uma kudingekile ukwenza izinyathelo eziphuthumayo - isitshalo emva kokufuthola iqoqwe futhi ilahlwe. Qinisekisa ukuzijwayeza isikhathi esiyingozi sokuvezwa kwezinhlayiya, ezibalwe kuphakheji.
Wilt
Lesi sifo senziwa kaningi. Kubangelwa yisifo samakhowe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sitrobheli sezihlahla zanyamalala ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokuba ukuvuna kubonakala nokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezitshalo.
I-ventilatory wilting
Kuholela ekunciphiseni okuphawulekayo ekuvuneni futhi kuphazamise ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kwesitshalo. Ebizwa umsebenzi we-parasite - nematode. Njengoba kunomonakalo omkhulu enhlabathini enhlabathini, ama-strawberries ayanyamalala ngesonto. Uma ungenzi lutho, yonke indawo ishonele iminyaka emibili.
Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa:
- ukukhula kancane kwehlathi;
- ukunciphisa amahlamvu;
- ubomvu be-petioles.
- ukukhipha ukutshala ezindaweni lapho amazambane ayevame ukukhula;
- ukuguqula njalo indawo yokutshala ama-strawberries;
- silwe nematodes.
Phytophthora wilt
Lithinta zonke izingxenye ezisemhlabeni zesitshalo, kuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Amabala aluhlaza avela kumajikijolo, abe omuncu kunambitha. Ngemva kwesikhashana amajikijolo omile. Ama-buds nezimbali ngesikhathi sezimbali zigcwele amabala amnyama angafani. Iziqu kanye nama-petioles abe mnyama. Ngemuva kwemvula, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zimbozwe ngezimhlophe.
Izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela:
- gwema ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukushintsha ngezikhathi indawo ye-strawberries;
- ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwezimbali "Ridomil".
I-Fusarium wilt
Isibonakaliso sokuqala saleso sifo sibumnyama emaphethelweni amahlamvu. I-Petioles ibe yisundu futhi ibole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izihlahla ezithintekayo ziwela enhlabathini. Amajikijolo aphendukile futhi ahlehlise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isitshalo esibulalayo siyanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu.
Izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela:
- ukususwa okwesikhashana kwezitshalo ezigulayo;
- ukuqhutshwa kwekwindla "i-Ordan";
- ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kokulima;
- kungabandakanyi ukutshala kwama-strawberries ezindaweni lapho amazambane, ummbila, no-anyanisi bekhulile ngaphambili.
Kubalulekile! Lapho utshalwa, sebenzisa kuphela impahla ephilile ngokuphelele. Zonke izinhlobo zezifo zithathwa kanye nezithombo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulawula izifo ze-sitrobheli ziwukuhlanzwa okwesikhashana kokhula, izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo, izithelo, kanye nokukhula emibhedeni ephezulu, ukuchithwa kokuvimbela.
